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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Spinal cord arteriovenous malformation during pregnancy (author's transl)].

On May 7, 1973, a 23-year-old female, para ii, gravida ii, suddenly developed severe chest pain at 10th month of her pregnancy and soon after became paraplegic with sensory impairment lower than the level of 5th thoracic nerve and urinary incontinence. On May 8, she was admitted to our clinic and 4 days after, labour was induced by Caesarean section. Myodil myelography demonstrated "worm like defects" at the level of Th4-Th5, but sabarachnoid block was not found. Selective spinal angiography showed the image of typical arteriovenous malformation at the level of Th2-Th6. On June 26, about 1.5 months after delivery total removal of arteriovenous malformation (from Th2 to Th6)) was performed by the use of operative microscope. 10 months after operation, the patient could walk with her baby in her arms and no urinary incontinence was seen. We discussed the clinical characteristics and the treatment of spinal cord arteriovenous malformation during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cervical epidural analgesia via a thoracic approach using nerve stimulation guidance in an adult patient undergoing elbow surgery.

OBJECTIVE: This case report describes the placement of a cervical epidural catheter via the thoracic approach, using nerve stimulation, in a patient undergoing elbow surgery. CASE REPORT: An epidural catheter was easily advanced to the C5 dermatome level from the T4-5 interspace, using nerve stimulation guidance. Successful perioperative analgesia was accomplished using an infusion of ropivacaine 0.2% with 0.05 mg/mL morphine at 4 mL/h. CONCLUSIONS: This case report suggests that electrical stimulation may allow one to accurately position epidural catheters in the central neuraxial space to provide reliable, effective analgesia of the upper extremity. This approach might be an alternative way to deliver cervical epidural analgesia for patients undergoing upper extremity surgery.

Amides↗
PubMed1991

Therapeutic techniques to enhance nerve gliding in thoracic outlet syndrome and carpal tunnel syndrome.

By studying capabilities inherent in the nerve proper and carefully considering patient complaints and limitations, the surgeon-therapist team may be able to guide patients through a restorative phase via nerve gliding techniques. Nerve symptoms must be heeded when employing rehabilitation techniques. Rather than encouraging the patient to push beyond nerve pain either proximally or distally, the patient is instructed to perform exercises in positions that enhance nerve gliding in a slow, controlled manner. "Tincture of time" is prescribed as the patient advances to a less symptomatic level of function.

Brachial Plexus↗
PubMed1984

On the organization of the thoracic spinal ganglion and nerve in the rat.

The location of spinal ganglion cells projecting into various thoracic spinal nerve branches in the rat has been investigated using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In addition, total numbers of myelinated and unmyelinated axons in three consecutive pairs of thoracic spinal nerves have been analyzed. The animals were perfused one to 2 days after application of HRP to thoracic spinal nerve branches and several ipsilateral spinal ganglia sectioned and processed for HRP histochemistry. Labeled cells were found in ganglia corresponding to the level of operation, as well as several adjacent rostrally and caudally located ganglia. No somatotopic organization was found within the ganglia, but occasionally a clustering of labeled cells belonging to the same peripheral nerve was observed. Pieces from three consecutive pairs of ventral and dorsal spinal nerve rami were removed from two normal rats and embedded in Vestopal. Semithin sections including the entire cross-sectional area of the rami were used to count the total number of myelinated axons. The number of unmyelinated axons was estimated by sample counting in the electron microscope. The ventral ramus of the spinal nerve contained about twice as many axons and a lower proportion of unmyelinated fibers in comparison with the dorsal ramus. Large differences in the number of axons between the two sides in pairs of spinal nerve rami and entire spinal nerves were found. These differences diminished when comparing the total number of axons from three consecutive rami or nerves on each side.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Thoracic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour mimicking a pleural tumour: a rare pedunculated appearance.

A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) generally occurs in adults and often in patients with neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1). We present a rare case of a huge thoracic MPNST arising from the intercostal nerve in a 12-year-old girl without NF-1. In addition to the unusual occurrence in a child without NF-1, MRI demonstrated a unique pedunculated appearance mimicking a pleural tumour. In this report, we present the CT and MRI findings of our case, together with the histopathological findings, and review previous reports.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Responses in sympathetic nerves of the dog evoked by stimulation of somatic nerves.

Responses in thoracic and renal sympathetic nerves evoked by electrical stimulation of cutaneous and muscle nerves in anaesthetized mongrel dogs were observed. Supramaximal stimulation of cutaneous nerves evoked two responses in both thoracic and renal nerves with latencies in the ranges 58--184 msec and 349--733 msec which are referred to as the early and late responses. It was shown that the early and late responses were evoked by group III and group IV afferent fibres respectively. Stimulation of muscle nerves of the forelimb and the hypoglossal nerve evoked smaller early responses which were considered to be due to activation of group III fibres and which had latencies in the range 92--157 msec. Supramaximal stimulation of muscle nerves in the hind limb failed to evoke any responses in approximately two-thirds of preparations and in the remainder only low level inconsistent early responses were observed. No matter how intense the stimuli applied to muscle nerves there were never any responses which could be related to the activation of group IV fibres.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical correlation of human adrenal nerve fibres and thoracic dorsal root neurons with special reference to substance P.

Applying a double-labelling immunofluorescence technique, six types of substance P-containing nerve fibres were distinguished in the human adrenal gland according to the immunohistochemical colocalization of (I) calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), (II) cholecystokinin, (III) nitric oxide synthase, (IV) dynorphin, (V) somatostatin, and (VI) vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Fibre populations I to IV in their mediator content resembled the respective subpopulations of primary sensory neurons in human thoracic dorsal root ganglia, while populations V and VI revealed no correspondence with dorsal root neurochemical coding. Nerve fibres with the combination substance P/nitric oxide synthase occurred only in the adrenal cortex, whereas all other fibre types were present in both cortex and medulla. As revealed by immuno-electron microscopy, substance P-immunolabelled axon varicosities (a) exhibited synaptic contacts with medullary chromaffin cells or with neuronal dendrites, (b) were directly apposed to cortical steroid cells and (c) were separated from fenestrated capillaries only by the interstitial space. These findings provide immunochemical support for an assumed sensory innervation of the human adrenal gland, and additionally suggest participation of substance P in efferent autonomic pathways. Furthermore, the results are indicative for a differentiated involvement of substance P in the direct and indirect regulation of neuroneuronal and neuroendocrine interactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Histo-cytological features of distal processes concerning the 2 vasopressin-neuropysin-like cells of the migratory locust (author's transl)].

Distal processes of 2 "vasopressin-neurophysin-like" cells are described in the migratory locust. These projection fibers are studied at the level of the thoracic somatic nerves, brain and optic lobes. In the thoracic nerves, projections find their way along non-neurosecretory axons (Fig. 5). They end in swellings under the nerve sheath (Fig. 8). Those swellings show that cord somatic nerves could represent a new releasing site of neurosecretion in insects. At brain level, projections branch towards the optic lobes and end in 2 protocerebral commissures, one of these being the optic commissure (Fig. 1 and 2). In the optic lobes, projections run dorsally and ventrally along the neuropile structures without going inside (Fig. 1). The most important ones end in small swellings (Fig. 3 and 7) near neurosecretory perikarya found among lamina interneurons (Fig. 4 and 6). Brain and optic lobe projections are presumed to receive information from the environment outside by means of the lamina neurosecretory cells. A modulatory action of these projections over the lamina neurosecretory cells and/or over other adjoining neurons has also been considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A novel procedure for mediastinal vagotomy inhibits neurogenic inflammation in rat bronchial tree.

Tachykinin-containing sensory axons originating from the cervical vagal nerves and the first several pairs of thoracic spinal nerves are involved in neurogenic inflammation evoked by capsaicin in the bronchial tree. Unilateral degeneration of the cervical vagal trunk by surgical lesion inhibits neurogenic inflammation in the ipsilateral bronchial airways. The vagal trunk has two main branches, the thoracic vagus nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve in the thorax. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether the thoracic vagus nerve or recurrent laryngeal nerve was significantly involved in the neural control of bronchial inflammation in the rat. A novel and safe surgical procedure was used for selectively cutting the right thoracic vagal trunk, thoracic vagus nerve, or recurrent laryngeal nerve by introducing the surgical instrument through an aperture between the first and second ribs in the ventral wall of the rostral mediastinum. This surgical operation could be completed without causing a pneumothorax. After 2 postoperative weeks, the effects of denervation on capsaicin-induced plasma extravasation in the respiratory tract were tested. Either right thoracic vagal trunk transection or thoracic vagus section significantly decreased plasma extravasation in the right bronchial tree. Thoracic vagus section was obviously more effective. Evans blue extravasation in the right lobar bronchi was reduced by 44-78% after thoracic vagal trunk transection, while that in the right mainstem and lobar bronchi was reduced by 58-81% after thoracic vagus section. Area densities of India ink-labeled leaky blood vessels in the right lobar bronchi were reduced by 40-65% after thoracic vagal trunk transection, and those in the right mainstem and lobar bronchi were reduced by 83-88% after thoracic vagus neurectomy. Recurrent laryngeal neurectomy did not change the plasma extravasation induced by capsaicin in the trachea and bronchi. These results suggest that capsaicin-sensitive fibers running in the vagal trunk, which largely mediated neurogenic inflammation in the bronchial tree, were projected into the thoracic vagus nerve which, in turn, sent these nerve fibers to the ipsilateral bronchial tree. For the trachea, the remaining sensory fibers surviving denervation might provide sufficient tachykinins to trigger neurogenic inflammation.

Animals↗