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PubMed2003

Vocational rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis (MS): a profile of clients seeking services.

Although a number of innovative vocational rehabilitation (VR) demonstration projects have been completed with MS populations, there remains a lack of clarity as to a profile of these VR participants. An effort is made in this article to carefully describe the demographic and occupational characteristics of people with MS seeking vocational services at intake, as well as their self-perceived psychosocial functioning across a range of pertinent measures. The issue of "program dropouts" in VR services for people with MS is also addressed. Implications for better understanding participants with MS within the VR process and improved nuances in service delivery are then discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Health care utilization by persons with chronic disabilities who have been vocationally rehabilitated.

This investigation focuses on the effect of vocational rehabilitation on persons with chronic disabilities who have epilepsy, heart disease, spinal cord injury, arthritis, or emphysema. A thesis is proposed that such rehabilitants might be more vulnerable to unemployment than others, and it is also hypothesized that this frequently would be related to health care utilization. The study comprised 338 former clients of the State Rehabilitation Agency who had their cases successfully closed in the two-year period immediately prior to this study. All persons were sent a 12-page questionnaire dealing with matters of health, employment, social support, demography, medical economics, expressed needs, and relationship with the rehabilitation agency. Two-thirds (N = 213) of the clients responded. In addition, supplemental information was volunteered substantially by narrative and telephone. The primary thesis of the project was sustained; 43.7% were either unemployed or working less than full time six months after rehabilitation. However, few of the respondents reported having difficulties with health care utilization or availability. We propose a different rehabilitation services model to meet the needs of such clients. It should accentuate better diagnosis, careful selection of objectives, adequate vocational preparation, health care advisement, and more extensive job follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Early school leaving in the lower vocational track: triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data.

This study assessed the reasons for very early school leaving of boys in the lower secondary vocational track. A unique combination of quantitative and qualitative data from different sources provided background data on these boys from a national cohort study on their elementary and high school periods. In-depth interviews in which the boys reflect on their early school leaving were conducted. Four case studies are presented in which the boys' own reflections are interpreted in light of the cohort data. It was found that several factors contribute simultaneously to early school leaving; however, the emphasis lies with learning problems, lack of motivation, and problems arising from choosing the wrong vocational track. Specific personal problems also negatively affect the school career. While the boys do not feel alienated from school, they do not enjoy studying and would rather start work. This approach of combining data appears to be worth reproducing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The dynamics of the psychophysiological indices of occupational fitness in the students of vocational training centers and in underground miners].

The psychophysiological indices of occupational fitness are characterized by stability in the age groups from 17 to 40 with subsequent diminishing. Lesser degrees of emotional stability were found in teenagers in vocational training schools. The professional fitness assessment of vocational school trainees should be performed with due account of the occupation-related intensive changes in sensomotor reactions and coordination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Epilepsy and working world--summary presentation of empirical research with special reference to reality and potential for vocational rehabilitation].

Using a variety of methods (standardized and open interviewing, medical talks, ongoing counselling, expert interviews), data had been raised from almost 400 persons with epilepsy (Grand mal) of working age (16-65 yrs.), permitting their life and working situation to be characterized participant observation. The project inter alia was aimed at describing the relationship of "epilepsy and working world", to determine the extent of participation in vocational rehabilitation measures as well as their course, in order to elicit criteria pertinent for introduction of goal-directed supportive action. The study findings are outlined; a model for estimating rehabilitative need is presented; needs-based groupings are characterized, and conceptual considerations concerning vocational rehabilitation of persons with epilepsy discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The effect of fluphenazine upon social and vocational functioning in remitted schizophrenics.

Thirty-six remitted schizophrenics who participated in an outpatient study of fluphenazine decanoate or oral fluphenazine vs placebo given for a year were examined for the effect of drug treatment upon social and vocational functioning. Only the period prior to any clinical relapse was evaluated. We found no difference between those on drug or placebo, and conclude that antipsychotic drugs, at least in the context of an aftercare clinic offering a rich spectrum of nonpharmacological services, and when combined with antiparkinson medication, do not interfere with social and vocational functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Psychosocial vocational rehabilitation services in Hawaii.

As a conceptual model for reviewing the range of psychosocial rehabilitation services available to the seriously disabled mentally ill (SDMI) population in Hawaii, this report utilizes the program spectrum and criteria developed by Vogelmann-Sine and Sine for the Mental Health Division of the State Department of Health (see Appendix A). The 5 types of psychosocial rehabilitation programs to be reviewed include: (1) Vocational programs, (2) pre-vocational programs, (3) day-treatment programs, (4) social clubs and (5) drop-in centers. Some of these programs are provided by the private sector through contractual arrangements and others are provided in the public sector at the local community mental health centers (CMHC).

Community Mental Health Centers↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of a facility for family medicine vocational training.

Vocational training for family medicine/general practice has been accepted and implemented in much of the Western world, and implementation locally is being investigated. A large public sector primary care service has been evaluated as a potential facility for providing part of a vocational training programme. The conclusions drawn are positive.

Day Care, Medical↗
PubMed1986

Spillover effects: impact of vocational training on the lives of severely mentally retarded clients.

The effects of vocational training on the lives of 22 severely mentally retarded adults were examined. Although no training time was devoted to social skills or independent living skills, we hypothesized that the work experience would have some impact on how the clients were perceived by caretakers and on how clients behaved in social settings. Three instruments were used: a naturalistic observation of leisure behavior, the Becker Adjective Checklist, and the Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS). No significant growth was observed for the entire sample on any of the dependent measures; however, secondary analyses revealed significant growth on three measures (perceived competence on the Becker Adjective Checklist and the ABS factor scores of Independence and Social Responsibility) for those clients who were most successful in vocational training.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of the working environment in the petrochemical industry on the periodontium and mucous membrane of vocational school students].

The clinical dental examination was carried out at 6 months intervals in a group of 41 vocational school pupils exposed to chemical hazards in the petrochemical industry and a control group consisting of 30 pupils of an economic grammar school. The paradontium and mucous membrane of vocational school pupils before occupational exposure was worse than that of grammar school pupils. Pupils exposed to working environment hazards exhibited an increased rate of paradontium diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[On adaptation of adolescents to the vocational training in the point of view of schooldoctors (author's transl)].

Since 1969 bibliographie informes that growing numbers of apprentices and young workers are absent from work in spite of their obviously good health-state. All reported results of several studies and investigation-programms show that in most of the described cases problems of juvenile adaptability are linked with. Difficulties arise when young people change over from school education to vocational training. At first the paper deals with the differently used terminus adaptation. Three empirical principles from available studies may be deduced. They are interpreted under the point of view of school-doctors, works-doctors and vocational-school-instructors. Recommendations for school-doctors finish the paper.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

[Legal bases and institutions for non-industrial vocational rehabilitation].

Responsibility in the field of non-industrial vocational rehabilitation is divided between the public law social security institutions, and the rehabilitation facilities which, formally, come under private law. The legal bases governing the relationship among financially responsible social security institution - rehabilitee - rehabilitation facility have as yet not been determined by normative legislation. This fact gives rise to difficulties in dealing with the legal issues involved. Rehabilitation services are delivered by facilities for vocational training or re-training, as well as workshops for the disabled. Since the 20th pension adjustment act has come into effect, the most important financially responsible social security institution has been the Federal Employment Institute.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Validating vocational assessment of severely mentally retarded persons: issues and an application.

The Trainee Performance Sample, an instrument designed to assess vocationally relevant skills of severely mentally retarded persons, employs brief benchwork tasks as content and uses a learning potential (instruction during testing) format. Our investigation of the validity of the Trainee Performance Sample for predicting subsequent training performance provided the opportunity to examine conceptual and methodological issues related to validation of such "learning potential" assessment paradigms. Results demonstrated that Trainee Performance Sample scores appear to be valid, useful predictors of the amount of training necessary for severely retarded individuals to master two prototype vocational tasks.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Medical factors relevant to the course of vocational rehabilitation of spinal cord injured clients with complete paraplegia (author's transl)].

A group of 40 clients with complete paraplegia, selected on a number of criteria (such as extent and location of the spinal cord lesion, age, financially responsible agency) had been followed up from the onset of paralysis. At the end of the 5th year post-onset, the following was stated in the 37 survivors: 28 of the 37 paraplegics (75.7 percent) have achieved vocational resettlement (in the broadest possible meaning of that term); of these 28, 16 (43.3 percent) were employed in standard-remuneration occupations; 6 (16.2 percent) had entered training or retraining programmes; 6 (16.2 percent) were engaged in domiciliary activities for at least 5 hours a day or employed in a sheltered setting. None of the paraplegics drew unemployment benefits at the report time; 9 (24.3 percent) had not been resettled vocationally. The article reports on those factors of paraplegia that have comparatively favourable effect on a return to occupational activity (such as use of both arms, absence of psycho-organic syndromes, stability of the neurological syndrome), on permanently detrimental consequences of omitted or insufficient early treatment, as well as on the importance of secondary prevention measures following discharge from inpatient treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Validity of the Vocational Adaptation Rating Scale: prediction of mentally retarded workers' placement in sheltered workshops.

The validity of the Vocational Adaptation Rating Scale (VARS) for predicting placement of mentally retarded workers in sheltered-workshop settings was investigated. The VARS was administered by workshop supervisors to noninstitutionalized adolescents and adults, ranging from severely to mildly retarded. Frequency and severity of maladaptive behavior in six domains predicted the concurrent placement of retarded workers in workshops and their placement one year later. Results indicated low to moderate significant partial correlations with concurrent placement and one-year follow-up placement (controlling IQ, age, and sex). Multiple-correlation analyses indicated that the VARS provided significant increments in predictable variance in workshop placements (13.8 to 16.1 percent) relative to predictions based on IQ, age, and sex. Results support the instrument's incremental validity as a measure of maladaptive behavior in vocational settings.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1981

Vocational interest evaluation of TMR adults.

Fifty TMR adults participated in a three-stage job-training and placement program over a 5-year period. Vocational inventoried interest and expressed interest were correlated, as were relationships between inventoried interest and such variables as CA and IQ. The results showed that (a) TMR adults can discriminate between occupational likes and dislikes when using pictorial inventoried interest assessment techniques, (b) a positive relationship exists between expressed and inventoried interest, (c) inventoried interest is independent of CA and IQ, (d) there was a general consistency in inventoried occupational choice over a 6-month interval, and (e) the Reading-Free Vocational Interest Inventory has predictive and status validity, as evidenced by job incumbents' success and their inventory cluster profiles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Noise in vocational schools. Causes of occurrence and assessment of exposure to schoolchildren].

Acoustic conditions in the classrooms of vocational schools are comparable with those in high schools. However, much worse acoustic conditions are observed in vocational school workshop. The evaluation of acoustic conditions in 712 school shops showed, that noise exposure of schoolchildren is very various and depends upon type of workshop and tasks performed by schoolchildren. The major source of noise exposure is machinery in mechanic workshops (plastic working--up to 105 dB, machine noise-from 80 to 90 dB), in textile workshops--from 90 to 100 dB and woodworking machines-from 92 to 102 dB. It should be noted that in such acoustic conditions schoolchildren stay for a relatively long time. Average exposure time of schoolchildren in mechanic or textile workshops was about 4.5 hours. At another training subjects i.e. electric, building, welding craft or gastronomy--noise exposure is usually below recommended standards (80 dB). The critical values accepted for hearing protection for occupational exposure (85 dB) were exceeded at 10% investigated training places of schoolchildren. This mostly occurred in mechanic workshops. Taking into account increased sensitivity of young people it would be worthwhile to work out separate criteria in this range for school workshops. Tentatively, problem should be solved by shortening exposure time depending on actual noise level.

Adolescent↗