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PubMed1989

Coupling of a proton pump with superoxide radical-superoxide dismutase system in maturing mammalian spermatozoa and its association with sperm motility.

Mammalian spermatozoa possess a membrane-located 'proton pump' which appears to regulate the acquisition and maintenance of their motility. The 'proton pump' seems to be coupled with the superoxide radical-superoxide dismutase system which, when uncoupled, results in total loss of sperm motility. Addition of sulfhydryl-compounds restarts the proton pump and reactivates sperm motility. Cobaltous ions block the membrane sulfhydryl groups and it is proposed that the sulfhydryl groups may be involved in regulating proton secretion and sperm motility.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of saliva on sperm motility and activity.

Infertile couples frequently experience sexual dysfunction during their infertility investigations, including inadequate vaginal lubrication. In a attempt to look for a lubricant that would not impair sperm motility and activity, saliva was added to normal semen from healthy male donors. Saliva induced a "shaking movement" in 12% of the total sperm population incubated with high concentrations of saliva. This phenomenon did not occur with low concentrations of saliva, but sperm motility and progression significantly decreased. The results indicate that saliva has a deleterious effect on sperm motility and activity and should not be encouraged as a vaginal lubricant for the infertile couple.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sperm motility analysis using multi-exposure photography (MEP) before and after in vitro-treatment of the semen.

Different methods and culture media were used on the same semen samples. Ejaculated and treated samples were evaluated by means of multiple exposure photography (MEP) in order to study changes in sperm motility. A statistical analysis of the normal sperm population distribution curve was done with two objectives: (1) evaluating semen improvement after treatment; and (2) finding out whether the post-treatment sample differed from the original one. When variables were analysed in the individual subject, a significant percentage improvement of mean velocity was observed. Only two methods improved the percentage of motile sperm. The influence of treatment and of culture media on sperm responses was also tested and a significant influence of the media was found (Ham F10 showed the best responses). No significant differences between the ejaculated and treated samples were found when mean velocity, percentage of motile sperm, variance population, and kurtosis were analysed, as grouped treatment variables.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1997

Increased fecundity resulting from semen donor selection based upon in vitro sperm motility.

Semen donors were selected from a population of 100 roosters based upon the extent to which sperm penetrated 6% (wt/vol) Accudenz from an overlay of extended semen. Semen donors categorized by average or high sperm motility (n = 5 per phenotype) were ejaculated weekly, their ejaculates pooled by phenotype, and pooled semen extended. A subsample of each sperm suspension was overlaid on 6% (wt/vol) Accudenz in a cuvette, the cuvette was placed in a 41 C water bath, and the absorbance of the Accudenz layer was measured after a 5-min incubation. The remainder of the sperm suspension was inseminated (n = 55 hens per phenotype). Each hen was inseminated weekly with 50 x 10(6) sperm for 14 wk. The hatchability of eggs laid by hens inseminated with sperm from the high motility phenotype was 10% greater (P < or = 0.001) than that of hens inseminated with sperm from the average phenotype. The difference in fecundity was explicable in terms of fertility (P < or = 0.001). A replicate experiment tested the effect of sperm motility as well as insemination dose on fertility. Roosters were treated as above, and hens (n = 41 to 45 per phenotype) were inseminated weekly with 25, 50, or 100 x 10(6) sperm per hen for 3 wk. Two-way ANOVA detected a sperm motility effect (P < or = 0.0001) but did not detect a dose effect (P > or = 0.05) or a motility by dose interaction (P > or = 0.05). A posteriori comparison among means revealed that the maximal fertility obtained with sperm from average roosters was 9% less (P < or = 0.05) than that obtained with only 25% as many sperm from the high motility phenotype. These experiments demonstrated that the fecundity of artificially inseminated hens can be increased when sperm penetration of Accudenz is used as a selection criterion for semen donors.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Purification and characterization of reversible sperm motility inhibitors from porcine seminal plasma.

Two sperm motility inhibitors (SMI1 and SMI2) were purified from porcine seminal plasma with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their molecular weights are about 15,000 as estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Both of them decreased the percentage of motile spermatozoa in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect can be abolished by addition of the porcine follicular fluid. Both SMI1 and SMI2 have similar amino acid composition, suggesting that they may be structurally related. They also have inhibitory effect on chymotrypsin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Column separation of motile sperm from stallion semen.

Subfertility in stallions is common, and methodologies are needed to increase the fertility in these animals. In other species, removal of the dead sperm from semen increases the quality and fertility of semen. With horse semen we evaluated 48 combinations of column separation techniques using micro-spin chromatography columns. The greatest improvement in motility was observed with glass wool, whereas glass beads exhibited the greatest recovery of motile sperm. Although centrifugation time did not influence recovery rate or percent motility, a column length of 2 cm was superior for recovery of motile sperm. In scale-up experiments using 2-cm columns of glass beads in 50-ml syringe barrels, centrifugation proved to be superior to gravity flow, suction, and syringe plunger as extraction methods for drawing semen through the column; however, gravity flow produced acceptable results and may be more suitable for use in a field setting. When the volume of semen for separation was increased from 10 ml to 20 ml, the recovery rate of motile sperm was also increased. Further increasing the volume of semen for separation did not improve the recovery rate, and for volumes greater than 50 ml the column had a tendency to "clog." Thus, a suitable method for column separation of equine sperm utilizes a 2-cm column of glass beads in a 50-ml syringe casing. Centrifugation is the ideal extraction method; however, gravity flow is an acceptable extraction method suited to the field setting, using a maximum semen volume of 50 ml.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effect of total and ionized calcium levels of seminal fluid on sperm motility.

Total and ionized calcium (Ca2+) levels of seminal fluid were assessed in 75 semen samples obtained from infertile patients and fertile patients referred to our clinic with different complaints. Patients who showed only motility disorders on sperm analysis were include into the study program. Forty-five patients showing hypomotility (motility < 60%) and 30 patients with normal motility (motility > or = 60%) on sperm analysis were evaluated comparatively. No significant difference was observed in the seminal fluid concentration of total calcium, regardless of spermatozoa motility immediately after ejaculation. However, the seminal fluid of men with hypomotility exhibited a significantly lower Ca2+ concentration (p < 0.05) when compared with that of men with normal motility. A significant difference was observed in the seminal fluid Ca2+/total calcium rate (p < 0.05) when compared with that of men with normal motility. Further, spermatozoa from men with hypomotility exhibited both a significantly lower progression rate and sperm count. Our study suggests a direct relationship between Ca2+ and sperm motility.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Identification of several proteins involved in regulation of sperm motility by proteomic analysis.

Proteomic technology was used to compare sperm protein expression profiles in asthenozoospermic patients with that of normozoospermic donors and 10 differentially expressed proteins were identified. These proteins may play roles in the regulation of sperm motility, and their characterization could merit further investigation on sperm motility-related male factor infertility.

Asthenozoospermia↗
PubMed1981

erythro-9-[3-(2-Hydroxynonyl)]adenine is an inhibitor of sperm motility that blocks dynein ATPase and protein carboxylmethylase activities.

Protein carboxylmethylase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protein O-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.24.) is believed to be involved in the regulation of sperm motility. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of erythro-9-[3-(2-hydroxynonyl)]adenine (EHNA) which, in combination with adenosine and homocysteine thiolactone, inhibits protein carboxylmethylase activity in monocytes. This group of compounds inhibited sea urchin sperm motility. Unexpectedly, EHNA alone inhibited the motility., This observation was confirmed in intact spermatozoa from rats, rabbits, and humans. EHNA also inhibited the motility of demembranated, reactivated sea urchin and rat spermatozoa from which protein carboxylmethylase had been extracted. In these preparations, motility was restored by ATP. These observations suggested that EHNA arrests sperm motility by inhibiting the axonemal dynein ATPase on which motility depends. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that EHNA produced mixed inhibition of both the axonemal ATPase and the partially purified dynein 1 from sea urchin sperm tails, as well as the axonemal ATPase of rat sperm tails. These observations also provide evidence for the similarity of the active site of the dynein ATPase in sea urchin and rat spermatozoa.

Adenine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of prostaglandins E-1, E-2, F-1a and F-2a on human sperm motility.

Effects of the addition of 100 micrograms each of prostaglandins E1, E2, F1a and F2a were seen on the motility, fructose utilization and total ATPase activity of human spermatozoa. PGE2 enhanced sperm motility and fructose utilization and decreased the whole sperm ATPase activity. While PGE1 had no effect on any of the parameters studied, PGF1a and PGF2a decreased sperm motility to some extent. Fructose utilization was reduced after PGF1a addition only. No change in the activity of ATPase was observed after treatment with F series of prostaglandins.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1983

[Stimulation of limited sperm motility and mucociliary clearance of the lung with theophyllin-ethylendiamin].

The influence of oral aminophylline (Phyllotemp ret., 2 X 225 mg) on the mucociliary clearance of the lung and on sperm motility was examined in 13 patients with asthenospermia vs. placebo because the anatomic structure of the cilia of the sperm cells and of the respiratory epithelium cells is similar. The mucociliary clearance was measured by means of radioactive tagged (99 mTc) monodisperse particles (erythrocytes from the patients). To attain a reproducible deposition pattern, the particles were inhaled during a slow inspiratory vital capacity maneuvre. The i.v. application of aminophylline (6 mg/kg body weight) to four normal subjects increased the mucociliary clearance in three of the four volunteers vs. placebo. The elimination rate of the particles increased under treatment with aminophylline from 29% +/- 12% to 46% +/- 19%, but only in seven of the 13 patients with asthenospermia. Sperm motility increased in all of the patients from 33% +/- 12% to 54% +/- 14%. No correlation was found between the increase in the mucociliary clearance and the sperm motility. The reasons for this difference will be discussed. Theophylline can be recommended for the treatment of male infertility in cases of asthenospermia.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1999

Hyperactivation of hamster sperm motility by temperature-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of an 80-kDa protein.

Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are believed to play key roles in regulation of sperm motility. Here we examine the effect of temperature on hamster sperm motility and protein tyrosine phosphorylation status. As in previous work, a decrease from 37 degrees C to 22 degrees C caused loss of hyperactivated motility. We now find that cooling also produces a dephosphorylation of several 48-80-kDa flagellar peptides. A return to 37 degrees C restored hyperactivation but resulted in rephosphorylation of only an 80-kDa protein. Conversely, hyperactivation and phosphorylation of the 80-kDa component were insensitive to incubation temperature for sperm incubated with the protein phosphatase inhibitor, calyculin A, or for sperm demembranated by detergent extraction. These results strongly indicate that the temperature-sensitive tyrosine phosphorylation status of an 80-kDa sperm flagellar peptide explains the sensitivity of hyperactivation to temperature.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The action of oxytocin on sperm motility. In vitro experiments with bull spermatozoa.

The effect of oxytocin on sperm motility of bull spermatozoa was investigated over a period of 2.5 hours. Measurements were carried out with a Lazymot apparatus, depending on the Laser-Doppler principle. In a concentration of 10 IU/ml, oxytocin was found to significantly increase the percentage of motile spermatozoa and sperm velocity compared with saline controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of the inhibitory action of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and petroleum spirit extract of herbal cannabis on human sperm motility.

1 Using the trans-membrane migration method to measure drug effects on human sperm motility, it is found that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol is the major constituent of cannabis which inhibits sperm motility and unlike the cataleptic effect, other constituents in the petroleum spirit extract do not potentiate this effect significantly. 2 It is suggested that the mechanisms for sperm immobilization and cataleptic effects are different.

Cannabis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of calcium on sperm motility of cauda epididymis in vitro.

Experiments were performed to investigate the effect of calcium on percent motility of cauda epididymal spermatozoa in vitro. Epididymal luminal contents collected by micropuncture were immediately diluted with different concentrations of calcium chloride in KRB buffer. Percent motility was recorded at different time intervals at room temperature. Results revealed that there was an immediate effect of calcium on sperm motility. The maximum motility was attained only on addition of 10(-5)M calcium chloride in the buffer, whereas a higher or lower concentration than the above in the medium was inhibitory. Higher calcium levels maintained the sperm motility for a longer duration with a slow, time-dependent decrease than the lower concentrations where a faster depression in motility occurred. It is concluded that calcium at an appropriate level in the medium is essential for optimal sperm motility.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effect of the total motile sperm count on the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization.

OBJECTIVE: To determine prognostic factors for achieving a pregnancy with intrauterine insemination (IUI) and IVF. To compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of IUI and IVF based on semen analysis results. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Academic university hospital-based infertility center. PATIENT(S): One thousand thirty-nine infertile couples undergoing 3,479 IUI cycles. Four hundred twenty-four infertile couples undergoing 551 IVF cycles. INTERVENTION(S): IUI and IVF treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the significance of prognostic factors including a woman's age, gravidity, duration of infertility, diagnoses, use of ovulation induction, and sperm parameters for predicting the outcomes of clinical pregnancy and live birth rate after the first cycle of IUI and IVF. The relative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these treatments were then determined based on sperm count results. RESULT(S): Female age, gravidity, and use of ovulation induction were all independent factors in predicting pregnancy after IUI. The average total motile sperm count in the ejaculate was also an important factor, with a threshold value of 10 million. For IVF, only female age was an important predictor for both clinical and ongoing pregnancy. When the average total motile sperm count was under 10 million, IVF with ICSI was more cost-effective than IUI in our clinic. CONCLUSION(S): An average total motile sperm count of 10 million may be a useful threshold value for decisions about treating a couple with IUI or IVF.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Protamine gene expression is associated with sperm motility in rams: An integrative experimental and gene network analysis.

Protamine 1 (PRM1) and protamine 2 (PRM2) are essential regulators of sperm chromatin condensation and genome integrity, and their dysregulation has been associated with impaired male fertility. However, their role in rams remains insufficiently characterized. This study investigated the relationship between protamine gene expression and semen quality in rams and explored their potential upstream regulatory mechanisms using gene regulatory network (GRN) analysis. Fifteen ejaculates from five rams were analyzed. Based on total sperm motility using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), ejaculates were classified into a high-motility group (n&#x202f;=&#x202f;8) and a low-motility group (n&#x202f;=&#x202f;7). PRM1 and PRM2 expression levels were quantified by RT-qPCR. Following normality confirmation (p&#x202f;>&#x202f;0.05), parametric tests were applied using the ejaculate as the biological experimental unit. Samples with reduced motility showed significantly lower expression of both protamines (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.01). Moreover, progressive sperm motility was strongly correlated with both PRM1 (r&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.71, p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.019) and PRM2 (r&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.69, p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.03) transcript levels. Cross-species GRN inference using scGeneRAI and a reference human spermatogenesis dataset identified several hypothesis-generating candidate transcription factors, including HMGB4, HMGB1, H2AFZ, NKX6-1, and SMC3, consistently supported across multiple bootstrap resampling runs. These findings demonstrate a strong association between protamine expression and sperm motility in rams. While the identified candidate regulators provide a valuable framework for future species-specific validation, they also highlight promising candidate molecular biomarkers of male fertility in livestock.

Gene regulatory networks↗