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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Chromosomal rearrangement t(11;22) in extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumour analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using paraffin-embedded tissue.

The clonal chromosomal rearrangement t(11;22) has been reported by karyotypic analysis to be specific for Ewing's sarcoma of bone and soft tissue origin as well as primitive neuroectodermal tumour. In this report, immunohistological analysis of MIC 2 expression and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed using paraffin-embedded tissues. We examined t(11;22) in the nuclei isolated from two Ewing's sarcomas, four primitive neuroectodermal tumours, and three neuroblastomas, which served as negative controls by FISH with an alpha-satellite DNA probe for chromosome 11, a chromosome 22 marker probe, and whole chromosome painting probes for both chromosomes 11 and 22. Both cases of Ewing's sarcoma and the four primitive neuroectodermal tumour specimens were immunoreactive for MIC 2. Both Ewing's sarcomas and three of the four primitive neuroectodermal tumours contained the tumour-specific t(11;22), but the three neuroblastomas did not show this translocation. Based on the cytogenetic results and on the immunohistological investigation of MIC 2 expression, Ewing's sarcoma is suggested to be related closely to primitive neuroectodermal tumour. FISH is a useful aid in determining the tumour type of Ewing's sarcoma and putative related tumours.

12E7 Antigen↗
PubMed2003

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome: two patients with neural tissue tumors.

We present 2 unrelated patients found to have tumors of neural tissue origin, a neurothekeoma and a meningioma, who were additionally diagnosed with the syndrome of Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHDS). We are unaware of previous BHDS patients with neural tissue tumors. In light of recent linkage analysis studies delineating the genetic susceptibility locus for BHDS, we speculate about a possible association between BHDS and neural tissue tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Immunologic and electrophoretic detection of an epidermal chalone-containing complex in tissues of different origin].

The rabbit antiserum to one of the components of the tissue-specific protein complex isolated from the back skin of rats and containing G1- and G2-chalones was obtained. By means of this antiserum an antigen identical to the cutaneous one was found in the mucous membrane of the tongue, oesophagus, prestomach and vagina, in the epidermis of the tail and sole. The cornea, mucous membranes of the urinary bladder and intestine, liver, kidney and blood serum do not contain this antigen. According to data of disc-electrophoresis in 5%-polyacrilamide gel, the 55--81% alcohol extracts of the investigated tissues of the epidermal type, including the cornea and mucous membrane of the urinary bladder, are of similar quantitative and qualitative composition, different from that of tissues of other origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The isoelectric focusing properties of serum alkaline phosphatase in disease and following prednisolone and phenylbutazone administration in the horse.

This study was undertaken to ascertain if the isoelectric focusing pattern of serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) from sick horses with high activity is useful for determining its tissue origin. The effect of oral prednisolone and phenylbutazone therapy on this enzyme in healthy horses was also investigated. The sick horses were divided into three groups: hepatic, intestinal and miscellaneous. All sera had approximately thirteen bands of AP activity when focused on agarose gels with a pH gradient of 3.5 to 9.5. All the horses in the liver disease group had greater than 65% of enzyme activity in bands 3 to 7 (counted from the anode) whereas the other two groups had at least 30% and up to 80% of activity in bands 8 to 13. This was true even in the several cases of primary intestinal disease that had additional biochemical evidence of liver damage. All bands were heat sensitive indicating that little if any AP was of small intestinal or renal origin. Oral prednisolone and phenylbutazone for 20 and 12 days respectively had no affect on serum AP activity or isoelectric pattern. We concluded that the AP in bands 3 to 7 is of liver origin but the origin of bands 8 to 13 remains undetermined although small intestinal or renal origin is unlikely. Isoelectric focusing of serum AP shows promise in differentiating cases of primary from secondary liver disease but further studies are required correlating serum patterns and tissue patterns in animals with diseases.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2001

Epididymal epithelium immortalized by simian virus 40 large T antigen: a model to study epididymal gene expression.

Primary cultures of the differentiated, adult epididymal duct epithelium were immortalized by retroviral transduction with the simian virus (SV)40 large T antigen. The canine epididymis was chosen here as a model with high human relevance, representing a convenient and acceptable source of differentiated epididymal tissue and, compared to other animal models, expressing a relatively large number of gene products which are also expressed by the human epididymis. To determine whether the immortalized canine epididymal (IMCE) cells retained a phenotype comparable to the original tissue, epithelial cytokeratins, various epididymal transcription factors as well as mRNAs encoding abundant epididymal secretory proteins, were studied as molecular markers. All IMCE populations obtained after transduction were of epithelial origin. The nuclear androgen receptor (AR) and the polyoma enhancer activator (PEA3), as well as the epididymal mRNA encoding the canine counterparts of human HE1, HE4 and HE5/CD52 epididymal mRNA, were retained in all populations tested. The majority of tested clones were oestrogen receptor ERalpha-positive, but ERbeta-negative, while one ERalpha-negative cell population was positive for ERbeta. The IMCE populations described thus represent useful permanent tools for studying gene expression of the epididymal duct epithelium, and for other types of experiments, examples including drug effects and toxicity on the epididymis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Establishment of short-term primary human prostate xenografts for the study of prostate biology and cancer.

Human tissue xenograft models are currently the only tool for conducting in vivo analyses of intact human tissue. The goal of the present study was to develop reliable methods for successful generation of short-term primary tissue xenografts from benign and tumor-derived human prostate tissue. Primary human prostate xenografts were established in athymic nu/nu mice from eight of eight benign and five of five prostate cancer tissues, collected from a total of 10 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for the treatment of prostate cancer. An average of 13 xenografts was established per specimen. Two tissue specimens were cryopreserved for >1 month before successful generation of prostate xenografts. After 1 month in vivo, xenograft tissues were harvested and examined regarding: gross evidence of vascularization; tissue morphology; proliferation; apoptosis; and expression of androgen receptor, prostate-specific antigen, and high molecular weight cytokeratins specific for basal cells in the prostate. Direct comparison of the original tissue specimen and the 1-month xenografts revealed similar histology; similar apoptotic and proliferative fractions in most cases; and comparable expression levels and expression patterns of androgen receptor, prostate-specific antigen, and high molecular weight cytokeratins. These data demonstrate that primary human prostate xenografts, benign and malignant, can be established routinely from human prostate tissue surgical specimens, and that the xenografts maintain tissue architecture and expression of key prostatic markers. The development of this methodology, including the technique for cryopreservation of human tissue, will allow multiple (successive) analyses of human prostate tissue to be conducted throughout time using a tissue sample derived from a single patient; and simultaneous analysis of human prostate tissues derived from a cohort of patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Superficial bone resorption: a negative or positive factor in wound healing?

A review of the literature indicates that one of the major elements of the healing pattern after periodontal surgery is the growth of granulation tissue originating from the periphery of the surgical wound, the periodontal ligament, and the underlying bone. In the past, the periosteum has been given great importance in the process of tissue regeneration; in the current study the authors examined the possible results of removal of the periosteum, which would leave bare bone as the only source of tissue regeneration. The review of a previous study involving perforations to the cortical plate to promote communication between marrow spaces and the receptor bed surface indicated the potential of bone regeneration through the endosteum. The purpose of this article was to stimulate studies devoted to a better understanding of bone potential in periodontal regeneration.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1988

What's new in the ultrastructure of tumor invasion in vivo?

An important point emerging from the literature on tumor invasion in vivo is the great variability of nearly all aspects studied. It seems that there is neither one particular morphologic change which renders a cell invasive, nor one particular mechanism by which a cell crosses the boundaries of its original tissue compartment to occupy another. Nevertheless, some general trends are demonstrable. The majority of invasive tumor cells appear to be characterized by prominent surface protrusions, decreased junctional contacts and, in the case of epithelium-derived tumor cells, an incomplete basement membrane. The fact that some tumors can invade foreign tissues without loosing their basement membrane is emphasized. Invasive cells frequently form organized associations with preexistent non-neoplastic cells without damaging them. Apparently, the eventual disappearance of the preexistent cells in most invaded tissues is not necessarily due to a direct action on the part of the tumor cells. It rather seems a secondary phenomenon caused by, e.g., the insertion of invasive tumor cells between the preexistent cells and their original stroma. Very often, this seems to be due to the affinity of malignant cells for basement membranes. In addition, the adhesion of tumor cells to basement membranes frequently seems to determine their pattern of spread through a tissue. A process which may turn out to be a key factor in tumor invasion is desmoplasia, the series of host reactions which creates a new environment for the tumor cells which may favor their survival, proliferation, and locomotion. With the rapid development of new techniques, electron microscopy will probably contribute to the elucidation of the exact nature, the degree of similarity to granulation tissue, and the influence on invasion of desmoplastic tumor stroma.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1997

Patterns of phosphoantigen stimulation of human Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cell clones include Th0 cytokines.

This paper examines functional properties of human Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cell lines and clones generated by in vitro culture with synthetic and natural (mycobacterial) phosphoantigenic molecules. It confirms the broad reactivity of Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cell lines and clones toward phosphoantigens. Optimal recognition of phosphoantigens by Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells required accessory cells to occur, but did not require specialized antigen presenting cells. However, species origin of the APC was irrelevant as proliferation of Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells occurred in the presence of syngeneic, allogeneic or xenogeneic APC and was not restricted to APC of particular tissue origin. Moreover antigen uptake and processing was not required for recognition by Vgamma9/ Vdelta2 cells, as evidenced by the ability of fixed APCs to present phosphoantigens. Similarly, the expression of classical MHC class I and class II molecules was not required for phosphoantigen recognition by gammadelta T cells. However, gammadelta T cell clones responded to stimulation by several cytokines including IL-12, IFNgamma and TNFalpha. Finally, Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cell clones preferentially produced both IFN-gamma and IL-4 in response to PHA or TUBAg stimulation, revealing that a Th0 pattern of cytokine production is frequent among these cells.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1981

Development of quantitative assay for tissue levels of dolichyl phosphate.

A sensitive assay is described for quantitating dolichyl phosphate (Dol-P), the polyprenyl phospholipid which participates in N-linked glycosylation. The assay is based on a novel reaction of alkyl phosphates with phenyl chloroformate in which a monosubstituted mixed anhydride of phosphoric and carbonic acid is formed. Evidence in support of the proposed structure for the derivative includes a phosphate to phenyl ratio of 1, infrared spectra, elemental analysis, behavior during ion-exchange chromatography, and reactivity with primary and secondary amines. A simple, rapid procedure is described for the preparation of [14C]phenyl chloroformate from [14C]phenol; use of the radiolabeled reagent allows assay of Dol-P in the subnanomolar range. The assay was applied to the quantitation of total Dol-P levels in rat liver. Dol-P and Dol-PP and their glycosylated derivatives were extracted with organic solvents and degraded to free Dol-P by acid hydrolysis. Following saponification to hydrolyze contaminating phospholipids, Dol-P was purified by using diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography and derivatized with [14C]phenyl chloroformate. Tracer quantities of [3H]Dol-P were added to the tissue before extraction in order to monitor purification and yield. Double-label counting of the isolated derivative allowed calculation of the level of total Dol-P in the original tissue sample. This procedure yielded values of 2.9 +/- 0.9 nmol of Dol-P/g of rat liver.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Identification of a novel C-terminal variant of beta II spectrin: two isoforms of beta II spectrin have distinct intracellular locations and activities.

It is established that variations in the structure and activities of betaI spectrin are mediated by differential mRNA splicing. The two betaI spectrin splice forms so far identified have either long or short C-terminal regions. Are analogous mechanisms likely to mediate regulation of betaII spectrins? Thus far, only a long form of betaII spectrin is reported in the literature. Five human expressed sequence tags indicated the existence of a short splice variant of betaII spectrin. The occurrence and DNA sequence of the short C-terminal variant was confirmed by analysis of human and rat cDNA. The novel variant lacks a pleckstrin homology domain, and has 28 C-terminal residues not present in the previously recognized longer form. Transcripts of the short C-terminal variant (7.5 and 7. 0 kb) were most abundant in tissues originating from muscle and nervous system. Antibodies raised to a unique sequence of short C-terminal variant recognized 240 kDa polypeptides in cardiac and skeletal muscle and in nervous tissue; in cerebellum and forebrain, additional 270 kDa polypeptides were detected. In rat heart and skeletal muscle, both long and short C-terminal forms of betaII spectrin localized in the region of the Z line. The central region of the sarcomere, coincident with the M line, was selectively labeled with antibodies to the short C-terminal form. In cerebellum, the short form was not detectable in parallel fibers, structures in which the long form was readily detected. In cultured cerebellar granule neurons, the long form was dominant in neurites, with the short form being most abundant in cell bodies. In vitro, the short form was found to lack the binding activity for the axonal protein fodaxin, which characterizes the C-terminal region of the long form. Subcellular fractionation of brain revealed that the short form was scarcely detectable in post-synaptic density preparations, in which the long form was readily detected. We conclude that variation in the structure of the C-terminal regions of betaII spectrin isoforms correlates with their differential intracellular targeting.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed2004

Molecular mechanisms of neural crest induction.

The neural crest is an embryonic cell population that originates at the border between the neural plate and the prospective epidermis. Around the time of neural tube closure, neural crest cells emigrate from the neural tube, migrate along defined paths in the embryo and differentiate into a wealth of derivatives. Most of the craniofacial skeleton, the peripheral nervous system, and the pigment cells of the body originate from neural crest cells. This cell type has important clinical relevance, since many of the most common craniofacial birth defects are a consequence of abnormal neural crest development. Whereas the migration and differentiation of the neural crest have been extensively studied, we are just beginning to understand how this tissue originates. The formation of the neural crest has been described as a classic example of embryonic induction, in which specific tissue interactions and the concerted action of signaling pathways converge to induce a multipotent population of neural crest precursor cells. In this review, we summarize the current status of knowledge on neural crest induction. We place particular emphasis on the signaling molecules and tissue interactions involved, and the relationship between neural crest induction, the formation of the neural plate and neural plate border, and the genes that are upregulated as a consequence of the inductive events.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Clinico-histopathologic correlation of a successful glaucoma pump-shunt implant.

A 64-year-old diabetic man was treated for neovascular glaucoma with a pump-shunt implant (seton) after maximal medical therapy was unsuccessful. The seton, with supplemental agents, maintained the intraocular pressure (IOP) within a therapeutic range for 6 months, until the time of death from cardiac complications. Histopathologic evaluation of the eye showed the inlet of the seton in the periphery of the anterior chamber, not in contact with a coexisting anterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL). There was no fibrosis of the intracameral portion of the device. The tissue tract containing the silicon outlet tube extended from peripheral Descemet's membrane, through the sclera, to exit in the episcleral tissue over the posterior pars plana. Fibrous tissue originating from the episclera encased the external chambers of the seton. The internal contours of the fistulous tract, i.e., that portion adjacent to the seton, were smooth. There was no gross tissue hiatus at the exit port of the seton. The posterior wall of the fibrous capsule surrounding the seton in this region was diaphanous and immediately anterior to an area of cystic tissue comprising an equatorially placed bleb. The bleb was characterized by an irregular internal surface and a cystic cavity crossed by collagenous columns, suggesting it was the sub-Tenon's reservoir of aqueous. The success of the seton in this particular case may be due to a lack of fibrous reaction in the anterior chamber and the establishment of a stable filtering bleb in the equatorial region of the eye.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed2003

Serum CA 125 as a prognostic factor in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) is a glycoprotein expressed in normal tissues originally derived from coelomic epithelia such as peritoneum, pleura, pericardium, fallopian tubes and endometrium. Serum CA 125 levels are elevated in various benign and malignant conditions that involve stimulation of these tissues. Although elevated levels have been reported in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), its role as a prognostic factor remained uncertain. In this study, serum CA 125 levels were measured prospectively in 108 consecutive patients with NHL: at diagnosis in 106, in remission in 39 and at relapse in 7. Levels were elevated in 43% at diagnosis. This finding was associated with advanced disease stage, bulky tumors, bone marrow involvement, extranodal disease (in stages III and IV), occurrence of B symptoms, pleural or peritoneal effusions, high serum LDH levels, high serum beta2 microglobulin (beta2-M) levels, elevated International Prognostic Score, poor performance status and partial or no response to treatment. No difference in CA 125 level was found between the indolent and aggressive lymphomas. Serum CA 125 levels at diagnosis had strong association with event-free and overall survival (p = 0.01 and 0.003, respectively), with the patients with increased levels having worse survival. Patients with high CA 125 levels at diagnosis who achieved remission showed a significant decrease in CA 125 levels in remission. In conclusion, CA 125 is not only a reliable marker for staging and assessing tumor activity in NHL, elevated levels are also predictive of decreased survival.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Molecular detection of MART-1, tyrosinase and MIA in peripheral blood, lymph nodes and metastatic sites of stage III/IV melanoma patients.

Melanoma lesions that develop in the same patient at different times or simultaneously at different locations may differ antigenically, because malignant melanoma is heterogeneous in terms of its biological, immunological and metastatic properties. The objective of this study was to characterize the molecular profiles of melanoma cells in peripheral blood, lymph nodes and metastatic tissues, employing the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of tyrosinase, melanoma-inhibiting activity (MIA) and melanoma antigen recognized by T cells-1 (MART-1) as markers. Samples of cells propagated from metastatic sites were obtained from 17 stage III/IV melanoma patients and assayed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), using specific primers for each marker. In eight patients, marker profiles were analysed in simultaneously obtained specimens of peripheral blood, lymph nodes and metastatic tissues originating from the same patient. Tyrosinase, MIA and MART-1 were expressed in 59%, 76% and 76% of the metastases, respectively. Simultaneously obtained specimens of peripheral blood, lymph nodes and metastatic tissues showed a high degree of homogeneity: 60%, 75% and 20% for tyrosinase, MIA and MART-1, respectively. Our findings suggest that the rather homogeneous expression pattern found in different tumour sites analysed in the same patient is of potential prognostic and therapeutic importance. Furthermore, melanoma lesions may be negative for the expression of antigens such as MART-1, and discrepancies in expression patterns between peripheral blood and metastatic tissues may occur, especially for this marker. Finally, our findings support the notion that molecular screening using an RT-PCR approach is appropriate in this kind of investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Desmoplastic fibroma of bone: radiographic analysis.

Desmoplastic fibroma (DF) of bone is a rare, nonmetastasizing but locally aggressive tumor that has been discussed infrequently in the radiology literature. The radiographs from 107 previously published cases of DF and seven cases from the authors' institution were analyzed to better understand and define its radiographic characteristics. DF was most common in the mandible, pelvis, and femur. A geographic pattern of bone destruction, with a narrow zone of transition and nonsclerotic margins, was seen in 80 (96%) patients with intraosseous DF for whom radiographs were available (83 patients). Internal pseudotrabeculation was seen in 76 (91%). Although widening of the host bone due to gradual apposition of periosteal new bone was common, occurring in 74 (89%) patients, distinct periosteal new bone occurred in only two (2%) patients with DF of intraosseous origin. The cortex was breached in 23 (28%) patients. Three cases of DF arising in the periosteum were identified and were differentiated radiographically from desmoid tumors of intraosseous or soft-tissue origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Periosteal neochondrogenesis for biologically resurfacing joints: its cellular origin.

The purpose of this study was to determine if the hyaline-like cartilage produced in major full-thickness defects of a joint surface, treated by a free periosteal graft and subjected to continuous passive motion (CPM), originated exclusively from the progenitor cells of the cambium of the graft. Free periosteal grafts were raised from the tibia of both hind legs of eight male New Zealand rabbits and transplanted into full-thickness defects across the entire width of the patellar groove of 15 female rabbits. Postoperatively, CPM was instituted and the animals were sacrificed after 3 weeks. Cells from the regenerated tissue were grown from tissue explants and their karyotypes determined. In 33% of the rabbits, all cells contained a Y (male) chromosome, indicating that regenerated tissue originated exclusively from the progenitor cell of the periosteal graft. Karyotypes of the cells from the other 67% were mosaics (both female and male); thus, their cellular origin was from both the periosteal allograft and the pluripotential mesenchymal cells in the subchondral tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effect of stromal and epithelial cells derived from normal and tumorous breast tissue on the proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines in co-culture.

Stromal and epithelial components surrounding neoplastic cells are believed to be important in tumor regulation. We have studied the effects of stromal and epithelial cells on the proliferation of a variety of breast-cancer epithelial cell lines. Co-culture experiments were performed in which the 2 cell types were separated by a microporous membrane. Under these conditions, fibroblasts from normal breast tissues inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, but not that of immortalized normal S2T2 cells. In contrast, fibroblasts from cancerous breast tissues did not influence the proliferation of the 2 cell lines tested. Conditioned media (CM) of breast fibroblasts derived from normal tissues were not able to affect MCF-7 cell growth, suggesting complex paracrine interactions between both cell types. Normal breast epithelial cells (NBEC) have also been tested for their ability to regulate the proliferation of breast-cancer epithelial cell lines. Co-culture experiments demonstrated that NBEC inhibited a variety of breast-cancer cell lines. CM from NBEC induced similar results and the inhibitory effect appeared to be specific for epithelial cells from tumorous breast. Moreover, CM from NBEC and normal fibroblasts were shown to contain more TGF beta 1 and amphiregulin than those of MCF-7 cells. We conclude that both the tissue origin and the target tumor cell's phenotype will determine the extent of proliferative response. More important, the tumor-cell growth inhibition induced by fibroblasts and epithelial cells of normal breast tissue may constitute a tumor-growth-regulatory mechanism.

Actins↗