SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Bone and joint infections can occur as the consequence of a wide variety of systemic diseases. Disseminated fungal and mycobacterial infections, hepatitis, syphilis, gonorrhea, Lyme disease, and AIDS can all have osteoarticular manifestations. A thorough knowledge of the wide range of potential pathogens is key to establishing a correct diagnosis and instituting appropriate treatment.
Kinematic data of the equine hind limb are presented graphically and related to functional aspects of the hind limb in locomotion. The trot of 24 two-year-old Dutch Warmblood horses was recorded at 4 m/s on a high-speed treadmill using kinematic analysis equipment. Joint angle-time, angle-angle, stick and marker diagrams were used to present graphically the data following standardised procedures. As the kinematic data were expressed with reference to the joint angles of the horse standing squarely and were time-standardised to the duration of the stride cycle, mean joint curves for the total group could be calculated and therefore describe the function of the different segments of the equine hind limb. The motion of the hind limb in the sagittal plane appeared to be pendular around a rotation point in the acetabulum. During the stance phase the extension of the fetlock joint and stance flexion of the stifle, tarsal and coffin joints illustrate the shock absorption of the hind limb. In the swing phase the reciprocal apparatus, which forms the coupling mechanism between stifle and tarsal joint, also influences the fetlock joint because synchronous flexion and extension between these 3 joints were demonstrated. By graphically presenting hind limb motion we were able to illustrate the relation between kinematics and function. This graphic analysis can be used in clinical studies involving quantification of equine hind limb coordination in the sagittal plane.
The weightbearing biomechanics of the tarsus with and without subtalar joint arthroereisis was investigated in 11 fresh frozen cadaver specimens using a three-dimensional (3-D) radiowave tracking system. Specimens, consisting of the distal half of the tibia and fibula and the intact ankle and foot, were mounted on a nonmetallic loading frame test system that allowed positioning of the foot to simulate midstance position of gait. The tibia was axially loaded to 756 N (one bodyweight) with 15% of the total load diverted through the fibula. Receiving transducers were attached to the talus, navicular, calcaneus, and cuboid bones. Tarsal movements were monitored as the specimen was loaded with and without subtalar joint arthroereisis. Three-dimensional data sets of osseous positions and orientations were collected and analyzed. Significant rotational differences were detected with and without subtalar joint arthroereisis for all four tarsal bones (p < or = 0.05). Tarsal translational position changes were small and not statistically significant.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
In order to reduce straw input, soft lying mats are used increasingly instead of straw bedding in cubicle systems for dairy cows. This study aimed at comparing different types of soft lying mats with straw bedding regarding cow behaviour and leg injuries. Data were collected on five farms with straw bedding and on 13 farms using four types of soft lying mats consisting of different materials. On each farm, lying behaviour of 10 cows was recorded automatically during 3 days by means of a pneumatically operated resting sensor fitted in a belt. In addition, standing up and lying down behaviour of cows was quantified by direct observations, and all cows on a given farm were checked once for leg injuries.There were no significant differences between cows kept in cubicle systems with soft lying mats and straw bedding regarding the total time spent lying per day and the number of lying bouts per day. Standing up and lying down behaviour also did not differ between cows with access to soft lying mats and straw bedding. Leg injuries were most frequent in the tarsal and carpal joints. Cows kept in cubicle systems with soft lying mats had a significantly higher incidence of both hairless patches more than 2 cm in diameter (P<0.001) and scabs or wounds less than 2 cm in diameter (P<0.001) located in the tarsal joints than cows in cubicle systems with straw bedding. With the carpal joints, on the other hand, the incidence of leg injuries did not differ significantly between these two housing conditions. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that soft lying mats are equivalent to straw bedding in terms of cow behaviour but less favourable with respect to leg injuries located in the tarsal joints.
The objective was to study associations between kinematics and ground reaction forces in the hindlimb of walking horses. Video (60 Hz) and force (2000 Hz) data were gathered for 8 strides from each of 5 sound horses during the walk. Sagittal plane kinematics were measured concurrently with the vertical and longitudinal ground reaction forces. The hindlimb showed rapid loading and braking in the initial 10% stride. The stifle, tarsal and coffin joints flexed and the fetlock joint extended during this period of rapid loading. The vertical ground reaction force showed 2 peaks separated by a dip; this pattern was similar to the fetlock joint angle-time graph. Peaks in the longitudinal ground reaction force did not appear to correspond with kinematic events. Total braking impulse was equal to total propulsive impulse over the entire stride. Flexion and extension of the hip were responsible for protraction and retraction of the entire limb. Maximal protraction occurred shortly before the end of swing and maximal retraction occurred during breakover. During the middle part of stance the tarsal joint extended slowly, while the stifle began to flex when the limb was retracted beyond the midstance position at 28% stride. Flexion cycles of the stifle and tarsal joints were well coordinated during the swing phase to raise the distal limb as it was protracted. The results demonstrate a relationship between limb kinematics and vertical limb loading in the hindlimbs of sound horses. Future studies will elucidate the alterations in response to lameness.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of malalignment in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd tarso-metatarsal joints (Lisfranc joint) in cadaveric specimen and asymptomatic individuals utilizing oblique axial MR images. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Four fresh frozen cadaveric feet were dissected in the oblique axial plane at 5 mm slice thickness. Thirty MR studies in 29 patients who had no history of pain, trauma or surgery at the tarso-metatarsal area were included in our study. The 1st to 3rd tarso-metatarsal joints were evaluated on the MR studies and cadaveric slices by two musculoskeletal radiologists for (1) the presence of a medial and/or lateral step-off and (2) articular surface divergence. RESULTS: In the cadaveric dissections there were lateral step-offs in the 1st ( n=3) and in the 2nd ray ( n=3) respectively. No joint incongruity was evidenced. The MR studies in the patients population depicted 28 step-offs (9 medial, 19 lateral) in the 1st ray, 16 (2 medial, 14 lateral) in the 2nd ray and two in the 3rd ray. Joint incongruity was present in the 2nd ray ( n=6) and in the 3rd ray ( n=12). All the above findings were limited to a few images. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated joint malalignment with otherwise normal findings (no ligamentous injury, no fracture and no bone marrow edema) might reflect normal anatomic features at the tarso-metatarsal joints and must be interpreted carefully.
We present the case of an 11-year-old girl with an accessory ossification centre of the calcaneus with talonavicular and second metatarsocuneiform coalitions, and bilateral os tibiale externum.
The aim of this study was to identify the compensations made when a child with normal motor control ascends and descends stairs while wearing a solid AFO. Ten healthy children were asked to ascend and descend stairs with shoes, right and bilateral AFOs. Repeated measures ANOVA identified differences in selected kinematic parameters. Peak-to-peak excursion of pelvic rotation, pelvic obliquity, and hip ab/adduction increased with AFO use (P<0.05). Mean anterior pelvic tilt increased with AFO use (P<0.05). Compensations at the trunk and the pelvis facilitated limb advancement and clearance. This information may be helpful in developing strategies for training patients with motor planning difficulties.
The authors report on 2 patients who sustained naviculocuneiform dislocations and intercuneiform diastasis, and who were treated with immediate arthrodesis of the midfoot complex. Injury patterns in both cases involved damage to the medial facet of the distal navicular articular surface, separation of the first and second cuneiforms, and an unstable first ray. At the 15- and 18-month follow-up, respectively, both patients attained a stable, solid fusion with maintenance of the medial longitudinal architecture. Both patients returned to their preinjury activity levels with no disability.
Tarso-metatarsal joint injuries do occur in the pediatric age group, and the mechanisms and patterns of injury are similar to the adult variety. Surgical reduction is indicated in those cases with obvious displacement. Unstable reductions are best managed by percutaneous pin fixation across the tarso-metatarsal joint. The short-term results are generally good in spite of extensive disruption at the tarso-metatarsal joint complex. Only a long range follow-up will reveal the realistic results of these injuries.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
A study was designed to evaluate observer variation in the assessment of radiographic deterioration of individual patients using the Larsen grading system. Radiographs of hands and feet of 52 patients were assessed by three observers. Each patient had paired films taken one year apart which were assessed together for change in score. To assess within-observer variation each set of films was read twice by all observers. The average progression was 11.6 (SD 9.0). Analysis of the source of variation showed the single observer replication SD to be 3.7 but that for different observers to be 5.5. This may be interpreted as indicating that to achieve 95% confidence of detecting a true change an increase in Larsen score of 8 is required if the same observer assesses or up to 11 if a different observer assesses.