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PubMed1980

Controlled clinical evaluation of a 10% strontium chloride dentifrice in treatment of dentin hypersensitivity following periodontal surgery.

Sixty adult patients were examined for dentin hypersensitivity prior to periodontal surgery. Stimuli used included mechanical, cold water and compressed air blasts. A subjective assessment of the degree of hypersensitivity for each stimulus was recorded. This presurgical examination revealed 249 hypersensitive areas among 60 subjects. Following surgery there was over a 100% increase in the pain (hypersensitivity) score. Desensitization with a 10% strontium chloride hexahydrate dentifrice was begun 1 week after surgical treatment. After 7 weeks of dentifrice use the pain score was reduced 75.5% in the test group. This was a reduction to a point below the preoperative level. The placebo group showed a reduction of 34.2% which was still above the preoperative level. These results agree with other clinical studies that have demonstrated a desensitizing effect of strontium chloride.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Assessment of oxacillin salt agar for detection of MRSA identified by presence of the mecA gene.

To assess the screening method for detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus recommended by Thornsberry and McDougal J. Clin Microbiol 1983; 18: 1084-1901, the growth of S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains on Mueller Hinton agar containing 4% NaCl and 6 mg l-1 oxacillin, after 24 h incubation at 35 degrees C, was investigated. The strains used for this study were characterized for possession of the mecA gene by the polymerase chain reaction. All 39 strains of S. aureus with the mecA gene grew on this agar, and all 12 strains of S. aureus without the mecA gene did not grow. On the other hand, three of 12 strains of S. epidermidis did not grow on this agar, although all these strains possessed the mecA gene. These results suggest that Thornsberry and McDougal's screening method is suitable for detecting S. aureus strains with mecA gene. Introduction of this method, to detect methicillin-resistant S. aureus more precisely, is simple and cheap for any laboratory in any part of the world.

Agar↗
PubMed2000

Three-dimensional structure determination of a uniformly labeled molecule by frequency-selective dipolar recoupling under magic-angle spinning.

The complete three-dimensional (3D) structure of a glycylisoleucine (Gly-Ile) molecule was determined by individually measuring six dihedral angles with a frequency-selective homonuclear dipolar recoupling method, R2TR (rotational resonance in the tilted rotating frame), using a powder sample of diluted uniformly 13C,15N-labeled Gly-Ile. Each dihedral angle was obtained by recoupling a dipolar interaction between three or four bonds distant spins concerned or observing a dipolar correlation 2D powder pattern. The 3D structure of a Gly-Ile molecule was also determined by X-ray crystallography, and a good agreement with the NMR result was obtained. The results demonstrate that the R2TR method in a uniformly labeled powder sample can provide the 3D structure without the need to prepare a lot of selectively labeled samples.

Carbon Isotopes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of imaging methods for diagnosing enlarged parathyroid glands in chronic renal failure.

Three noninvasive imaging methods, CT, scintigraphy with 201TlCl and 99mTcO4-, and ultrasonography, were performed on 36 patients with chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The patients subsequently underwent total parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autograft. The detection rates of the three methods for the 143 excised parathyroid glands were compared according to gland weight and location. Computed tomography detected 53.8% of all glands and 77.6% of 76 glands weighing more than 500 mg. Scintigraphy detected 51.0% of all glands and 77.6% of glands heavier than 500 mg. Ultrasonography detected 42.7% of all glands and 65.8% of glands heavier than 500 mg. The detection rate of upper glands was best with CT (53.5 and 87.9%): that of lower glands was best with scintigraphy (62.0 and 78.6%). Although the combination of the three methods diagnosed 66.4% of all glands and 89.5% of glands heavier than 500 mg, CT and scintigraphy, the best two combinations, visualized 64.3 and 88.2%.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Laparoscopic nephropexy: a case report.

The laparoscopic approach is an ideal method for nephropexy because it produces less postoperative pain and allows an early recovery. We report a case of symptomatic renal ptosis treated laparoscopically with good success.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Simultaneous measurement of cardiac output and pulmonary diffusing capacity for CO by a rebreathing method.

A rebreathing method was developed to obtain the pulmonary diffusing capacity for CO, DL(CO) and the cardiac output, Q, simultaneously at rest and during exercise. From DL(CO) and Q, contact time of the red blood cell (RBC) through the lung capillary, tc, was estimated by referring to a reaction rate factor of CO with RBC, Fc(CO). The DL(CO) and Q were calculated from the changes in CO, O2, and CO2 concentrations in rebreathing air. The Fc(CO) was evaluated so as to attain a proportional relation between the DL(CO) and Fc(CO) by varying a transfer coefficient for CO across the RBC boundary including the capillary wall. The PO2 dependence of Q was also taken into account in the above analyses. The tc was determined by dividing the DL(CO) by Fc(CO), Q, and fractional hematocrit. The DL(CO) and Q measured in five normal subjects in a sitting position were 26.6 +/- 2.9 ml X min-1 X Torr-1 and 5.9 +/- 0.6 l X min-1 (mean +/- S.D.), respectively, which increased during moderate exercise up to 34.6 +/- 3.9 ml X min-1 X Torr-1 and 13.0 +/- 1.2 l X min-1. The tc was 0.70 +/- 0.06 s at rest and 0.40 +/- 0.05 s during exercise. The rebreathing method for measuring DL(CO) was more advantageous than the single breath method, because the tc could be obtained as well as the Q and the influence of the dead space and ventilation-perfusion uneveness on DL(CO) was reduced.

Carbon Monoxide↗
PubMed1996

Wound healing effect of malotilate in rats.

The wound healing effect of malotilate (CAS 59937-28-9, NKK-105) was investigated by using an excisional skin-wound model produced on the back of normal and healing-impaired (induced by prednisolone pretreatment) rats. The rapid decrease in the square measure of wound areas and the improvement in the histological evaluation clarified that 0.3% and 1% cream preparations of malotilate were obviously effective in accelerating spontaneous healing in the normal rats. The accelerative effect of malotilate cream preparations was likely superior to that of an ointment containing 5% deproteinized calf blood extract used as a reference agent. The same effect was also observed in the healing-impaired rats. The histological findings revealed that a thicker and more cellular granulation tissue, which in turn created an adequate bed for rapid re-epithelization, was formed in the malotilate-treated animals. Acceleration of granulation tissue formation by malotilate was also supported by the cotton pellet implantation method. It is concluded from these results that malotilate seems to be a promising agent for topical wound therapy.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2002

Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome of 18 Norwalk-like viruses.

"Norwalk-like viruses" (NLV), a member of the family Caliciviridae, are the major causative agents of acute gastroenteritis and are genetically divided into two groups, genogroup I (GI) and genogroup II (GII). We have determined the complete nucleotide sequences of 10 new NLV strains. Using this information together with eight known NLV sequences, the criteria to further classify genotypes of NLV were investigated. Validation of the topological error based on the bootstrap value and the branch length (distance) allowed us to identify two potential subgenomic regions suitable for the genotyping. They were the putative 3D-like RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (polymerase) and the capsid N-terminal/Shell domains (capsid N/S domain). When the distance distribution analysis was performed, the polymerase-based classification did not separate the strains into internal clusters within the genogroup. Furthermore, a diversity plot analysis of the complete nucleotide sequences of WUG1, a NLV GI strain, and Saitama U1, a NLV GII strain, indicated that the genotype was different between the polymerase and capsid N/S domain, suggesting that these strains are the genetic recombinants. Therefore, polymerase is not suitable for genotyping. On the other hand, the clustering based on the capsid N/S domain successfully distinguished the NLV as well as the grouping based on the antigenicity, as determined by both antigen and antibody ELISAs with recombinant virus-like particles. As the nucleotide sequences of the primers for the capsid N/S domain are highly conserved among the NLV, the amplification of the unknown genotype can be easily performed. This method will facilitate global surveying as well as epidemiologic study on NLV.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Papillary dilation vs sphincterotomy in endoscopic removal of bile duct stones. A randomized trial with manometric function.

To circumvent the long-term effects of papillary ablation for extracting common bile duct stones (< 12 mm in diameter) in endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST), endoscopic papillary dilation (EPD) was attempted in 20 patients. To evaluate papillary function before and after the procedures, manometry of the sphincter of Oddi was carried out in 13 with EPD and 10 of 20 patients with EST. Extraction of all stones was successful (100%) in both groups at an equal rate. Repeated numbers of procedures were common in both groups. However, the mean duration of the procedure was high in EPD compared to EST (63 min vs 42 min, P < NS). Adjunctive therapies like mechanical lithotripsy (ML), nasobiliary drainage, and choledochoscopy were included in EPD, while EST required a basket catheter and ML. There was no significant difference on manometry before and after the procedures (P = NS), although papillary function was found to have decreased after the EPD. In contrast, all patients in the EST group lost papillary function after the procedure. Thirty-day morbidity and mortality rate were absent in both groups. Immediate and 2.5-year follow up complications were uncommon in both groups. As a simple method, EPD may be an effective and safe alternative to EST in the management of patients with bile duct stones who require maintenance of papillary function.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of nucleolar organizer regions in human bladder cancers by light- and electron-microscopic morphometry.

The number of nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) of human bladder cancers was evaluated at the light- and electron-microscopic level. The average number of argyrophilic NOR (AgNOR), stained by the one-step silver colloid method, was measured in benign and malignant urothelial cells in the human urinary bladder using a light microscope. The average number of nucleolar fibrillar centers (FC) per nucleus was also calculated by quantitative ultrastructural morphometry in the specimens from the same patients. Statistical evaluations revealed that the average number of AgNOR per nucleus was significantly correlated with the elevation of tumor grade and stage (p < 0.05). An average FC number per nucleus also increased in association with tumor grade and stage (p < 0.05). Although the average number of FC was 5.6 times higher than that of AgNOR, the correlation between the average number of FC and AgNOR was statistically significant. In conclusion, these results suggested that the silver staining method was a useful and convenient tool for the evaluation of the differentiation and invasive potential of bladder cancer cells at the light-microscopic level.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphologic differences in leukemic cells (L1210) exposed to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and daunorubicin.

To compare the morphologic differences in leukemic cells exposed to a nucleotide synthesis inhibitor and a DNA strand damage inducer, L1210 cells incubated with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) or daunorubicin (DNR) were investigated by time-lapse video microscopy, flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. At 1.0 microgram/ml of ara-C, cells could be separated into two populations, with some becoming ballooned and deformed, i.e. irreversibly damaged, and others remaining unchanged, i.e. in a proliferative state. In contrast, at 0.10 microgram/ml of DNR, nearly all cells were remarkably enlarged and did not proliferate during 72 hours of observation. Such morphologic changes induced at clinically achievable concentrations of each agent seemed to reflect their differing mechanisms of action on the synthesis of DNA. The methods described may allow the characterization of antileukemic agents as well as the development of clinical designs for their rational application in leukemia patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[A device in reconstruction method after distal subtotal gastrectomy: special reference to double tract method with jejunal pouch].

In the surgery of gastric cancer, it is necessary to consider not only the curability of gastric resection but also the quality of life of the patients in the choice of reconstruction method after distal gastrectomy. We have devised the jejunal pouch double tract method after gastrectomy. We reported in this study on the details of method and the satisfactory results. We employed 15 cases of gastric cancer which should be resected over three quarters of the stomach because the tumor occupation were in the middle third of the stomach and were expected long survival period. The operative procedure was as follows: (1) completion of gastric resection and lymph node dissection, (2) separation of jejunum at the site of 25 cm anal side from the Treitz's ligament, (3) pulling up the anal side of the jejunum preparing double jejunal pouch with approximately 10 cm in length using GIA, (4) anastomosis between residual stomach and jejunal pouch, (5) duodenojejunostomy at the site of 3-5 cm anal side from the pouch, (6) jejunojejunostomy at the site of 15 cm anal side from the duodenojejunostomy. Double tract reconstruction with jejunal pouch after distal gastrectomy is well-balanced method in the storage and discharging capacity, and useful in the view of better quality of life, especially in the cases which could be expected long survival period.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1998

Improved predictability of extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle involvement based on clinical and biopsy findings in prostate cancer in Japanese men.

OBJECTIVES: The accurate preoperative prediction of the extent of cancer by pathologic examination is essential for choosing the optimal treatment for patients with prostate cancer. Currently available clinical staging methods are not adequate and more precise staging is required. METHODS: Using the log likelihood ratio test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, preoperative variables, including biopsy pathologic findings, were assessed for predicting final pathologic stage in prostate cancer. A multivariate model for predicting disease organ confinement status was established for easy clinical use. RESULTS: The use of the number of cores with cancer and maximum cancer length in conjunction with the three variables (prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason score) was found to significantly improve predictability of extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle involvement in clinically resectable (n = 96) and localized prostate cancers (n = 81) (P < 0.05). Areas under ROC curves for the above two parameter sets (five- versus three-variable model) were 0.8395 and 0.7109, respectively, for capacity for extracapsular extension prediction in clinically localized cancer. These values for seminal vesicle involvement were 0.7861 and 0.6927, respectively. The logistic model gave positive and negative predictive values of 73% and 78%, and 64% and 83%, respectively, for extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle involvement in clinically localized cancer at a predicted probability of 0.5 or greater. CONCLUSIONS: The present method may be used to predict non-organ-confined prostate cancer with greater accuracy than the previously reported model using three variables.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Total parathyroidectomy with forearm autograft for secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal failure.

One hundred twenty-eight patients with chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism underwent total parathyroidectomy with forearm autograft. Postoperative clinical improvement was remarkable. In all cases, the grafted tissue functioned well, and reimplantation of the cryopreserved parathyroid tissues was unnecessary. Intact 1-84 parathyroid hormone was more sensitive than C-terminal parathyroid hormone in parathyroid hormone level (PTH) gradient assays of grafted and nongrafted forearm. The study of hypocalcemia was also helpful in obtaining more distinct PTH gradients. Five of 119 patients had supernumerary parathyroid glands (4.2%), which preoperative noninvasive image diagnosis of parathyroid glands was helpful in detecting.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The use of calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic in bone tumour surgery.

We report 60 benign bone tumours treated by resection and curettage followed by the implantation of calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic (CHA). After follow-up of six to 60 months (average 36), no patient had local recurrence of the tumour or any adverse effects from the implants. In almost all cases radiography showed that the CHA was well-incorporated into the host bone, with new bone formation in and around the CHA. Corrective remodelling of deformed bone and normal fracture healing suggested that there was normal bone turnover in the presence of the CHA. Histology of biopsies from seven patients showed bone ingrowth into the pore structure of CHA in the central zone of some defects by one year after implantation. CHA appears to be a useful substitute for bone graft in the treatment of some benign tumours.

Adolescent↗