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PubMed2005

Sources of data for rural health research: development of an inventory of Canadian databases.

Secondary data sources can often be used to help address questions about the health status, health behavior, health resources allocation, and utilization of health services of rural Canadians. But the task of deciding which Canadian databases are amenable to rural health research remains a challenge. As part of a larger research project titled "Canada's Rural Communities: Understanding Rural Health and Its Determinants," an inventory of 51 Canadian databases that have the potential of being used for rural health research was compiled, and it continues to be maintained and updated. The websites maintained by two of Canada's leading statistical data centers were systematically searched, along with other published articles and national reports, to produce this inventory. The criteria used to determine which data sources to include in this inventory are: (1) databases containing data at the national level that can be accessed by researchers, (2) databases containing data that are relevant to a variety of rural health issues, and (3) databases containing data that could be partitioned into rural and non-rural geographies. Detailed information is available by searching the inventory of national rural health research-related databases through the internet (www.cranhr.ca) or by contacting the lead author of this article. This article examines some of the issues in developing this resource and demonstrates the usefulness of its contents to Canadian and other rural health researchers.

Canada↗
PubMed2004

A study on pesticide runoff from paddy fields to a river in rural region--2: development and application of a mathematical model.

A mathematical model was developed to predict the runoff of pesticides from paddy fields to a river in a rural region. The model comprises three submodels: (1) submodel for river flow, (2) submodel for pesticide behavior in paddy fields, (3) submodel for pesticide behavior in a river. The tank model was applied to predict the river flow and the paddy water. In order to reproduce the actual behavior of pesticides in paddy fields, the kinetics of the transport and reaction mechanisms of pesticides applied to paddy fields were considered in the model. The model was applied to the Kozakura River Basin where the detailed field survey was conducted. The model reflected well the runoff characteristics of pesticides obtained from the detailed field survey.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2005

Community-directed interventions strategy enhances efficient and effective integration of health care delivery and development activities in rural disadvantaged communities of Uganda.

The community-directed interventions (CDI) strategy achieved a desired coverage of the ultimate treatment goal (UTG) of at least 90% with ivermectin distribution for onchocerciasis control, and filled the gap between the health care services and the communities. However, it was not clear how its primary actors--the community-directed health workers (CDHW) and community-directed health supervisors (CDHS)--would perform if they were given more responsibilities for other health and development activities within their communities. A total of 429 of 636 (67.5%) of the CDHWs who were involved in other health and development activities performed better than those who were involved only in ivermectin distribution, with a drop-out rate of 2.3%. A total of 467 of 864 (54.1%) of CDHSs who were involved in other health and development activities also maintained the desired level of performance. They facilitated updating of household registers (P<0.05), trained and supervised CDHWs, and educated community members about onchocerciasis control (P<0.001). Their drop-out rate was 2.6%. The study showed that the majority of those who dropped out had not been selected by their community members. Therefore, CDI strategy promoted integration of health and development activities with a high potential for sustainability.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1981

The predictive validity of infant assessments in rural Guatemala.

The behavioral development of rural Guatemalan infants was assessed shortly after birth on a Neonatal Assessment Scale (NAS) and at 6, 15, and 24 months of age on a Composite Infant Scale (CIS). Summary variables based on NAS performance poorly predicted later assessed performance even as recently as 6 months after birth. The CIS was modestly correlated with later performance (between 3 and 7 years of age). These results are similar to those concerning samples from developed nations. Summary variables reflecting failure of easy items, the items most strongly predictive of 4-year performance, and the first principal component factor score all were highly correlated with each other. Of the variables generated they had the most predictive validity. A motor item variable had at least as impressive predictive validity as the mental items at 6 and 15 months. By 24 months the mental variable was a better predictor than the motor variable. In terms of predicting later performance, there seemed to be little justification for weighting items other than to achieve a characterization of overall performance.

Child↗
PubMed1999

The mental health consumer movement: implications for rural practice.

Developing consumer-oriented programs for rural areas presents a major challenge for practitioners and policy makers. The mental health consumer movement, a successful urban creation, has yet to fully impact rural practice and be of benefit to individuals with severe and persistent mental illness. Rural mental health professionals face unique challenges and opportunities in utilizing rural strengths to foster consumer participation in the design and implementation of service delivery. The authors address the unique barriers facing rural communities and propose a self-help model as a service delivery alternative.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a culturally sensitive rural practicum.

Wanting to increase their students' awareness of and experience with providing culturally sensitive care in a rural setting, the authors developed a nursing elective course. They discuss the structure, goals, and outcomes of the course.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1997

Development of a rural oncology nursing conference: proposal through implementation.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To discuss the funding/implementation process of a continuing nursing education program focusing on cancer care delivery in the rural setting. DATA SOURCES: Books, published articles, and personal experience. DATA SYNTHESIS: Producing a rural oncology conference required a needs assessment identification of funding sources, collaboration of a variety of stakeholders, dedicated implementation, and outcome evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The strategies for designing and funding this rural program were successful. The conference was received enthusiastically by rural homecare, nursing home, and administrative nurses. More continuing education of rural nurses is needed because many patients with cancer ore returning home sooner and remaining home longer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Individual Oncology Nursing Society chapters can make a difference in the nursing care of their communities and can obtain financial support for their projects. Urban nurses can mentor and network with their rural colleagues by offering their services proactively. With the changing complexion of healthcare funding, it is imperative that nurses at all levels learn to access the funding sources available for the enhancement of community nursing services.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗