Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Temperature environment”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Laboratory control of disinfectant effectiveness of sodium dichlorisocyanurate].

The level of active chlorine was determined to reach 59% in the first part of the trial; this corresponds to data asserted by the producer. In the solubility test, the preparation was classified as well-soluble. The determined sodium dichlorisocyanurate dilution coefficient suggests that increasing concentrations of the active substance do not imply any significant reduction of the time needed for exposure, and considering the value of the temperature coefficient (1.166) use can be considered as possible at different temperatures of environment, especially at lower temperature levels. During the effectiveness determinations on tissue carriers, 100% disinfecting effect was achieved at a 0.1% weight concentration per volume after five minutes of exposure against E. coli and Staph. aureus germs. For brief information, theeffectiveness of sodium dichlorisocyanurate on the spores of Bacillus subtilis was also examined. At the concentrations of 0.1% and 1% weight per volume, no favourable result was obtained even after 120 minutes of exposure. When buliding material was used as carriers (metallic sheets, bricks, wood, concrete) the total of 192 smears were prepared. Each of the carriers was adjusted in two positions--horizontal and vertical. 100% effectiveness against the germs of S. aureus was obtained at the concentration of 0.35% active chlorine (0.6% wt. per active chlorine concentration as ls carriers in the Chloramin B comparative test (28% act. chlorine). The comparison of effectiveness on the basis of the same concentrations of active chlorine in both chemicals revealed that sodium dichlorisocyanurate is repeatedly effective at a 0.020% active chlorine concentration. In Chloramin B the active concentration was 0.13% active chlorine.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The relationship of skin temperatures of clothed adults to ambient temperature in a warm environment.

In forty-one apyrexial adult male patients, who were clothed in light-weight cotton pyjamas, mean skin temperature was determined and, simultaneously, ambient temperature and the temperature of air space under clothing were measured. Both mean skin temperature and the temperature of the air space under clothing showed a linear increase with ambient temperature. Heat loss by vapourization of water is known to have a curvilinear relationship to ambient temperature. Application of the temperature relationships obtained in this study to the vapourization curve indicates that clothing shifts the point of sharp upward inflection of the curve to the left; and, if ambient temperature is to be employed to predict the amount of cutaneous water loss in clothed individuals, the extent of this shift must be determined. The data obtained in the present study has been applied to studies of evaporative water loss in Lagos.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Temperature modifications in shantytown environments and thermal discomfort].

OBJECTIVE: To study aspects of the microclimate in a shantytown (favela), in order to understand the influence of the land occupation pattern on its climatic parameters. METHODS: The study was carried out in a shantytown located in the southwestern region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil, between February 19 and July 31, 2003, i.e. covering the whole autumn and parts of the summer and winter. The air temperatures were measured every hour on a microclimate scale, at four points within this densely populated shantytown and, as a control, on a tree-lined street nearby. RESULTS: In the summer, the average hourly temperatures in the shantytown were between 18.5 degrees C and 29.5 degrees C but, away from it, they were 2 degrees C to 3 degrees C lower at the hottest times of the day. In the autumn, the temperatures ranged from 15.5 degrees C to 25.5 degrees C and in the winter, 13.5 degrees C to 25.5 degrees C. The chilliest time in the shantytown was before dawn in the autumn and at 7 a.m. in the winter. The temperature variation was greater inside the shantytown than outside of it. The temperatures were within the comfort range for around 50% of the time. Temperatures below the lower limit (18 degrees C) were more frequent than those above the upper limit (24 degrees C). Temperatures above the upper limit were more frequent in the shantytown than outside of it. CONCLUSIONS: The land occupation is a temperature differentiation factor. In the shantytown, the temperatures were higher during the daytime (by up to 3 degrees C) and lower at nighttime (by 1 degrees C on average). The shantytown environment accentuated the temperature extremes, while the temperatures in the control street were milder.

Brazil↗
PubMed1972

Control of Penicillium martensii development and penicillic acid production by atmospheric gases and temperatures.

The effects of various gaseous environments and temperatures on development of Penicillium martensii NRRL 3612 and production of penicillic acid (PA) were determined. Accumulation of PA in mold-inoculated corn was measured following incubation under air; 20% CO(2), 20% O(2), 60% N(2); 40% CO(2), 20% O(2), 40% N(2); and 60% CO(2), 20% O(2), 20% N(2). Although reduced temperature initially inhibited PA production, at the end of the trial the largest quantity of PA (120 mug/g of corn) was found in air-incubated corn at the lowest test temperature (5 C). Atmospheres enriched with 60% CO(2) reduced PA accumulation below a detectable level at 5 and 10 C after a 4-week incubation period. Spore germination tests were carried out in a liquid growth medium incubated for 16 hr under several test conditions. Germ tube outgrowth at 30 C ranged from 36% in air to 2% in 60% CO(2), whereas no germination was observed in CO(2)-enriched gases at 10 C. When spore respiration rates were measured in air and O(2) in a liquid growth medium, complete removal of CO(2) from the reaction atmosphere did not reduce O(2) uptake.

Air↗
PubMed1989

[The physiologic and physical patterns of blood heat exchange with tissues and the environment].

The temperature of arterial blood flowing to the ear and of venous blood outflowing from the latter was measured initially and under heat load in anesthetized rabbits. The partial calorimeter yielded the values of heat production from the ear (in cal/min). Heating of the animal increased the blood flow and the heat production (4- and 5-fold, resp.), the arterio venous difference remaining practically unaltered (0.8-0.9 degrees C).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Out-of-hospital medication storage temperatures: a review of the literature and directions for the future.

The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) National Formulary prescribes the packaging, storage, and distribution of medications. Most of the medications commonly used by emergency medical services (EMS) are intended for storage at "controlled room temperature." The USP definition of controlled room temperature is multifaceted and complex, and cannot be easily described as a simple range of acceptable temperatures, or even as an average temperature. The out-of-hospital environment is notoriously uncontrolled, and one of the uncontrolled aspects of that environment is temperature. This report reviews and summarizes the past 15 years of published research relating to out-of-hospital medication temperature exposures. Although the evidence is clear that EMS medication storage is not consistent with the USP definition of controlled room temperature, the impact of EMS medication storage on medication stability and potency remains unclear. Further research is needed to determine the true extent of the EMS medication storage problem, and to develop and validate appropriate solutions.

Drug Stability↗
PubMed1987

Enhanced thermolability in anephric rabbits.

Uremic patients tend to have a lower than normal deep-body temperature. In addition, there is a clinical impression that uremic patients are also more thermolabile than healthy people; that is, in a warm environment, body temperature tends to be higher, and in a cold environment, body temperature tends to be lower than in healthy subjects. To test the hypothesis that uremia results in enhanced thermolability, nonoperated control (NO), nephrectomized (NX), and sham-nephrectomized (SHAM) rabbits were subjected to mild cold (5 degrees C) and heat (30 degrees C) stresses. At 48 hours postsurgery, the core temperature of NX rabbits was significantly lower than that of the NO or SHAM rabbits (P less than .01). Exposure to 5 degrees C resulted in a significant fall in body temperature of the NX (from 39.1 degrees C to 38.3 degrees C; P less than .05) rabbits compared to the NO rabbits. There was a tendency for body temperature of the SHAM rabbits to fall, and as a result, there was no significant difference in the change in body temperature between the SHAM and NX rabbits. Exposure to 30 degrees C resulted in virtually no change in the core temperature of the NO or SHAM rabbits, but did result in a significant rise in core temperature of the NX rabbits (P less than .02 and P less than .01 for respective comparisons), as well as a significant increase in mortality rate (P less than .02). Based on these data, we conclude that anephric animals are more thermolabile, and are less able to tolerate exposure to a warm environment, than are normal animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Influence of nicotine on the core temperature response to a novel environment in pregnant rats.

Exposure of a male or nonpregnant female rat to a novel environment, such as a simulated open field, induces a transient increase in core temperature, which is often called stress-induced hyperthermia. Pregnancy alters this response such that the core temperature index increases significantly during exposure to a simulated open field on day 10 but not on days 15 and 20 of gestation in rats. The present experiments were carried to investigate the effect of chronic administration of nicotine (0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 mg.kg-1.24 h-1 for 13-15 days) on the core temperature response to a simulated open field in chronically instrumented pregnant (day 20 or 21 of gestation) and nonpregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. In nonpregnant rats, the core temperature index increased more during exposure to a simulated open field after chronic administration of nicotine at all doses than after chronic administration of vehicle; the core temperature response was not dependent on the dose of nicotine. In pregnant rats, significant increases in core temperature as well as in the core temperature index occurred only during exposure to a simulated open field after chronic administration of nicotine in doses of 2, 4, or 8 mg.kg-1.24 h-1; the core temperature response was dependent on the dose of nicotine. Our data provide evidence that chronic exposure to nicotine enhances the core temperature response to a simulated open field in nonpregnant rats and unmasks a maternal thermogenic response that is not seen to the same stimulus near term of pregnancy. The possible physiological consequences for the fetus are presently unknown and require investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of exposing Drosophila melanogaster parents to ethanol on expression of vestigial in their progeny.

When parental Drosophila melanogaster were chronically exposed at 28 degrees C or 24 degrees C to ethanol during their larval and pupal stages of development, their progeny, produced when parents were 5-16-day-old adults, showed modified expression of vestigial alleles in heterozygous and homozygous combinations. Parental alcohol effects were dependent on parental rearing temperature. We conclude that parental environment (alcohol, temperature) causes heritable but transitory changes in progeny phenotype that are elicited by exposure of germ cells to alcohol.

Alleles↗
PubMed2001

Analysis of seawaters for the recovery of culturable Vibrio parahaemolyticus and some other vibrios.

We investigated the recovery of dormant and injured cells along with the normally culturable cells of Vibrio species with special emphasis on V. parahaemolyticus using both selective and non-selective media at moderate (20 C) and standard (37 C) culture temperatures from a bay water environment. Culture temperatures (20 or 37 C) did not affect the recovery of V. parahaemolyticus but did for other vibrios. We observed similar seasonality of V parahaemolyticus as in most other environmental studies. V. parahaemolyticus and other Vibrio species were recovered in higher numbers by a replica plating method compared to most probable number (MPN) and direct TCBS (thiosulfate citrate bile-salt sucrose) agar counts. Even with the replica plating method, however, vibrios number goes down to a minimum level and V. parahaemolyticus was undetectable during the cool temperature period of the year, although total bacterial cells and CFU on nutrient agar (with 2% NaCl) did not vary so much during the study period.

Colony Count, Microbial↗