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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Monitoring respiratory mechanism and gas exchange in patients on respirators (side stream spirometry, capnography, oxigraphy, measurement of anesthetic agent concentration, pulse oximetry)].

Author describes the working principles of the side stream spirometry, capnography, oxygraphy, anaesthetic agent concentration measurement, pulse oximetry, all of them incorporated in a new type of monitor, as well as the informations obtained by using them, concerning lung mechanics and gas exchange. The graphic and digital data, provided by the monitor are visualizing the correlations among the components of lung mechanics and are helping in setting up optimal ventilatory parameters, both during anaesthesia and during ventilation in an intensive care unit. The monitor approaches gas exchange from several aspects, which enhances the judgement of the efficacy of ventilation.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

Spirometry for the primary care physician.

The clinician wishing to employ a spirometer in the office must be aware of the equipment available and the current standards for validating and maintaining such equipment. Indications for spirometry are fairly frequent in general medical practice for both diagnosis, response to therapy, and for risk assessment prior to surgery. The criteria for characterizing a spirogram as normal, obstructive or restrictive, are well defined. The information obtained may be very helpful to point to additional specific diagnostic studies or to outline a specific treatment plan.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1996

[Spirometry and bicycle ergometry in the evaluation of work capacity of coal miners with ischemic heart disease].

The article deals with results obtained in examination covering miners who faced myocardial infarction and assessing their performance. Spirometry and bicycle ergometry appeared to detect changes in aerobic threshold even in the cases when the effort tolerance is not compromised. The materials obtained bring to a conclusion that the miners after myocardial infarction include subjects with lower functional resources and a higher share of those with reserved aerobic capacity. That necessitates more differentiated approach in occupational placement.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Spirometry in general practice: the performance of practice assistants scored by lung function technicians.

Recently, spirometers have become available for use within general practice as an alternative to peak flow meters. This study investigates whether practice assistants, after comprehensive training, can effectively carry out spirometry with patients suffering from asthma and other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. A scoring system, consisting of 20 items, was devised to determine the effectiveness of the assistants' instructions and to assess the patient's subsequent use of the spirometer. About half the instructions and half the patient performance items were considered to be carried out satisfactorily.

Asthma↗
PubMed1996

Normal spirometry in healthy natives of Bhutan.

We performed spirometry on 333 healthy Bhutanese men and women at Thimpu. Prediction equations were derived using age and height as regression coefficients. Age had a significant negative correlation while both height and weight had positive linear correlation with spirometric indices. The relationship of weight with FVC was explained largely on the basis of the "muscularity" effect of weight. Bhutanese have lower ventilatory parameters than the Europeans and the North Indians. The difference is likely to be ethnic in origin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peak flow rate changes in O3 exposed children: spirometry vs miniWright flow meters.

We compared "miniWright" peak flow (mWPF) readings with spirometric peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) in 91 children, aged 8-15, exposed to ambient air at a summer camp in northwestern New Jersey. mWPF measurements immediately preceded spirometry, and mWPF-PEFR differences were regressed on spirometric PEFR by child. The ratio (mWPF-PEFR)/PEFR (mean +/- SE) was -0.027 +/- 0.028 (n = 91) (NS). When subdivided into PEFR ranges, the ratios were: -0.089 +/- 0.060 (n = 17) for 2-<4 Liters/second (Lps) (p = 0.04), -0.019 +/- 0.038 (n = 50) for 4-<6 Lps (NS); and -0.000 +/- 0.044 (n = 24) for 6-<8 Lps (NS). The mWPF values were also regressed on the average ozone (O3) concentration in the previous hour, by child. The mWPF response for O3 was -6.63 +/- 0.76 mL/sec/ppb, compared to -6.78 +/- 0.73 mL/sec/ppb O3 for PEFR. Thus: 1) mWPF, with an overall underestimation of approximately 2%, is a useful surrogate for spirometric values of PEFR (although, for the smallest children studied, it underestimated peak flows by approximately 9%), and 2) the portable miniWright peak flow meter is a convenient and effective tool for characterizing changes in PEFR associated with exposures to ambient O3.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Asthma diagnosis by spirometry. Sensitive or specific?

Spirometry is the recommended first-line investigation for diagnosing asthma, with greater than 15% improvement in FEV1 considered diagnostic. However, evidence suggests a majority of asthmatics may go undetected at 15%, thus a lower diagnostic value may be preferred.

Asthma↗
PubMed1976

Spirometry in the evaluation of pulmonary function.

Spirometry should be more widely used in routine examinations. Equipment should meet the individual physician's or hospital's needs and include either a dependable water-sealed spirometer or an easily calibrated and accurate electronic spirometer. Justifiable concern over the reliability of electronic spirometers has resulted in requests to determine performance standards for these medical devices. Predicted normal standards must apply to the particular spirometer. Recommended tests are those of vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV(1)), the ratio of one-second forced expiratory flow (FEF200-1200) and forced midexpiratory flow (FEF25-75 percent). The maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) test may be useful for evaluation of work disability and detection of extrathoracic obstruction. Additional consideration may be given to measurements of total lung capacity (TLC) to discriminate between restrictive and obstructive impairment and the forced end-expiratory flow (FEF75-85 percent) to detect mild small airway obstruction. At this time, flow-volume curves measurement cannot be justified for routine clinical use.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Can pulse oximetry select patients for screening spirometry?

AIM: To investigate whether the measurement of arterial oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) with pulse oximetry can identify those patients for whom spirometric screening for COPD would be useful, and those patients for whom spirometric assessment would not be useful. METHODS: Two hundred and ten patients, aged over 40, without significant dyspnoea, referred by their primary care physicians to the outpatient pulmonary clinic. The value of SpO(2) was recorded with a finger clip pulse oximeter sensor. Diagnostic values were obtained in order to diagnose COPD (defined as an FEV(1)/FVC ratio <0.70), and in order to detect patients with an FEV(1) <80% of predicted value. RESULTS: With SpO(2) <98%, sensitivity for detecting COPD was 79% and specificity 37%. Similar values were obtained for detecting patients with FEV(1) <80%. When only patients with FEV(1) <50% were considered, using a value of <98% for SpO2, sensitivity was 77%. CONCLUSION: Pulse oximetry is not a useful test for selecting patients for screening spirometry in order to diagnose COPD.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

A pilot study of a mobile spirometry service in primary care.

This evaluation of an inexpensive mobile spirometry service demonstrates how patients with respiratory problems can be diagnosed and referred to appropriate services, with major potential benefits to the patient and the health service.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Continuous spirometry for detection of double-lumen endobronchial tube displacement.

Flow-volume and pressure-volume loops were measured with continuous spirometry in 49 patients in whom the trachea was intubated "blindly" with a double-lumen endobronchial tube for thoracic surgery. Nineteen endobronchial tubes were malpositioned by fibreoptic bronchoscopic criteria; 63% of these were suspected because of the configuration of the spirometric loops. During positioning of the patient and during operation, 34.7% of the endobronchial tubes migrated from the initially correct or corrected position. The secondary displacements were identified by abnormal loop configurations and confirmed with fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Continuous spirometric monitoring is helpful in detecting endobronchial tube displacement during intubation and surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Assessment of density dependent flow-volume parameters in nonsmokers and smokers. Measurement with spirometry, body plethysmography and respiratory inductive plethysmography.

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the density-dependent flow-volume components of the forced vital capacity using simultaneous spirometry, respiratory inductive plethysmography, and body plethysmography in the detection of small airway disease. The forced vital capacity was measured during air, helium-oxygen and sulfur-hexafluoride breathing to provide a range of gas density influences. Combining flow measured at the mouth with volume referenced to change in alveolar gas volume as measured by body or respiratory inductive plethysmography during helium-oxygen breathing accentuated the differences between nonsmokers and smokers because of the variable degree of alveolar gas compression occurring over the second half of FVC. The volume of isoflow obtained when comparing the helium and oxygen mixture to air also effectively separated nonsmokers from smokers. The utilization of the high density gas mixture, sulfur hexafluoride-oxygen during the FVC maneuver did not provide useful diagnostic information. Therefore, density-dependent flow-volume information using helium as a test gas alone or compared to air with a variety of analyses is a good approach to detection of early lung disease in smokers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Electronic spirometry].

Electronic spirometry on the basis of forced expiration and flow-volume-curve possess many advantages for the detection of ventilatory alterations in human lung.

Bronchospirometry↗
PubMed1996

Effect of nebulized fenoterol on spirometry, dyspnea sensation changes during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Airflow limitation impairs exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bronchodilators have been shown to increase exercise tolerance in patients with COPD by mechanisms yet unclarified. We studied the effect of nebulized fenoterol (0.5 mg/ml) on the 6-minute walking test (WT) 60 mins after a control WT using a nebulized saline control in 16 patients with moderate to severe COPD. Before and immediately after each WT, the FEV1, FVC, O2, Saturation and dyspnea score (Borg breathlessness score,[BS]) were measured. Fenoterol had no significant effect on pre-exercise spirometry in our patients but maintained a significantly higher level of FEV1 (0.9 +/- 0.1L, p < 0.0001) and FVC (2.0 +/- 0.2L, p < 0.01) immediately after exercise than that after saline control nebulization (0.7 +/- 0.1L, 1.8 +/- 0.2L, respectively). Fenoterol significantly (p < 0.01) increased walking distance (WD) from 201.3 +/- 22.2m to 238.9 +/- 22.2m, but no difference was found in BS and oxygen saturation. The decline in FEV1 following the WT was shown to have an inverse relationship (r = - 0.74, p < 0.002) with the WD improvement (delta WD). Those who walked farther after fenoterol inhalation felt less dyspnea after exercise, also with an inverse correlation (r = -0.61, p < 0.02). These results suggest that fenoterol may improve exercise capacity by preventing airflow deterioration during exercise in patients with COPD. We also recommend the 6-minute walking test in the routine clinical assessment of COPD patients to evaluate the symptomatic benefit offered by betamimetic bronchodilators.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗