Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “UTERUS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Dependence of the contractility of the non-pregnant human uterus from the perfusion pressure of the vascular bed during the menstrual cycle].

The relation between the contractile activity of the isolated non-pregnant human uterus and the perfusion pressure of its vascular bed has been investigated. Experiments have been carried out on 35 isolated human uteri obtained at operations from various phases of the cycle. It has been found that the contractile activity of the non-pregnant human uterus is characterised by the lack of contraction coordination in the course of the sexual cycle with particular attention to this property in the midcycle. Regularly coordinated contractions have been recorded in the period of menstrual bleeding only. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that there is a close relation between the quality of the contractile activity and perfusion pressure in the vascular bed of the isolated human uterus, i.e. contractions with a small amplitude (4 to 8 mmHg) have as a rule no influence on the perfusion pressure whereas contractions with a higher amplitude (over 15 mHg) influence very distinctly the perfusion pressure in the vascular bed of the isolated human uterus. Obtained results have been discussed with reference to the physiology of the contractile activity basic processes of the nonpregnant human uterus.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experimental model of orthotopic uterus transplantation in the laboratory rat].

This study develops and standardizes an experimental model of uterus transplantation in the laboratory rat. Twelve orthotropic uterus transplantation were done. Animals were randomized in three groups. Postoperative survival was 100% and 75% at 72 hours. Recipients were euthanased at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours and the grafts were harvested. Patency of the microsurgical anastomoses was 100% at 24 hours, 63% at 48 hours and 0% at 72 hours. The explanted uterine grafts were fixed in formalize and analyzed under light microscopy. The acute allograft rejection starts during the second day after transplantation. In additional dissection, anatomy of the pelvic region with regard to the topography of the uterus, tube and ovarian vessels was studied. This model of uterus transplantation in rats proposes a standardized tool for further research regarding cellular mechanisms of the acute allograft rejection and, for future, pregnancy of the transplanted uterus.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

In vitro study of rat uterus after chronic formaldehyde exposure.

To measure cholinergic, adrenergic and tryptaminergic receptor activity of formaldehyde (HCHO) in rat uterus, albino rats were treated with 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip HCHO for 30 days. Acetylcholine (ACh) in doses 1.33, 2 and 3 micrograms/ml produced mild to moderate contraction of isolated rat uterus in control group. HCHO had no effect on isolated rat uterus per se, however it reduced ACh and carbachol induced contraction and presence of adrenaline influences in respect of ACh and carbachol activity. Adrenaline per se had no effect in control preparations, but reduced carbachol induced contraction. Propranolol had no effect on rat uterus; but its presence in the bathing medium increased activity of adrenaline. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) had no effect of its own on isolated rat uterus but its presence in the bathing medium enhanced contractions of carbachol and oxytocin.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Preliminary results of orthotopic en bloc uterus and ovary transplantation in the laboratory rat.

A new experimental model of whole uterus and ovary transplantation in the laboratory rat was achieved. The main goals of this study were concerned with developing and standardizing the microsurgical technique of uterus transplantation in rats and observing the particular cellular patterns of acute allograft rejection at the level of the transplanted graft. Thirty-five orthotopic uterus transplantations were performed. An additional 20 female rats were used for dissection training sessions. Recipients were euthanasied at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. Immediate postoperative survival was 100%. Patency of the microsurgical anastomoses, checked at 24 hours, was 100%. At 72 hours thrombosis occurred in all anastomoses. The explanted uterine grafts were fixed in formaline and analyzed under light microscopy and specific imunohistochemical analysis. The acute allograft rejection has a particular cellular reaction pattern, probably due to the unique diversity of the tissues that compose it. Inflammatory cells like LTCD8+, LBCD20+ and mastocytes tend to agglomerate in the vicinity of nervous and vascular structures, showing no signs of lymphoid tissue disposition like in typical acute rejection. Uterus transplantation in rats has proven to be a valid experiment that allows us to express hope that by further research on transplantation of the uterus gynecologists will be able to introduce an adapted technique in the treatment of specific cases of human female infertility.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2003

[Effects of extracts of root of kudzu vine on mammary gland and uterus development in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of extracts of root of kudzu vine on mammary gland and uterus development in rats. METHOD: 40 Wistar rats weighting 65-85 g were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, estrogen group, extracts of root of kudzu vine group of high dose, extracts of root of kudzu vine group of low dose. (10 rats in each group). After having been treated for 7 days, the rats were killed; mammary glands and uterus were removed and weighed. Serum was isolated and kept at 4 degrees C for determination of hormones. RESULT: 1. Administration of the root of kudzu vine significantly increased the weigh of mammary gland and uterus in rats. 2. Administration of the root of kudzu vine increased serum FSH, LH, E2 and decreased PRL. CONCLUSION: Extracts of root of kudzu vine could enhance the weight of mammary gland and uterus growth in rats, which may provide experimental evidence for the development of new drug used for promoting mammary gland and uterus.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Incarceration of a retroflexed, gravid uterus from severe uterine prolapse: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Acute urinary retention as a result of incarceration of a retroflexed, gravid uterus is a known phenomenon. However, prolapse as a risk factor has not been previously described. CASE: A 40-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 2, with an intrauterine gestation of 19 weeks presented to the emergency room complaining of inability to void for the previous 12 hours and difficulty voiding and constipation for the previous 6 weeks. She had a history significant for stage III uterine prolapse in early pregnancy. Foley catheterization yielded 800 mL of urine, and an examination revealed a retroflexed uterus. The cervix was displaced anteriorly behind the pubic symphysis. Ultrasound confirmed these findings and the presence of a viable gestation. The uterus was successfully manually displaced under epidural anesthesia. The patient was able to void without difficulty after uterine displacement. CONCLUSION: Incarceration of a retroflexed uterus should be considered in the differential diagnosis in any woman who presents with voiding difficulty in the late first or second trimester. Uterine prolapse is a risk factor for incarceration of a retroflexed uterus. Epidural anesthesia should be considered for a patient if manual uterine displacement cannot be performed successfully without anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Hormone regulation of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in mouse uterus].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of estrogen and progesterone on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFR) in mouse uterus. METHODS: 3-week-old immature female mice were randomly divided into 7 groups and treated with corn oil, estradiol (E2) of 1.5, 3.0, 10, 25 ng, progesterone (P) of 100 microg and (E2 10 ng + P 100 microg)/mouse, respectively. After the treatment for 48 h, mouse uterus was collected to isolate total RNA. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of mRNA isoforms of VEGF and its receptors in mouse uterus. RESULTS: Compared with control, both E2 and P significantly increased the expression of VEGF164 and VEGF120 mRNA in mouse uterus. The expression of VEGFR2 mRNA, not VEGF1 mRNA, was decreased by E2 treatment in a dose-independent manner. CONCLUSION: Both estradiol and progesterone up-regulated the expression of VEGF, but estradiol down-regulated the expression of VEGFR2 in mouse uterus.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The ultrastructure of the gravid uterus of Brugia pahangi, another rich source of antigen of the filarial parasite.

The gravid uterus with zygotes and microfilariae in utero of Brugia pahangi, a rich source of antigen as revealed by a recent immunofluorescent technique, were studied ultrastructurally. The epithelial cells of uterus show ultrastructural features of synthetically active cells. Their secretions may provide nutrients for the egg in utero. On the basal side, the uterine epithelial cells may also secrete substances to form the basal lamina of the uterus which is rather thick and irregularly fused with the basal lamina lining the body wall where the pseudocoelomic cavity is obliterated. For the most part, the uterine basal lamina contains uniform granular material of moderate electron density. There are also elongated visceral muscle cells embeded in it, and which surround the uterus, with adjacent cells overlapping. The gravid uterus contains several stages of developing microfilariae within its lumen, the cleaving zygotes are also present at another level. The morula of zygotes are composed of several closely packed cells surrounded loosely by their own egg shell membranes. The egg shell becomes more convoluted as development proceeds. The egg shell surrounding the developing microfilariae in utero is secreted by the uterine epithelium. This structure later becomes the sheath of circulating microfilariae, and is highly antigenic as indicated by intense labeling with fluorescent antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Morphology of the uterus of Ascaris lumbricoides in the region where fertilization and formation of egg-shell occur.

Morphology of the female reproductive system of Ascaris lumbricoides L. was studied in the region starting with the junction between the oviduct and the uterus (O-U) up to the junction of both uterine branches into the vagina with regard to the process of fertilization and formation of egg-shells. In the O-U junction morphology differed in two following sections: a continuous simple squamous up to simple cuboidal epithelium, and simple cuboidal up to columnar epithelium with broad intercellular spaces leading into the lumen of the tubular reproductive organ filled with sperm. The area in the O-U junction zone was found where the wall of the organ was formed by elongated club-shaped cells attached to the common basal lamina by a narrow pedicle. Intercellular spaces thus formed "crypts" which was covered with dilated parts of cells towards the tubular lumen. Crypts were found to be filled with sperm. This area resembles the structure known as the receptaculum seminis where the stored sperm survive. Epithelial cells of the uterus are of cuboidal up to columnar shape with signs of merocrine secretion. In the distal part of the uterus the secretory active cells probably produce viscous secreta allowing the transfer of the eggs towards the vagina. The cells of the uterus wall are elongated and because of their longer axis, they are orientated longitudinally. In centripetal parts, the cell walls do not have contact with each other and form elongated, deep furrows ("canyons") through which the sperm can run against the flow of uterus content up to the junction of the O-U, where they are stored in the spermatheca-like structure. At any time they are disposal for fertilization.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cocaine blocks extraneuronal uptake of norepinephrine by the pregnant human uterus.

Premature labor is one of the most common complications associated with cocaine abuse during pregnancy. Still, the effect of cocaine on the pregnant uterus is largely unknown. Although inhibition of neuronal uptake is the most important effect of cocaine in most tissues, after mid-pregnancy, the uterus has few functioning adrenergic nerve endings. To determine whether cocaine has any effect on uptake during pregnancy, we evaluated the ability of the term pregnant human uterus to take up [3H]-norepinephrine (9 x 10(-8) mol/L) and the ability of cocaine (10(-6)-10(-8) mol/L) to block this uptake. Because d-propranolol has been shown to block the direct effects of cocaine on the pregnant rabbit uterus, we also evaluated the ability of d-propranolol (2 x 10(-6) mol/L) to block the effect of cocaine on catecholamine uptake. The ability of the Uptake 2 inhibitor hydrocortisone (2 x 10(-5) mol/L) to block catecholamine uptake was also studied. We found that [3H]-norepinephrine was taken up by both the pregnant myometrium and endometrium, and that cocaine blocked this uptake by up to 55% at concentrations as low as 10(-7) mol/L. D-propranolol had no effect on the ability of cocaine to block catecholamine uptake. Hydrocortisone blocked uptake by the endometrium by 15% but did not block uptake by the myometrium. We conclude that the pregnant human uterus at term retains the ability to take up catecholamines and that cocaine blocks this extraneuronal uptake. This may explain, in part, the association of cocaine use with premature labor.

Cocaine↗
PubMed1988

[Studies of the course of the postpartum period in Polish Merino sheep.I. Macromorphological studies of the ovary and uterus].

The aim of the conducted research was to establish postpartum oestrous cycles and approximate data for mating Polish Merino sheep. 34 sheep were examined. During sheep laparotomy observations of ovaries and uterus were made on definite days of the postpartum period (1-78). It was stated that after about one-week of postpartum inactivity, the growth and development of follicles occurred in ovaries. First ovulations were noticed from the 15th to 18th day of postpartum, while processes connected with uterus involution were not completed. From the 14th to 18th day of postpartum, casting off of pregnant tissues from caruncules' surfaces into uterus cavity occurred. In the majority of sheep, regeneration of caruncules and purification of uterus cavity were completed by the 30th day of postpartum. The observed compatibility of the phases of ovary cycle with macromorphologically determined functional state of uterus after 30 days of postpartum, in the majority of tested sheep, suggests possibility of successful mating of Polish Merino sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Abdominal reposition of puerperally inverted uterus (author's transl)].

Inversion of uterus in puerperium is an extremely rare case and always accompanied by severe shock. To the obstetrician such event is almost always unexpected and calls for immediate decision and action. Dry manual reposition usually is impossible for tough inversion pressure, while severe disadvantages are implied in vaginal surgery with incision of the anterior and posterior walls of the uterus. Therefore, an abdominal method is recommended by the author, leaning on Huntington's technique. First, the shock is brought under control. Then the inverted uterus is levered out of the inversion funnel to complete reversion, step by step, with a pair of bullet forceps inserted after each step, four altogether. The uterus of two cases was completely reversed by means of that simple method in 30 minutes only. Even the most careful and vigilant obstetrician may find himself trapped in such rare situation of spontaneous uterus inversion due to the constitution of a particular patient. The procedure suggested in this paper, therefore, may be an approach practicable even in smaller and less equipped hospitals, when it comes to the need for immediate remedial action to cope with that most dangerous complication.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of median raphe nucleus electrocoagulation and serotonin synthesis blockade on oestrogen receptor content of rat uterus.

The number of oestrogen receptors (OR) in rat uterus changes in relation to the cyclic function of the ovary. In the dioestrus phase the OR content of rat uterus is significantly greater than in the oestrus phase. Electrocoagulation of the median raphe nucleus causing in rats increased release of gonadotrophins and consequent disturbances in the cyclic ovarian function is associated also with changes in OR content of the uterus. These changes are, however, not analogous to those observed in the normal sexual cycle. In the oestrus phase a very high accumulation of OR is found in the uterus, while in the dioestrus phase OR are barely detectable. Serotonin synthesis blockade with p-CPA, which is associated with an increase in the number of maturating and mature follicles in the ovary and dioestrus phase prolongation leads to a striking increase in the number of OR in the uterus.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Development of smooth muscle in the human fetal uterus: an ultrastructural study.

Prenatal development of uterine smooth muscle was studied by light and electron microscopy in specimens obtained from ten human fetuses between 12 and 40 weeks gestation. Light microscopical observation of transverse sections of the body of the uterus revealed that the outer, subserosal layer of elongated cells was distinguishable from 14 weeks. This layer was more cellular than the inner layer and increased its thickness with advancing age. Ultrastructurally, the mesenchymal cells of the uterus did not contain myofilaments until 16 weeks. At 18 weeks, however, spindle shaped cells in the outer layer had a few filaments with dense bodies and well developed organelles and were identified as immature smooth muscle cells. By 31 weeks, the cells in this layer developed into almost mature smooth muscle cells, which contained abundant cytoplasmic filaments, dense plaques and surface vesicles along the cell membrane, and an external lamina. Therefore, in the human fetal uterus, smooth muscle differentiation begins at about 18 weeks and myometrium is formed in the outer layer of the wall by 31 weeks gestation. In the inner layer of the uterus that corresponds to the endometrial stroma, in addition to fibroblast-like cells, there were cells with plump cytoplasm which contained well developed granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and which were identified around blood vessels by 26 weeks. These features resembled those of predecidual cells, and suggested the influence of sex steroids on the human fetal uterus.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1983

[Results of the ruptured pregnant uterus at Kinshasa University Clinics. Apropos of 24 cases from 1973 to 1980].

Rupture of a pregnant uterus is still a dramatic occurrence in Africa and is particularly serious for the newborn. All the same, scrupulous observation in high-risk pregnancies in the labour ward, which is the best place for the uterus to rupture if it must, can lead to a lessening of the chances of this occurring and even to eliminating this serious obstetric complication. 48,685 deliveries occurred in the university clinics of Kinshasa (Zaïre) in the 8 years between 1 January 1973 and 21 December 1980. There were 24 cases of ruptured uterus diagnosed. Before delivery the clinical signs were found in 15 cases; out of which the Bandl-Frommel ring occurred 7 times, vaginal bleeding and the fetus palpable under the abdominal skin 4 times. Very heavy vaginal bleeding was the clue to the diagnosis in 9 cases discovered after delivery. There were 15 cases of complete rupture, 9 of which occurred in healthy uteruses. More frequently, however (13 out of 24 cases) a scarred uterus was the site and partial rupture occurred in 7 out of 9 cases. In these 8 years the yearly increase in the number of deliveries was 738. The prognosis for the mother and fetus improved. They dropped to 4.16%, or 1 maternal death, and 46% or 11 fetal deaths, whereas they had been previously 14.2% and 50% in the years between 1 January 1967 and 31 July 1972. Depending mainly on pre-, intra, and postoperative resuscitation, surgical treatment consisted of repairing the rupture (17 cases or 70.83%) and in carrying out hysterectomy in 7 cases (29.16%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Angiotensin II induced release of prostaglandins from rat uterus.

The effect of Angiotensin II (A-II) on 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and prostaglandin F (PGF) production by the rat uterus was studied using a novel superfusion technique. The method of superfusion used allows prostaglandin synthesis in the myometrium and endometrium to be measured independently while their anatomical relationship is undisturbed. Prostaglandins were measured by radioimmunoassay. In uterine horns from castrated, estrogen treated rats, A-II (10(-6)M) stimulated the production rate of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the myometrium nd PGF in the endometrium. Sterile horns and pregnant horns coexisting in the same animals showed different responses when superfused with culture medium containing A-II (10(-6)M). In the sterile horns A-II failed to stimulate prostaglandin synthesis whereas in the pregnant horns there was a significant increase in the production rate of both 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGF in the decidua (endometrium) and of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the myometrium. Our results suggests that the effect of A-II on prostaglandin synthesis by the rat uterus appears to be dependent of the hormonal milieu of the experimental animal. Estrogen stimulated A-II induced PG synthesis. Progesterone inhibited the synthesis of PGs caused by A-II in non-decidualized uterus but stimulated the release of PG in the decidualized uterus. The apparent differential effect of A-II in stimulating prostaglandin synthesis in the whole uterus indicates that there are different pathways for prostaglandin production in both the endometrium and myometrium.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1984

The influence of age on the distribution and activity of histamine receptors in the rat uterus.

In immature rat uterus histamine (10(-6) mol.l-1) potentiates by 25%, the carbachol (2 x 10(-6) mol.l-1) induced uterine contractions. This potentiation is abolished by mepyramine (6 x 10(-9) mol.l-1), an H1-receptor antagonist. Higher concentrations of histamine, up to 10(-4) mol.l-1, did not exert any inhibitory effect on carbachol-induced uterine contractions. In mature rat uterus carbachol-induced contractions are inhibited by histamine by about 25%. This inhibitory effect of histamine is significantly enhanced by mepyramine by about 50%. Inhibitory effects of higher concentrations of histamine, up to 10(-4) mol.l-1, are not enhanced by mepyramine. Cimetidine (4 x 10(-4) mol.l-1), an H2-receptor antagonist, abolished the inhibitory effects of histamine on carbachol-induced uterine contractions. In conclusion, in immature rat uterus there exists only H1 histamine receptors, activation of which exert an excitatory effect. In mature rat uterus there exists both H1 and H2 histamine receptors. The relaxant effect of histamine on mature rat uterus is exerted by activation of H2-receptors which predominate.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

[Adrenergic innervation and norepinephrine content in postnatal rat uterus].

Using fluorescent histochemical method and high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector, we investigated adrenergic innervation and norepinephrine content in the rat uterus in the process of the growth. The adrenergic nerve terminals in the rat uterus developed with age and reached to adult level at 7 weeks of age after birth, although the short adrenergic ganglionic cells and small intense fluorescent cells were present even at birth. Norepinephrine content per organ also increased with age and reached to adult level at 10 weeks of age after birth, while NE content per gram wet tissue weight had a peak in 3-day-old rat uterus. These morphological and biochemical data revealed that the sympathetic nervous system in rat uterus matures in 7 to 10 weeks after birth, while the short adrenergic nervous system is accomplished in earlier stage. The maturation of adrenergic innervation in the uterus was considerably later than in the other organs of rat and developed with the sexual maturation.

Adrenergic Fibers↗