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PubMedDate not supplied

[Dental cements].

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Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1994

Bond strength measurements of fissure sealant to glass ionomer (polyalkenoate) cement.

The management of fissure caries is greatly simplified by restricting cavity preparation to the removal of caries and restoring the tooth with a combination of either glass ionomer cement or composite resin with fissure sealant. Clinically, however, problems are experienced in achieving satisfactory retention of fissure sealant to the surface of glass ionomer cement. This in vitro investigation describes the effects of different surface treatments of glass ionomer cement on the shear bond strength obtained with self-cured and light-cured fissure sealant. The application of a halophosphorus ester of bis-glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA, Scotchbond Dual Cure) to the set surface of the glass ionomer cement significantly increased the shear bond strength values observed with both the self-cured and light-cured varieties of an unfilled bis-GMA pit and fissure sealant (Delton). Etching of the glass ionomer surface did not significantly improve the shear bond strengths observed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An in-vitro investigation of microleakage and gap size of glass ionomer/composite resin "sandwich" restorations in primary teeth.

Eighty extracted primary molars were divided into four groups of twenty teeth. Class II cavities were prepared in all teeth with equal numbers of proximal boxes having cavosurface margins either in enamel, or dentin/cementum. Each group was allocated to an open or closed sandwich technique using glass ionomer as a lining. Following the placement of the composite resin restorations, the gap size measured at the proximal box was greatest for the closed sandwich group with the cavosurface margin on enamel (0.203 microns) or dentin/cementum (0.174 microns). Microleakage scores were measured at the proximal box and were greatest for the closed sandwich group with the cavosurface margin on dentin/cementum. The best result was obtained for the open sandwich group with the cavosurface margin on enamel.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Pulp reaction to a dentin bonding agent.

PURPOSE: To determine the pulpal biocompatibility of Prisma Universal Bond 2 (PUB-2). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Class V preparations were made in eight subhuman monkeys to approximately 1 mm from the pulp. In Group 1, the enamel was etched, the primer was placed and dried, PUB 2 was painted, and Prisma-Fil inserted. In Goup 2, the cavity floor was covered with visible light-cured Dycal followed by the steps as in group 1. In Group 3, IRM was used as a negative control. In Group 4, MQ55 silicate cement was used as a positive control. The animals were sacrificed at 5, 25, and 60 days and the teeth processed for histological evaluation. RESULTS: After 5 days, a mild reaction of little concern, which had dissipated in the 25- and 6-day groups, was observed. The material compared favorably to the negative control.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluoride-releasing dental restorative materials.

In the 1940s, dentists observed that secondary caries was rarely associated with silicate cement restorations. While the relatively stable dimensional properties of those restorations were undoubtedly a factor in this fortunate circumstance, the fact that fluoride was inherent in the composition of the material received the greater credit. By the mid-1980s, a wide variety of fluoride-releasing dental restorative materials were available to dentists and dental consumers, and the cariostatic effect of fluoride ions on enamel caries had been demonstrated in many studies. This paper reviews much of the fluoride-related research conducted on fluoride-releasing amalgam, glass-ionomer cements, composites, primers, sealants, liners, acrylic resins, and orthodontic bracket bonding materials. The need for standardization of test methods is addressed, as is the need for more controlled clinical trials and additional research.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1994

Novel polyalkenoate (glass-ionomer) dental cements based on zinc silicate glasses.

Powdered zinc silicate glasses were investigated for cement formation with aqueous poly(acrylic acid). Alkali metal zinc silicate glasses and calcium zinc silicate glasses gave polyalkenoate cements which were hydrolytically unstable, whilst alumino-zinc-silicate glasses gave hydrolytically stable cements with short setting times (under 10 min) and high compressive strengths (above 90 MPa). The aluminium to silicon ratio was not important in determining the cement forming ability of the glass. The ability to form a cement was, instead, determined largely by the network connectivity of the glass.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1982

Heat treatment of glass ionomer, silicate, zinc phosphate and zinc polycarboxylate cements.

The compressive strength and erosion resistance of glass ionomer, silicate, zinc phosphate or zinc polycarboxylate cements, submitted to heat treatments at 50 degrees or 70 degrees C after mixing, have been assessed. Zinc phosphate cement specimens showed a marked reduction in compressive strength properties and erosion resistance, while minor improvements in compressive strength were observed for various brands of the other types of cements. For silicate cement a considerable improvement in erosion resistance was noted. One brand showed a reduction in the release of phosphate amounting to approximately a factor of 20. The various improvements observed may be clinically exploited by exposing the restoration after insertion to radiation from an external heat source which deposits radiation energy in the surface or bulk of the restoration.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

A 12-month clinical evaluation of a glass polyalkenoate cement for the direct bonding of orthodontic brackets.

Glass polyalkenoate (ionomer) cements have the unique properties to physicochemically bond to enamel and base metals, and to leach fluoride over prolonged periods. These cements are hybrids of silicate and polycarboxylate cements and, like the silicate cements, retain a cariostatic action on adjacent enamel. This article reports on a 12-month clinical trial of a glass ionomer cement for the direct bonding of orthodontic brackets compared with a standard composite bonding adhesive. This study shows a significant difference in failure rates of direct-bonded orthodontic brackets cemented with a thick mix of Fuji I glass polyalkenoate cement (20%) compared with System I+ composite bonding resin (5%).

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2000

Experimental design of FPD made of all-ceramics and fibre-reinforced composite.

OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to combine flexural properties of FRC materials with aesthetic values of ceramics. METHODS: The bonding strength of fibre-reinforced composite to ceramic was determined. Afterwards, 8 three unit and 8 four unit FPDs (fixed partial dentures) were manufactured based on the experimental design and were then adhesively luted onto human molars. After thermal cycling and mechanical loading in an artificial environment, the fracture strength and marginal adaptation was determined. FPDs made of FRC (fibre-reinforced composite) materials were used as a control. RESULTS: The most reliable bonding strength of ceramic to FRC material was achieved using acid etching in combination with adhesive luting techniques. Median fracture strength values of 575 N for three unit FPD and 876 N for four unit FPD were established. More than 85% of the experimental FPDs showed a perfect margin while less than 15% revealed a marginal gap, even after thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TCML). The strongest influence of TCML on the marginal adaptation of the experimental design FPD was determined within the four unit system showing approximately a 10% change in marginal gap and perfect margin. SIGNIFICANCE: Assuming an improvement in adhesive bonding between the ceramic and the FRC material and, in addition, an enhancement of the contact surface between pontic and abutment, the hybrid technique could represent an interesting procedure for further investigations and, eventually, clinical implication.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1996

A spectroscopic NMR investigation of the calcium silicate hydrates present in cement and concrete.

NMR spectroscopy is applied to study microstructure of calcium silicate hydrates present in cement and concrete. It is shown that 29Si NMR gives information on the siliceous skeleton of the hydrates. 1H NMR, using CRAMPS techniques, allows to discriminate between protons linked to silicon atoms or to calcium atoms. A first investigation of reference compounds indicates that 43Ca NMR will be powerful to determine calcium atom sites in the structure.

Calcium Compounds↗