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PubMed1976

Urography in preoperative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Ultrasound is a commonly used and accurate method to diagnose abdominal aortic aneurysms. A case of abdominal aortic aneurysm, diagnosed by ultrasound, which at surgery was found to have an overlying horseshoe kidney with multiple renal vessels is reported. The clot surrounding the aneurysm most likely prevented demonstration of the isthmus of the horseshoe kidney by echography. Since preservation of renal blood supply is crucial, urography should routinely be performed prior to surgery to discover such anomalies.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1979

Role of preoperative urography in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

The excretory urograms of 184 consecutive patients admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia who subsequently underwent prostatectomy were reviewed to determine the usefulness of preoperative urography. Of 184 urograms reviewed, 10 were normal, 136 showed changes consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 38 revealed other abnormalities. Twenty-seven of 184 urograms (14.7 per cent) revealed significant pathologic conditions requiring further consideration, investigation, or treatment, of which 23 would not have been suspected without this radiologic examination.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

Advantages of nonionic contrast agents in adult urography.

Nonionic radiographic contrast agents have a reported advantage of decreased contrast osmolality. Before clinical significance can be attributed to this lower osmolality, an observed difference must be documented. In a randomized double-blind study with 55 patients, Iohexol, a new nonionic contrast agent, is compared with Renografin 60 for use in adult urography. Hemodynamic parameters, serum and urine chemistries, including osmolality, were recorded before and after contrast injection. Radiographic quality and adverse reactions were recorded. This study focused on the change in urine osmolality (delta Osm) from pre- and post-injection urine specimens. The group receiving nonionic contrast agents had an average delta Osm of 65 mOsm/L while those receiving the ionic agent had an average delta Osm of 120 mOsm/L. This significant difference in urine osmolality is discussed with respect to the observed advantage in radiographic quality and the lower incidence of adverse reactions noted in the group receiving nonionic contrast material.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Importance of prone-position film during intravenous urography in detection of bladder tumors.

Three patients with neoplasms on the anterior wall or dome of the urinary bladder underwent intravenous urography (IVU). In each case, the lesion was detected only on the prone-position radiograph. Contrast medium layers in the dependent part of the bladder. If all filming is performed with the patient in supine position, lesions on the anterior wall may be undetected. We advocate routine inclusion of one prone-position film during IVU.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Renal metastases of malignant gestational trophoblastic disease: the use of intravenous urography in staging.

Intravenous urography (IVU) was performed in 289 patients at the time of diagnosis of malignant gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). Ninety-five percent of these studies were normal, and none of the urologic abnormalities detected provoked alteration of the patients' tumor-related therapy. In the detection of renal metastases, false-positive and false-negative intravenous urograms were encountered. It is concluded that IVU lacks sufficient sensitivity and specificity in the detection of renal metastatic GTD; alternate screening methods are recommended.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1991

Micronucleus assay in biomonitoring of patients undergoing excretory urography with diatrizoate and ioxaglate.

In order to perform biological monitoring of exposure to radiation and contrast media, we evaluated the micronucleus count (MN) and the mitotic index (MI) in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients undergoing excretory urography with diatrizoate (20 patients) and ioxaglate (20 patients). Three samples were taken for each patient: A (before exploration), B (immediately after exploration) and C (7 days later). There were no significant differences in the radiation doses received, nor in the dose of contrast agent, between both groups. The micronucleus count increased significantly in sample B in both groups, the increase being more statistically significant in the diatrizoate group (p less than 0.01) than in the ioxaglate group (p less than 0.05). One week later, the MN were still slightly high (p less than 0.05) in the diatrizoate group only. These results suggest a clastogenic effect which depends, to a great extent, on the nature of the contrast medium.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of radiographic contrast media on granulocyte enzymes and complement during uncomplicated urographies.

Four different radiographic contrast media (RCM) were used for i.v. urography in 40 patients, none of whom had complications. No rise in C3d was observed for any of the RCM, indicating that complement was not activated. However, significantly decreased values for CH50 were detected when the non-ionic RCM iopamidol and iohexol were used, and this may be due to interaction between the RCM and the complement molecules. Significantly increased numbers of neutrophils were observed in patients receiving ioxaglate, iohexol and diatrizoate, which may be due to inhibition of granulocyte adherence. No rise in the concentration of elastase and lactoferrin was observed. On the other hand, significantly decreased values of elastase were seen after injection of diatrizoate, which may be due to inhibition of the degranulation process by this media.

Complement Activation↗
PubMed1994

A randomised, double-blind trial of iomeprol and iopromide in intravenous excretory urography.

The aim of this double-blind, parallel group study was to compare the safety, tolerance and diagnostic efficacy of iomeprol 350 mgI/ml and iopromide 370 mgI/ml in 100 adult patients undergoing intravenous excretory urography. Fifty patients were randomised to receive 50 ml iomeprol 350 mgI/ml and 50 to receive 50 ml iopromide 370 mgI/ml. Intravenous administration of the contrast agents was always completed in 30 seconds. Images were obtained immediately after and 5, 10 and 15 min after completion of contrast medium injection. Nephrogram and pyelogram opacification quality was blindly graded according to a four point scale as follows: 0, nondiagnostic; 1, diagnostic but of limited quality; 2, diagnostic and of good quality; 3, fully diagnostic and of very good quality'. At the end of each individual patient study, the overall diagnostic quality of the procedure was reported as the sum of the scores attributed to each quality of nephrogram and pyelogram opacification quality on different images (0-4, nondiagnostic procedure; 4-8, diagnostic procedure; 9-12, excellent or good procedure). The tolerability of the test compounds was evaluated in terms of discomfort (heat and pain) associated with the injection of the test compounds. All patients were continuously monitored for adverse experiences for 1 h after completion of the urographic procedure. Reporting of untoward reactions was both spontaneous and elicited. The quality of the radiographs was judged as excellent or good in most cases, without significant differences between the two study groups. The distribution of scores of overall diagnostic quality of procedures was similar for the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cake kidney: MDCT urography for diagnosis.

Cake (fused pelvic) kidney is an uncommon congenital anomaly. Early diagnosis and recognition of potential complications that may accompany this anomaly are important to prevent permanent renal impairment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a case of cake kidney that was diagnosed by multidetector row computed tomographic urography.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A double-blind comparison of iopromide and iopamidol in intravenous urography.

A randomised double-blind comparative study was performed to assess the imaging properties and side-effects of two non-ionic contrast media, iopromide and iopamidol, in intravenous urography in high risk patients. The results showed the two contrast media to be similar in their imaging efficacy and incidence of side-effects. Using 50 or 100 ml of iopromide or iopamidol (370 mgI/ml), the quality of nephrograms was found to be dose dependent but the quality of pyelograms was not dose dependent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Intravenous urography with a new non-ionic contrast media in a clinical phase III study: iopentol vs iohexol.

The safety and diagnostic efficacy of iopentol 300 mg I/ml were compared with iohexol 300 mg I/ml in 300 patients submitted for urography. The study was carried out as a double-blind, randomised parallel study where 149 patients received iopentol and 150 patients iohexol. There were no significant differences between the patients receiving the two contrast media with regard to demographic parameters, rate of injection or total dose of injected contrast media. No changes in blood pressure and no clinically important changes in heart rate were detected in the two groups. No serious adverse effects occurred. Seven patients (5%) in the iohexol and 12 patients (8%) in the iopentol group experienced adverse effects other than a sensation of warmth. Fourteen iohexol patients (9%) and 18 iopentol patients (12%) experienced warmth related to the contrast injection. Excellent films were obtained in most patients and no difference in diagnostic quality between iopentol and iohexol was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A trial to assess the effectiveness of bowel preparation prior to intravenous urography.

A randomized prospective trial was undertaken to compare the relative effectiveness of two commonly used bowel preparations (senna tablets and sodium picosulphate powder) administered to patients before they underwent out-patient intravenous urography. Their 'control' films were compared with plain 'kidneys, ureters, and bladder' (KUB) radiographs of patients who had had no bowel preparation. The results show no significant difference in the degree of faecal shadowing between those receiving a bowel preparation and the unprepared patients. Nor is there any difference between the two laxatives. We conclude that the routine administration of a bowel preparation is unlikely to improve the diagnostic quality of out-patient intravenous urograms. In addition, 40% of the urogram patients found the effects of the laxatives to be unpleasant or very unpleasant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A double-blind clinical study comparing the safety, tolerance and efficacy of ioversol and iohexol in intravenous urography.

A double-blind trial in 80 patients showed no significant difference in the efficacy, tolerance and safety for intravenous urography between the new contrast medium Ioversol (Optiray Mallinckrodt Inc.) and the well established medium Iohexol (Omnipaque, Nycomed [UK] Ltd). Minor transient rises in AST/ALT were noted in approximately 10% of each group which were regarded as clinically insignificant. Both media were well tolerated with no significant side-effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Oliguria in the incubating neonate. Emergency aortography and urography in neonates using mobile X-ray equipment.

Neonates in incubators underwent umbilical aortography, excretory urography and suprapubic cysto-urethrography using a mobile X-ray machine in the Premature Baby Unit to define the cause of their oliguria. The techniques were easy to perform without endangering the infants by moving them. The radiological findings in the four neonates investigated contributed significantly to the management of their illnesses.

Anuria↗
PubMed1976

Urinary tract changes in obstetric vesico-vaginal fistulae: a report of 216 cases studied by intravenous urography.

Intravenous urographies carried out routinely on 216 cases of vesico-vaginal fistulae were reviewed. All the patients had suffered from urinary incontinence following obstructed labour for periods varying from immediate post-partum period to as long as 35 years with the majority (48%) presenting in the first year of the disease. One hundred and eleven patients (51-4%) showed no urinary tract abnormality. Calyceal abnormality was graded from 1-5 in ascending order of severity. The most frequent abnormality was Grade 1 (or minimal calyceal blunting) found in 75 (71%) of 105 cases showing lesions. Ten patients had non-functioning kidneys. There was no correlation of severity of calyceal grading with duration of the disease. Other notable changes were hydroureter in 75 (34%), medial deviation of the terminal ureters in 21 (9-7%) and bladder calculi in four. The study reveals a high risk of morbidity to the kidneys in patients with vesico-vaginal fistulae and the predominant role of fibrous itssue in tis genesis is postulated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Arrhythmias occurring during intravenous urography.

A low but significant fatality rate persists in intravenous urography. Fatalities are sudden and their cause is not understood. This trial assessed the arrhythmogenic effects of a common urographic contrast agent. Using standard bolus injection techniques, 12 patients out of 58 (20%) developed post-injection arrhythmias. Seven of these cases (12%) were considered to have significant or potentially serious arrhythmias. This group includes various paroxysmal tachycardias and a case of atrioventricular block. Arrhythmia post-injection was commoner in the male and in the older age groups. An abnormal control ECG was not found to be a predisposing factor to the development of arrhythmia. It is suggested that the findings reflect the high incidence of latent coronary heart disease in our older male population. No correlation was found with minor side-effects of contrast injection and the development of arrhythmia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Comparison between iodamide and iothalamate in intravenous urography.

A number of iodinated contrast media such as Iothalamate, whose excretion depends on glomerular filtration are well established for use in intravenous urography. Iodamide, a relatively new iodinated contrast medium, is thought to be actively secreted by the tubules in addition to glomerular filtration. We set out to compare the nephrogram and pyelogram using these two types of contrast medium, injecting each either slowly or rapidly. Only patients with normal plasma urea and creatinine concentrations were included in the assessment. The results, although inconclusive, suggest that the quality of the nephrogram and pyelogram is better with Iodamide than with Iothalamate.

Humans↗