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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The effect of inferior turbinate outfracture on nasal resistance to airflow in vasomotor rhinitis assessed by rhinomanometry.

Twenty-eight patients with nasal obstruction due to vasomotor rhinitis were assessed using anterior rhinomanometry before and six weeks after the operation of out-fracture and amputation of the posterior ends of the inferior turbinates. It was found that the operation did not significantly improve the nasal airway. Though just over half the patients had an objective improvement in nasal airflow, only half of this group reported a subjective improvement in their symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Middle turbinate osteoma; an unusual cause of nasal obstruction.

Osteomas are common benign tumours of the paranasal sinuses, but are usually asymptomatic and found as a coincidental finding during routine radiological investigations. We present a case report of a patient with an isolated osteoma of the middle turbinate presenting with unilateral nasal obstruction which required removal via a lateral rhinotomy approach. The aetiology, pathology and presenting features of these tumours are reviewed and their subsequent management discussed. In particular, adequate pre-operative radiological assessment to determine involvement of the cribriform plate region by computerized axial tomography (CAT Scanning) is emphasized since this may indicate the need for a cranio-facial surgical approach rather than a lateral rhinotomy to achieve complete removal.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A new cryoprobe with advantages in turbinate freezing.

Freezing of the turbinates has an established role in the relief of nasal obstruction in the conditions of vasomotor and allergic rhinitis. However, present designs are limited in being bulky to use. By application of cryosurgical principles a probe has been designed which is only 2 mm. wide compared with 6 mm. of a standard probe (5N13) and which freezes as well as the standard probe in-vitro and in-vivo.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Vascular leiomyoma of the inferior turbinate--report of a case and review of the literature.

Leiomyoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses is rare. It constitutes about 1 per cent of all benign tumours. This is due to the paucity of smooth muscle in the nose. In this paper, the authors present one case of vascular leiomyoma which arose in the inferior turbinate in a 64-year-old lady. It was treated by partial turbinectomy with the relief of her symptoms of nasal obstruction, epistaxis and facial pain. The English literature on the topic is reviewed.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Calcium alginate fibre (Kaltostat 2) for nasal packing after trimming of turbinates--a pilot study.

Following surgical trimming of the inferior turbinates, 32 nostrils were packed with Calcium alginate fibre (Kaltostat 2 gramme fibre packs 80:20 per cent calcium:sodium) for 36-48 hours to achieve haemostasis. There was no bleeding while the packs were in place or after they were removed. These results were compared with two retrospective groups of patients who had undergone the same surgical procedure but the nostrils had been packed with alternative materials.

Alginates↗
PubMed1991

Mast cell numbers in the mucosa of the inferior turbinate in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis: a light microscopic study.

The number of mast cells in the inferior turbinate from patients with perennial allergy due to house dust mite were compared with ten normal controls. Ten random high powered fields were counted in the epithelium and the submucosa in samples which had been divided into two and fixed either in aqueous formalin or Carnoy's fixative. The sections from each block were stained with either Azure A or Chloroacetate esterase technique. No statistical differences were found. The lack of increase in mast cell numbers was attributed to degranulation since numbers have been shown to be increased in perennial allergy when sections are examined ultrastructurally.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1993

Concho-antropexy or total inferior turbinectomy for hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates? A prospective randomized study.

Twenty-five patients with bilateral nasal obstruction due to hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates were entered into a prospective study to compare the efficacy and the associated complications of total inferior turbinectomy and concho-antropexy. We found no significant statistical difference in the efficacy of these procedures in relieving nasal obstruction and discharge (p > 0.5). Total inferior turbinectomy was associated with more post-operative pain (p < 0.05) and with long-term dryness and crusting (p < 0.05) which were statistically significant. This is the first trial where concho-antropexy and total inferior turbinectomy are compared.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Pyocele of the middle turbinate.

Mucoceles are uncommon and the majority occur in the fronto-ethmoidal complex. We present the first case of a secondarily infected mucocele arising from a concha bullosa of the middle turbinate. It was excised intranasally with complete resolution of symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Endoscopic repair of nasal septal perforation with acellular human dermal allograft and an inferior turbinate flap.

Nasal septal perforations present a distinct challenge to the otolaryngologist and a significant cause of symptoms to affected patients. Many surgical techniques for the repair of septal perforations have been described. Connective tissue autografts are commonly used as interpositional grafts between the septal flaps. Recently acellular human dermal allograft has been used with success. In total, 17 patients with symptomatic anterior nasal septal perforations that had failed conservative treatment underwent a closed endoscopic repair of their perforations with acellular human dermal allograft (alloderm) and an anteriorly based inferior turbinate flap; 13 patients had a successful closure of the perforation, two patients, despite initial success, re-perforated as a result of persistent crust picking and, in two patients, the graft failed. With appropriate patient selection and stringent postoperative care the authors consider this technique offers a good surgical outcome for the closure of septal perforations.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Ultrastructure of submucosal glands in human anterior middle nasal turbinates.

The abundant glands situated in the lamina propria of the human anterior middle nasal turbinate were complex tubules that consist of serous, seromucous, and mucous cells, either singly or in combination. Serous granules were homogeneously dense, but could have a small lighter core. Seromucous granules had a dense rim and a large compartment of appreciably lighter density. Gradation between serous and seromucous granules made precise identification of these secretory cell types difficult. Mucous cells were of conventional morphology. The secretory tubules, which possessed a complement of myoepithelial cells, gradually transformed into ducts or the changeover was relatively sudden. The ductular portions of the tubules consisted either of tall prismatic cells or of shorter columnar cells, both of which lacked secretory granules, but had many mitochondria in their supranuclear cytoplasm. In many cases the ducts, for most of their length, consisted of secretory cells. These glands clearly participate in the elaboration of the glycoconjugate coat that serves to protect the nasal mucosa and keeps it from drying out.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Detection of progesterone receptors in connective tissue cells of the lower nasal turbinates in women].

BACKGROUND: The syndrome of the Rhinopathia gravidarum has been frequently discussed in the literature, but the etiology is yet unknown. An increase of oestrogen and progesterone concentration is said to contribute to the pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to localize estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) in the nasal mucosa of women and to compare the localization with the distribution of mast cells (MC). The patients' medical history was obtained with special emphasis on nasal symptoms during pregnancy, the menstrual cycle, or with the use of oral contraceptives. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin sections (nasal mucosa, inferior turbinate of 40 women) with monoclonal antibodies against ER, PgR, and mast cell tryptase. RESULTS: PgR-positive cells were found in fibroblasts (nuclear staining). The cytoplasmic staining for ER in serous glands and excretory ducts and for PgR in the interstitium of glands is considered nonspecific. The pattern of the receptor distribution was different from the pattern seen in the MC-IHC. No significant statistical results were obtained comparing the patient's medical histories and the immunohistochemical findings. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings possibly indicate a direct influence of progesterone on fibroblasts and therefore on the consistency of the extracellular matrix. Additionally, estrogen and progesterone might cause rhinopathic symptoms indirectly by changing the concentration of neurotransmitters (e.g. substance P, NO) and their receptors.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Regulation of the swelling mechanism in the inferior turbinate of human nasal mucosa].

BACKGROUND: The swelling mechanism of human nasal mucosa is based on a complicated vascular system and regulated by a variety of classical and peptidergic transmitters as well as by endothelial transmitters. The aim of this study was to elucidate this mechanism taking into account the distribution of these substances and the morphology of the different vessels. METHODS: Tissue specimens of human inferior turbinates were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. We used frozen sections to localize enzymes of the transmitter synthesis by histochemical and immunocytochemical methods. The distribution of classical neurotransmitters, neuropeptides (calcitonin-gene-related-peptide, neuropeptide Y, substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide), enzymes producing neuronal NO (neuronal nitric oxide synthase, nicotine-amid-adenine-dinucleotide-phosphate-diaphorase) as well as endothelial transmitters such as endothelin and endothelial nitric oxide were examined. For ultrastructal examination the specimens were fixed in glutaraldehyde und osmium tetroxide, embedded in araldide, cut and double contrasted. RESULTS: Most of the axons and immunoreactivity of transmitters were located in the arterial part of the human nasal vascular system. In venous vessels only a spare innervation was observed, whereas in the subendothelial muscular bolsters of the cushion veins a rich nerve supply could be detected. Near the fenestrated subendothelial and periglandular capillaries no axons were found. Nasal vasculature is supplied by a equilibrated aminergic and cholinergic innervation. Mainly arterial vessels showed reactions to antibodies directed against endothelial transmitters. CONCLUSION: Because of the dense innervation of arteries and subendothelial venous muscular bolsters we conclude that the swelling mechanism of human nasal mucosa is mainly regulated by these structures. A dual (endothelial and neuronal) control exists in arterioles whereas the control in the subendothelial muscular swellings of the cushion veins appears to be mainly neuronal. The swelling of the nasal mucosa is achieved by an simultaneous relaxation of all smooth muscle cells, which leads to dilatation of arteries as well as venous sinuses. The drainage of the vascular bed is reduced by the venous muscular bolsters protruding into the lumen of the venous sinuses. Vice versa, a contraction of all smooth muscle cells leads to a contraction of the arteries and, consecutively, to a reduction of blood supply. Simultaneously the muscular bolsters are torn out of the lumen of venous sinusoids allowing blood drainage to be increased: nasal concha decongests.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed2002

[The inferior turbinate: dysregulation and surgical reduction].

Nasal obstruction may be caused by individual anatomy, a dysregulation of the nasal mucosa or, frequently, a combination of both. Persistent allergic inflammation deserves special attention, as initial therapy should not be surgical. The plethora of surgical techniques for the reduction of inferior turbinate volume is a good indicator of unresolved controversies regarding the ideal technique. This review analyses our current knowledge about success and complication rates of different surgical techniques. Many of these techniques have a distinct pro and contra-profile which is acceptable for both the patient and the surgeon. This is a good starting point for randomised clinical trials. The definition of the anterior turbinoplasty as a gold-standard for future trials is proposed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1994

[Site-specific, structural and ultrastructural characteristics of endonasal cavernous tissue exemplified by the inferior turbinate in man. Light and transmission electron microscopy study].

The cavernous tissue of the nose has been studied morphologically for now more than 150 years. Even though the majority of new findings was already described in the second half of the last century and is associated with scientists like Kölliker, Kohlrausch and Zuckerkandl. The vascular structures, usually described as "cavernous tissue" or "swell bodies" are located in different parts of the nasal mucosa, but mainly in the inferior turbinate. In the present paper the author demonstrates the results of his studies on the structure and ultrastructure of smooth muscle components of nasal swell bodies based on light - and transmission-electron microscopic findings. Light microscopic observations already reveal the differences in vascular wall structure between areas adjacent to the epithelium and those parts of the vessels located in the deeper parts of the tunica propria. Ultrastructural examination shows differences in size and density of smooth muscle cells in different parts of the cavernous tissue; it also demonstrates the variant appearance of the basal lamina of these muscle cells. The results are discussed and compared with the appropriate literature.

Endothelium, Vascular↗
PubMed1995

[Immunohistochemical studies of the neuroanatomy of the human turbinates: innervation pattern of seromucous glands].

Seromucous glands are among the main components of human nasal mucosa. To control the different physiological functions of these glands, a dense nerval network is necessary. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the general innervation of the seromucous glands in nasal mucosa. Tissue samples of inferior human turbinates were fixed and embedded in paraffin wax or frozen. Serial sections were performed and incubated with antibodies either to neuron-specific enolase (NSE) or S-100 protein. The ABC method was employed to demonstrate the immunacomplexes. The sections were counterstained with haemotoxylin. Either NSE and S-100 protein-immunoreactive nerve fibres were found around the acini, ducts and in the connective tissue of the glands. Furthermore, a dense network of fine nerve fibres was detected in the submucosal region. The localisation of neurons in nasal glands confirms the direct nerval control of the diverse glandular functions. Additionally, the sensitive subepithelial network of fine nerve fibres might be involved in the regulation of glandular secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Analysis of particle deposition in the turbinate and olfactory regions using a human nasal computational fluid dynamics model.

The human nasal passages effectively filter particles from inhaled air. This prevents harmful pollutants from reaching susceptible pulmonary airways, but may leave the nasal mucosa vulnerable to potentially injurious effects from inhaled toxicants. This filtering property may also be strategically used for aerosolized nasal drug delivery. The nasal route has recently been considered as a means of delivering systemically acting drugs due to the large absorptive surface area available in close proximity to the nostrils. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of nasal airflow was used with a particle transport and deposition code to predict localized deposition of inhaled particles in human nasal passages. The model geometry was formed from MRI scan tracings of the nasal passages of a healthy adult male. Spherical particles ranging in size from 5 to 50 microm were released from the nostrils. Particle trajectories and deposition sites were calculated in the presence of steady-state inspiratory airflow at volumetric flow rates of 7.5, 15, and 30 L/min. The nasal valve, turbinates, and olfactory region were defined in the CFD model so that particles depositing in these regions could be identified and correlated with their release positions on the nostril surfaces. When plotted against impaction parameter, deposition efficiencies in these regions exhibited maximum values of 53%, 20%, and 3%, respectively. Analysis of preferential deposition patterns and nostril release positions under natural breathing scenarios can be used to determine optimal particle size and flow rate combinations to selectively target drug particles to specific regions of the nose.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1978

Resection of obstructing inferior nasal turbinates.

We report a series of 88 patients in whom 119 obstructing inferior nasal turbinates were resected for airway obstruction, and who have been followed for 3 months to 3 years. The airways were consistently improved and, to date, there have been no undesirable sequelae.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1989

Predicting the outcome of submucosal diathermy to the inferior turbinates.

For many years it has been suggested that the subjective outcome of the operation of submucosal diathermy to the inferior turbinates (SMD) may be predicted by pre-operatively testing the ability of the nasal mucosa to decongest with topical vasoconstrictor agents. This study of 22 patients undergoing SMD, confirms that the pre-operative decongestion produced by xylometazoline is both a good subjective (P less than 0.001) and objective (P less than 0.002) predictor of outcome. If a significant reduction in nasal resistance is achieved by the application of topical decongestants, then the operation of SMD is likely to be effective.

Adult↗