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An attempt at placement of a left femoral vein hyperalimentation catheter resulted in entrance of the catheter into the spinal canal. Catheter location was documented by injections of nonionic contrast material into the catheter without neurologic sequellae.
STUDY DESIGN: A case report. OBJECTIVES: A case of spontaneous migration of intracranial hemostatic clip into the lumbar spinal canal causing a sacral radiculopathy and severe low back pain was presented. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Only five cases have been reported in the literature. The first report was described by Oyesiku in 1986; thereafter, four cases have been reported. This serves as the first report clearly describing the relationship between the migrated site of a foreign body and neurologic symptom, as well as achieving a remission of symptom after surgical extirpation. METHODS: A patient who had received hemostatic clips to the aqueductal stenosis 31 years ago presented with low back pain and sacral radiculopathy. Plain radiography, myelography, and subsequent CT revealed that a metal foreign body was located in the subarachnoid space at L4 level. Laminectomy of L4 and extirpation of the foreign body were performed. RESULTS: The foreign body was a hemostatic clip made of cobalt-based alloy that had been applied during the previous intracranial surgery. The clip irritated the adjoined intrathecal nerve root and possibly caused the adhesive arachnoiditis. All symptoms completely disappeared after the extirpation. CONCLUSIONS: An uncommon case of an intracranial hemostatic clip migrating into the lumbar subarachnoid space as well as causing sacral radiculopathy was reported. The surgical extirpation provided an excellent clinical outcome.
A 30-year-old male presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage, due to a rare peripheral posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm located in the spinal canal. Angiography and magnetic resonance imaging disclosed the aneurysm of 15 mm diameter at the C-1 level. After aneurysmal neck clipping and ventriculoperitoneal shunt implacement, he was discharged without neurological deficit. Histological examination revealed no layer formation, only hemorrhage and organization in the aneurysmal wall. This case may be an example of giant aneurysm formation caused by repeated bleeding and organization.
Paragangliomas are tumors arising in the paraganglia and rarely occur in the spinal canal. In the literature, 11 such cases have been reported. We present 7 additional cases, 3 of which were epidural in location in contrast to previously described intradural cases. The problems of histological diagnosis of these tumors are discussed. The value of determination of biogenic amines in the tumor tissue or the urine has been pointed out.
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Lead extraction may be complicated by lead fracture and embolization of the lead fragments into the pulmonary circulation or other vasculature causing various signs and symptoms. We present a very unusual case demonstrating embolization of a pacemaker electrode fragment into the superolateral vein in the spinal canal causing root compression. The electrode fragment was removed by spinal surgery, and the patient's symptoms gradually resolved.
Three milliliters of a solution containing 4.81 mg bupivacaine base and 0.029 mg methylene blue per milliliter (BMB) was injected in the middle of a vertically mounted spinal canal model containing 0.9% NaCl at 37 degrees C. The BMB solution injected was either equilibrated to 37 degrees C (Exp. I) or to 22 degrees C (Exp. II). Each experiment was conducted eight times, four times with a high speed of injection (+/- 0.6 ml/sec) and four times with a slow speed of injection (0.05 ml/sec). The density of the BMB solution was determined at 37 degrees C and at 22 degrees C and found to be, respectively, slightly hypobaric and slightly hyperbaric relative to the 0.9% NaCl solution of 37 degrees C. Three minutes after completion of the injection, nine 1-ml samples were drawn simultaneously from the site of injection and from eight sampling sites situated equally above and below the site of injection at 5-cm intervals, which were subsequently analyzed for methylene blue concentrations. Injection of the BMB solution equilibrated to 37 degrees C resulted in a distribution directed mainly upward, whereas injection of the BMB solution equilibrated to 22 degrees C showed distribution in a mainly downward direction. Variation in methylene blue concentrations was large, and no definite differences based on different speeds of injection were observed. It is concluded that small differences in baricity result in largely different distribution patterns that could explain the variability in sensory levels of blockade when using an isobaric solution for spinal anesthesia.
In 250 subjects with normal lumbar spine and 39 patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS), radiographic measurement such as canal-to-body ratio (CBR), intervertebral space, inclination and thickness of the facet were performed to statistically evaluate normal degenerative changes in lumbar spine and the difference between normal degenerative changes and those of LSCS. Results were as follows: in normal subjects, 1) intervertebral space became narrower with aging (below L3-4), 2) the inclination of the facet increased in all lumbar spines, 3) the thickness of facet showed no relationship with aging but correlated with inclination (below L3-4). In LSCS, on the other hand, 1) almost no abnormal CBR values were found, 2) canal stenosis was most common at the level of L4-5 and and L3-4, 3) no factor was independently related to the degree of narrowing. Finally, normal subjects patients with LSCS had significant differences in almost all measurement parameters.
A prospective study of the lumbar spinal canal and its anatomical walls was carried out by measuring the radiological characteristics of 68 healthy Nigerian children aged 6 to 11 years (mean 8.5 years). The study showed no features of congenital stenotic lumbar canal in all the children. The interpedicular diameter (IPD) and the vertebral diameter (VD) increased progressively in a cranio-caudal fashion. The pedicular height (PH) increased from L1 to L2 and thereafter decreased from L3 to L5. The pedicular diameter (PD) increased progressively from L1 to L5. The canal-to-body ratio (CBR) was found to approximate to a constant of 0.65. Age does not have significant positive correlation with the IPD, VD, PH, and PD(P greater than 0.05).
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
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Twenty-five cases of lumbar spinal canal stenosis were investigated by dynamic myeloscopy to explain the pathophysiologic mechanism of intermittent claudication, one of the characteristic signs of the disorder. Myeloscopic examination revealed that, in accordance with postural alteration, the diameter of blood vessels on the cauda equinae showed significant changes in many patients in the stenosis group, but showed no changes in control group. In this series, it was suggested that the microcirculatory disturbance of vessels on cauda equinae might play an important role in the development of intermittent claudication.
STUDY DESIGN: A biofidelic whole cervical spine model with muscle force replication was used to evaluate spinal canal pinch diameter (CPD) narrowing during simulated whiplash. OBJECTIVES: To quantify CPD narrowing during simulated whiplash and to determine if whiplash resulted in a narrower post-whiplash CPD. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Spinal cord injuries are uncommon in whiplash patients, although such injuries have been reported in those with narrow canals. It has been hypothesized that increased cerebral spinal fluid pressure during whiplash could injure neural tissues. METHODS: The biofidelic model and a bench-top whiplash apparatus were used to simulate whiplash at 3.5, 5, 6.5, and 8 g accelerations of the T1 vertebra. The CPD was measured in the intact specimen in the neutral posture (neutral posture CPD) and under a 1.5 Nm static extension load (pre-whiplash CPD), during simulated whiplash (dynamic whiplash CPD), and again under a 1.5 Nm extension load following each whiplash simulation (post-whiplash CPD). RESULTS: The average dynamic whiplash CPDs were significantly narrower (P < 0.05) than the corresponding pre-whiplash CPDs at accelerations of 3.5 g and above. The narrowest CPD was observed at C5-C6 during the 6.5 g simulation and was 3.5 mm narrower than the neutral posture CPD. In general, the average post-whiplash CPDs were not significantly narrower than the corresponding pre-whiplash CPDs. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal cord injury during whiplash is unlikely in patients with average normal canal diameters. Cord compression following whiplash due to physiologic extension loading is not likely. Previous clinical studies have found that whiplash patients with narrow canals may be at risk of injury, and our results do not disprove it.
A modification of the classic costotransversectomy approach to anteriorly placed lesions in the thoracic spinal canal is described. This operation was used in four cases with excellent results.