SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Scoring framework”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Analysis of early complications after radical cystectomy: results of a collaborative care pathway.

PURPOSE: We examined our recent series of patients who underwent radical cystectomy to determine and analyze the early perioperative morbidity of the procedure in a contemporary series treated with the guidance of a clinical pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 304 consecutive patients who underwent radical cystectomy from December 1995 to July 2000. We specifically evaluated complications that developed within 30 days of the procedure. Potential variables predictive of early morbidity were analyzed, including patient age, gender, race, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, type of urinary diversion, smoking history, estimated blood loss, transfusion requirement, pathological stage and operative time. RESULTS: The overall minor complication rate was 30.9% (94 of 304 patients). Postoperative ileus was the most common minor complication, affecting 54 patients (18%). Increased blood loss and major complications predicted a significantly higher likelihood of ileus on multivariate analysis (p = 0.02 and 0.001, respectively). Major complications in 15 patients (4.9%) correlated with higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score, surgical intensive care unit admission and transfusion requirement (p = 0.01, <0.001 and 0.001, respectively). The early mortality rate was 0.3% (1 patient). CONCLUSIONS: Within the framework of a clinical pathway, radical cystectomy can be performed safely with an acceptable rate of early minor and major complications. Delay in the return of bowel function is the most common minor complication. Increased estimated blood loss, transfusion requirement and a major complication predicted a higher likelihood of postoperative ileus. The acceptable rate of early morbidity in this series in a 5-year period validates its use in patients undergoing radical cystectomy.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Designing self-report instruments for family assessment.

As family medicine research expands, more and better self-report measures for quantifying family systems variables will be required. These measures should be developed from an accepted paradigm for instrument design that includes the following. They should be: 1) grounded in a contemporary conceptual framework; 2) constructed following a rational theoretical design that includes the sequential stages of construct identification, construct definition, item generation, item editing, item formatting, and item scoring; 3) analyzed empirically at the item level for item distribution characteristics, item-scale correlation, and item-response style correlations; 4) analyzed at the scale level for scale distribution characteristics, scale-scale correlations, and scale-response style correlation; 5) revised based on editing and empirical analysis; and 6) psychometrically evaluated for reliability (eg, internal consistency, test-retest) and validity (construct related, criterion related, and content related). Normative data from various reference populations must also be obtained to provide a basis for interpreting scores. Finally, test manuals must be written to summarize test development data and provide information on administration procedures, scoring, and interpretation.

Behavior↗

PubMed2026

Multi-Omics Integration Identifies a Five-Gene Metabolic Signature With Experimental Validation in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is hallmarked by profound metabolic reprogramming; however, its intricate crosstalk with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and its clinical ramifications remain inadequately elucidated. This study aims to systematically decipher the metabolic-immune interplay in ccRCC through multi-omics integration, with the goal of identifying robust prognostic biomarkers and actionable therapeutic vulnerabilities. AIMS: This study aims to systematically decipher the metabolic-immune interplay in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) through multi‑omics integration, and to identify robust prognostic biomarkers and actionable therapeutic vulnerabilities that can inform precision risk stratification and individualized treatment strategies. METHODS: We integrated bulk transcriptomic, genomic, and clinical data from multiple ccRCC cohorts. Differential expression and functional enrichment analyses were performed to characterize metabolic pathway alterations. Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to infer causal relationships between metabolic disorders and ccRCC risk. A machine learning-based prognostic framework, incorporating SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) for feature interpretability, was constructed and rigorously validated. TIME heterogeneity was dissected using deconvolution algorithms, while drug sensitivity, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and TIDE scores were utilized to assess therapeutic responses and immune evasion. Candidate gene function was evaluated through in vitro gain- and loss-of-function assays, with expression validated via TCGA, HPA, western blot, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Enrichment analysis identified coordinated dysregulation in lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and hypoxia response pathways. MR analysis confirmed lipid metabolism disorders as a causal risk factor for ccRCC. Our machine-learning model, centered on five core SHAP-identified features (SUCLA2, ACAT1, PC, SUCLG1, and HMGCS2), demonstrated superior predictive accuracy over conventional clinical staging. Immune profiling unveiled dichotomous TIME states: the low-risk group retained active immune surveillance, whereas the high-risk group was enriched with immunosuppressive subsets. Drug sensitivity screening pinpointed LY2109761 and carmustine as high-risk-specific candidate agents. Furthermore, TMB and TIDE analyses stratified high-risk patients displaying genomic instability and immune evasion phenotypes. Functionally, SUCLA2 knockdown significantly enhanced ccRCC cell proliferation and invasion, while its overexpression suppressed these malignant phenotypes, corroborating its tumor-suppressive role. Expression patterns of the hub genes were consistently validated across multi-level datasets and experimental assays. CONCLUSION: This study establishes a precision oncology framework for ccRCC by functionally linking metabolic biomarkers, immunophenotypes, and stratified therapeutic strategies. Importantly, we identify SUCLA2 as a potential functional tumor suppressor and a promising target for further mechanistic and translational investigation.

Humans↗

PubMed1999

Evaluating functional outcome in patients with lower extremity sarcoma.

The Short Form 36, The Toronto Extremity Salvage Score, and the 1987 and 1993 Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Rating Scales were compared as measures of functional status for patients with lower extremity sarcoma. The study included 97 patients with lower extremity sarcoma and evaluated each measure on the following measurement properties: conceptual framework; statement of the purpose; feasibility; breadth of content; depth of measurement; cross sectional and longitudinal reliability; and validity and responsiveness. The Short Form 36 represents patients' perceptions of their physical and mental health and is practical to use. However, the validity of the measure is questionable for the patients with sarcoma because the subscale structure could not be reproduced in the current data. The Toronto Extremity Salvage Score meets all standards of measurement with the exception of breadth of content as it measures only physical function. The 1987 and 1993 Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scales do not meet the standards of measurement. In choosing an outcome measure for the extremity sarcoma population, the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score has superior measurement properties when compared with the Short Form 36 or the 1987 and 1993 Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scales. The Toronto Extremity Salvage Score is a reliable and efficient measure for monitoring patients and for use in clinical trials.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Relating emotional abilities to social functioning: a comparison of self-report and performance measures of emotional intelligence.

Three studies used J. D. Mayer and P. Salovey's (1997) theory of emotional intelligence (EI) as a framework to examine the role of emotional abilities (assessed with both self-report and performance measures) in social functioning. Self-ratings were assessed in ways that mapped onto the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), a validated performance measure of EI. In Study 1, self-ratings and MSCEIT scores were not strongly correlated. In Study 2, men's MSCEIT scores, but not self-ratings, correlated with perceived social competence after personality measures were held constant. In Study 3, only the MSCEIT predicted real-time social competence, again, just for men. Implications for analyzing how emotional abilities contribute to social behavior are discussed, as is the importance of incorporating gender into theoretical frameworks and study designs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Precision of histological grading of malignancy.

The precision of a grading system based upon average score of 8 items for histological evaluation of malignancy of epidermoid carcinomas of the larynx was studied by letting 6 pathologists examine biopsies from 22 new cases. Exploratory statistical tools as well as a statistical framework (variance component models) for separating and evaluating the noise components are suggested. The order of magnitude of the resulting overall measurement uncertainty allowed discrimination between patients, though if a patient is graded by only one pathologist, only results as the extremes of the scale of malignancy should be trusted as possible therapeutical guidance. Based upon an analysis of the basic structure of the grading system the single noise components making up the measurement uncertainty were determined. Of greatest importance was noice created by disagreement between the pathologists in their ranking of the patients on the scale of malignancy. Furthermore the pathologist used the individual items differently, and certain items seemed to conform little to the scoring system. An attempt to minimize these two last components was performed; however neither calibration of the pathologists nor omission of the deviating items improved the precision significantly.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1998

Cognitive inhibition in individuals prone to homophobia.

Individuals scoring either High, Medium, or Low on the Homosexism Short-Form scale (Hansen, 1982) made speeded decisions to neutral (N), mildly provocative (MP), or very provocative (VP) statements regarding issues relating to homophobia. These three groups did not differ on age, education, reading rate, or vocabulary ability. It was predicted that individuals High in homophobia would produce faster reaction times to the VP sentences than those individuals scoring Medium or Low in homophobia. Results indicated the opposite pattern. Individuals scoring High in homophobia actually had slower reaction times to VP sentences than did either the Medium or Low homophobia individuals. Results are discussed within an inhibitory framework related to the High homophobia individuals' overall homophobia schema.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2001

Human performance on visually presented Traveling Salesman problems.

Little research has been carried out on human performance in optimization problems, such as the Traveling Salesman problem (TSP). Studies by Polivanova (1974, Voprosy Psikhologii, 4, 41-51) and by MacGregor and Ormerod (1996, Perception & Psychophysics, 58, 527-539) suggest that: (1) the complexity of solutions to visually presented TSPs depends on the number of points on the convex hull; and (2) the perception of optimal structure is an innate tendency of the visual system, not subject to individual differences. Results are reported from two experiments. In the first, measures of the total length and completion speed of pathways, and a measure of path uncertainty were compared with optimal solutions produced by an elastic net algorithm and by several heuristic methods. Performance was also compared under instructions to draw the shortest or the most attractive pathway. In the second, various measures of performance were compared with scores on Raven's advanced progressive matrices (APM). The number of points on the convex hull did not determine the relative optimality of solutions, although both this factor and the total number of points influenced solution speed and path uncertainty. Subjects' solutions showed appreciable individual differences, which had a strong correlation with APM scores. The relation between perceptual organization and the process of solving visually presented TSPs is briefly discussed, as is the potential of optimization for providing a conceptual framework for the study of intelligence.

Attention↗

PubMed2006

The role of global risk assessment in hypertension therapy.

To maximize the benefits of preventive therapy, lipid and hypertension guidelines increasingly recommend that high-risk individuals be targeted for treatment. An individual's risk of developing cardiovascular disease depends on many risk factors, such as age, sex, blood pressure, blood lipid levels, body weight, physical fitness, smoking habits and familial predisposition. Multivariable statistical models have therefore been developed to better estimate the global risk of future coronary events and stroke. A Canadian model is not currently available because a prospective cohort of sufficient size has not been followed in Canada. Therefore, global risk assessment among Canadians can only be completed using models developed in the United States or Europe. In the present review, cardiovascular risk tools are identified that may be appropriate for Canadians, including those based on the Framingham model, the Cardiovascular Life Expectancy Model, the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) model and the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) model. The accuracy of the Framingham model and the Cardiovascular Life Expectancy Model are also evaluated using data from a small, prospective Canadian cohort. Finally, a framework is proposed to assist health care professionals in choosing the global risk tool most appropriate for their patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Pedigree tests of transmission disequilibrium.

High-resolution mapping is essential for the positional cloning of complex disease genes. In outbred populations, linkage disequilibrium is expected to extend for short distances and could provide a powerful fine-mapping tool. Current family-based association tests use nuclear family members to define allelic transmission and controls, but ignore other types of relatives. Here we construct a general approach for scoring allelic transmission that accommodates families of any size and uses all available genotypic information. Family data allows for the construction of an expected genotype for every non-founder, and orthogonal deviates from this expectation are a measure of allelic transmission. These allelic transmission scores can be used to extend previously described tests of linkage disequilibrium for dichotomous or quantitative traits. Some of these tests are illustrated, together with a permutation framework for estimating exact significance levels. Simulation studies are used to investigate power and error rates of the approach. As a practical application, the method is used to investigate the relationship between circulating angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) levels and polymorphisms in the ACE gene using previously published data.

Alleles↗

PubMed1992

Assessment of quality of survival in patients with surgically treated meningioma.

A prospective study carried out between 1982 and 1991 encompassed 179 patients who had been operated upon for meningiomas (Neurosurgical University Clinic Heidelberg and Mannheim). History, neurological status, neuroradiological findings, surgical procedure and histology were documented. Within the framework of regular postoperative reexaminations, indices were recorded regarding life quality as standardized by Karnofsky and Spitzer. Following HRDP (Hamburg Rating Scale for Emotional Disturbances), a depression score was evaluated with 32 patients pre and postoperatively. Psychosocial disturbances, which can develop a permanent character, were observed, particularly within the first 12 months after the operation. Depressive moods were noticed quite frequently. The age of the patients proved to be a decisive prognostic factor.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Assessing reliable and clinically significant change on Health of the Nation Outcome Scales: method for displaying longitudinal data.

OBJECTIVE: Many authors recommended that reliable and clinically significant change (RCSC) should be calculated when reporting results of interventions. To test the reliability of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) in identifying RCSC, we applied the Jacobson and Truax model to two HoNOS assessments in a large group of people evaluated in 10 community mental health services in Lombardy, Italy, in 2000. METHOD: The HoNOS was administered to 9817 patients; of these, 4759 (48%) were re-assessed. Reliable change (RC) was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (alpha), as a parameter of the reliability of the measure. Clinical significance cut-offs were calculated using a classification of severity based on HoNOS items. RESULTS: In the whole sample, the clinical improvement cut-off was 11 and the remission cut-off was 5. Considering the severe patients, the clinical improvement cut-off was 12. The RC index calculated on the whole group and on the subgroup of severe patients indicated that eight-point and seven-point changes, respectively, were needed to be confident that a real change had occurred. Longitudinal changes were depicted on two-dimensional graphs as examples of reporting RCSC on HoNOS total scores in a routine data collection: 91.6% of the whole sample (4361) was stable, 5.6% (269) improved and 1.8% (129) worsened. CONCLUSION: Our study proposes a methodological framework for computing RCSC normative data on a widely used outcome scale and for identifying different degrees of clinical change.

Follow-Up Studies↗

PubMed2004

No substantial psychological impact of the diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes following targeted population screening: The Hoorn Screening Study.

AIMS: To examine the impact of the diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes on psychological well-being and perceived health status in subjects who participated in a targeted population-screening programme. METHODS: This study was conducted within the framework of a screening project in the general (aged 50-75 years) Dutch population. The final study population consisted of 259 subjects with a high-risk score on the Symptom Risk Questionnaire; 116 of whom were subsequently detected with Type 2 diabetes and 143 who were non-diabetic. The impact was assessed approximately 2 weeks (shortly) and 6 and 12 months after the diagnosis, using the 12-item Well-Being Questionnaire (W-BQ12) and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36), respectively. Analyses of co-variance (ancova) were used. RESULTS: Approximately 2 weeks after the diagnosis, no significant mean differences were found on either the W-BQ12 or the SF-36, between the screening-detected Type 2 diabetes subjects and the non-diabetic subjects. Six months after the diagnosis, we found lower scores in the screening-detected Type 2 diabetes subjects compared with the non-diabetic subjects on the SF-36 dimensions Role Physical (mean difference (95% CI); -8.2 (-16.2; -0.1); P = 0.046) and Role Emotional (mean difference (95% CI); -7.9 (-15.3; -0.5); P = 0.038). One year after the test results, no significant mean differences were found between both groups on either instrument (W-BQ12; SF-36). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes has no substantial adverse or positive effect on psychological well-being and perceived health status, shortly, and 6 and 12 months after the diagnosis.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Multiple RNA structure alignment.

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) structures can be viewed as a special kind of strings where characters in a string can bond with each other. The question of aligning two RNA structures has been studied for a while, and there are several successful algorithms that are based upon different models. In this paper, by adopting the model introduced in Wang and Zhang,(19) we propose two algorithms to attack the question of aligning multiple RNA structures. Our methods are to reduce the multiple RNA structure alignment problem to the problem of aligning two RNA structure alignments. Meanwhile, we will show that the framework of sequence center star alignment algorithm can be applied to the problem of multiple RNA structure alignment, and if the triangle inequality is met in the scoring matrix, the approximation ratio of the algorithm remains to be 2-2(over)n, where n is the total number of structures.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1996

Parametric and nonparametric linkage analysis: a unified multipoint approach.

In complex disease studies, it is crucial to perform multipoint linkage analysis with many markers and to use robust nonparametric methods that take account of all pedigree information. Currently available methods fall short in both regards. In this paper, we describe how to extract complete multipoint inheritance information from general pedigrees of moderate size. This information is captured in the multipoint inheritance distribution, which provides a framework for a unified approach to both parametric and nonparametric methods of linkage analysis. Specifically, the approach includes the following: (1) Rapid exact computation of multipoint LOD scores involving dozens of highly polymorphic markers, even in the presence of loops and missing data. (2) Non-parametric linkage (NPL) analysis, a powerful new approach to pedigree analysis. We show that NPL is robust to uncertainty about mode of inheritance, is much more powerful than commonly used nonparametric methods, and loses little power relative to parametric linkage analysis. NPL thus appears to be the method of choice for pedigree studies of complex traits. (3) Information-content mapping, which measures the fraction of the total inheritance information extracted by the available marker data and points out the regions in which typing additional markers is most useful. (4) Maximum-likelihood reconstruction of many-marker haplotypes, even in pedigrees with missing data. We have implemented NPL analysis, LOD-score computation, information-content mapping, and haplotype reconstruction in a new computer package, GENEHUNTER. The package allows efficient multipoint analysis of pedigree data to be performed rapidly in a single user-friendly environment.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2006

A new classification system and an algorithm for the reconstruction of nasal defects.

A new, comprehensive system for scoring and classification of nasal defects is proposed in this article. The soft tissue coverage of the nose is in continuity with the cheeks, glabella and upper lip and the osteocartilaginous infrastructure is in continuity with the two nasofrontal buttresses, the frontal bar and the palate. Soft tissues and the skeletal framework are divided into sub-units and these anatomic features are schematized on a logo. The sub-units are graded on the logo, depending on their gravity in reconstructive strategies. Any given nasal defect is described by shading the involved sub-units on the logo and the sum of the points appended each sub-unit gives the total score of defect. The severity of the tissue loss is assessed according to a "Classification System" which is derived from this scoring system. Nasal defects are classified into one of four main Types corresponding to their scores. One hundred twenty seven patients who were operated on for various nasal pathologies have been reviewed and nasal defects are scored and classified according to the proposed system. Application of this system to the spectrum of cases encountered in a 6 years period shows that it is based on anatomic grounds, easy to document and efficient transmission of objective information becomes possible. It also offers a useful algorithm to approach the reconstruction of nasal defects.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Do speakers have access to a mental syllabary?

The first, theoretical part of this paper sketches a framework for phonological encoding in which the speaker successively generates phonological syllables in connected speech. The final stage of this process, phonetic encoding, consists of accessing articulatory gestural scores for each of these syllables in a "mental syllabary". The second, experimental part studies various predictions derived from this theory. The main finding is a syllable frequency effect: words ending in a high-frequent syllable are named faster than words ending in a low-frequent syllable. As predicted, this syllable frequency effect is independent of and additive to the effect of word frequency on naming latency. The effect, moreover, is not due to the complexity of the word-final syllable. In the General Discussion, the syllabary model is further elaborated with respect to phonological underspecification and activation spreading. Alternative accounts of the empirical findings in terms of core syllables and demisyllables are considered.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2025

Comprehensive discovery and functional characterization of the noncanonical proteome.

The systematic identification and functional characterization of noncanonical translation products, such as novel peptides, will facilitate the understanding of the human genome and provide new insights into cell biology. Here, we constructed a high-coverage peptide sequencing reference library with 11,668,944 open reading frames and employed an ultrafiltration tandem mass spectrometry assay to identify novel peptides. Through these methods, we discovered 8945 previously unannotated peptides from normal gastric tissues, gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, nearly half of which were derived from noncoding RNAs. Moreover, our CRISPR screening revealed that 1161 peptides are involved in tumor cell proliferation. The presence and physiological function of a subset of these peptides, selected based on screening scores, amino acid length, and various indicators, were verified through Flag-knockin and multiple other methods. To further characterize the potential regulatory mechanisms involved, we constructed a framework based on artificial intelligence structure prediction and peptide‒protein interaction network analysis for the top 100 candidates and revealed that these cancer-related peptides have diverse subcellular locations and participate in organelle-specific processes. Further investigation verified the interacting partners of pep1-nc-OLMALINC, pep5-nc-TRHDE-AS1, pep-nc-ZNF436-AS1 and pep2-nc-AC027045.3, and the functions of these peptides in mitochondrial complex assembly, energy metabolism, and cholesterol metabolism, respectively. We showed that pep5-nc-TRHDE-AS1 and pep2-nc-AC027045.3 had substantial impacts on tumor growth in xenograft models. Furthermore, the dysregulation of these four peptides is closely correlated with clinical prognosis. Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive characterization of the noncanonical proteome, and highlights critical roles of these previously unannotated peptides in cancer biology.

Humans↗