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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Frequency of isolation of shigella serogroups/serotypes and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in children from slum areas in Karachi.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency of serogroups and serotypes, as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Shigella species isolated from known cases of diarrhoea and dysentery from Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2002 and March 2003 at Aga Khan University on stool samples received from children with diarrhoea and dysentery from four low socio-economic areas (Sultanabad, Rehri Goth, Hijrat and Sherpao colony) of Karachi. Stool samples yielding growth of Shigella species, were further identified for serotypes by slide agglutination. Antibiotics susceptibility was performed by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. RESULTS: Out of 4688 stool samples received, 193 (4.1%) were positive for Shigella species. Shigella flexneri was the predominant serogroup (58%) followed by Shigella sonnei (16%), Shigella boydii (15%) and Shigella dysentriae being the least common (11%). A number of serotypes were isolated in each serogroup, 8 serotypes in S. flexneri, 8 serotypes in S. dysenteriae, 9 serotypes in S. boydii, and Phase 1 & 2 were found in S. sonnei. 17% isolates remained non-serotypeable. All isolates were susceptible to Ofloxacin and Ceftriaxone, high rate of resistance was observed in Cotrimoxazole (87.75%) and Ampicillin (55.5%). Emerging resistance against Nalidixic acid (39%) was observed. CONCLUSION: Shigella still accounts for a significant proportion of bacillary dysentery in many tropical and subtropical countries. Serotype identification can help in devising strategies such as development of effective vaccine for controlling this problem. Increasing antibiotic resistance against commonly prescribed drugs signify that treatment options have become difficult in cases of severe dysentery.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1991

Childhood psychopathology and temperament among slum dwelling children.

In this study we have identified the temperament and psychopathology among children between the age of 5 to 14 years. Out of the forty children selected for same thirty four of them belonged to parents who have less than primary education and earning less than Rs.1,000/- per month. Temperament and psychopathology is markedly high among the children belonging to these groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect of educational intervention on defaecation habits in an Indian urban slum.

The defaecation habits of 172 adults before and after a cholera epidemic in New Delhi in 1988 were investigated. Intensive educational activities were undertaken during the epidemic. A community latrine facility was constructed in this area in February 1988. A greater proportion of females than males were found to be exclusively using the latrines at both rounds of the investigation. A statistically significant relationship with age was observed (P less than 0.001), while literacy was not found to exert a statistically significant effect. Difference in usage habits were more marked in the second round of the investigation. Cost and distance were the main reasons cited for non-utilization of latrines. 91.4% of respondents stated that they had faced some problem in using latrines. Most children were found to be defaecating in the open around the dwelling units at both rounds of the investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Infant feeding practices in the urban slum of Karad in west Maharashtra.

Infant feeding practices have been studied amongst 181 women residing in a semiurban area of Maharashtra. Information on socio-economic status of the family with special reference to maternal literacy and occupation was collected. Data pertaining to the type of prelacteal feed, time of beginning of breast feeding, age at introduction and type of supplementary food were obtained. Instead of colostrum, 73.49% mothers used various inaugural feeds. Social factors viz, lack of education, poverty, lack of knowledge about the nutritional requirement of the infant and feeding of infants by elder sister or brother (foster mother) were the major determinants for erroneous feeding practices.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1990

Community health workers in a Peruvian slum area: an evaluation of their impact on health behavior.

In 1986 the authors conducted a survey examining the performance of health promoters in Pucallpa, Peru, three years after an initial Danish project for training and supervising those promoters ended. The survey found that some two-fifths of the promoters were still active, that increased stress had been placed on curative tasks, and that the promoters appeared to have had their greatest impact in the areas of vaccination coverage and increased use of the available public health care service. No significant changes were found in the affected population's treatment of diarrhea or improvement of drinking water quality.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The psychoanalytic interview of slum dwellers in Lima].

A large, as yet unfinished project conducted by the "Centro Psicoanálisis y Sociedad" concerns the use of psychoanalytic methods in social research. Case excerpts are presented to illustrate typical forms of the subjective processing of migration and marginalization.

Adaptation, Psychological↗