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PubMed1997

Prevalence and depth of artificial caries-like lesions adjacent to cavities prepared in roots and restored with a glass ionomer or a dentin-bonded composite material.

One potential advantage of glass-ionomer materials for the treatment of root caries is their ability to release fluoride and so resist cariogenic attack. A commercially available composite material has also been reported to release fluoride which reduced caries lesions in the tooth tissue adjacent to it. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a conventional glass-ionomer restoration compared with a dentin-bonded, fluoride-releasing, composite restoration when exposed to a microbial artificial caries system. Artificial caries-like lesions produced in relation to the restorations were examined and classified either as outer (surface) lesions or as wall lesions. A split-unit experimental design allowed for within-tooth comparisons of the 2 experimental restorations at different sites on the root surface. These were either totally within the root surface or positioned at the amelo-cemental junction. Outer lesion depths were significantly (p < 0.001) shallower at all sites adjacent to the glass ionomer when compared with the composite restorations. Wall lesions were significantly (p < 0.01) more prevalent adjacent to the composite material. In addition, the cavity margin position significantly (p < 0.05) affected the incidence of wall lesions, particularly in the composite group. In conclusion, glass ionomer was successful in reducing the caries-like lesion production in the adjacent root surface. This resulted from improved marginal integrity and fluoride release from this material when compared with the composite bonding system used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Saliva, salivary micro-organisms, and oral health in the home-dwelling old elderly--a five-year longitudinal study.

High scores of chair-side salivary microbial tests have been found to be related to an increased prevalence and incidence of coronal and root caries. Many elderly face an increased risk of the growth of oral microbes, and previous studies have reported high salivary microbial counts in elderly populations. The aim of this follow-up study was to compare, at five-year intervals, stimulated salivary flow rates with the numbers of selected salivary micro-organisms (mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and yeasts) in a group of home-dwelling elderly in Helsinki. A further aim was to study the influence of baseline microbial counts on five-year root caries increments and rates of tooth loss. The baseline study population was comprised of 270 subjects who were all participants in the population-based Helsinki Aging Study. Salivary flow rates and microbial conditions were determined as part of their dental examination at the Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, in 1990-1991. Of these subjects, 110 underwent a follow-up examination in 1995-1996. Commercially available kits (Dentocult SM strip mutans for mutans streptococci, Dentocult LB for lactobacilli, and Oricult N for yeasts) were used for the enumeration of micro-organisms, after the collection of paraffin-wax-stimulated whole saliva. The stimulated whole saliva flow rates of the subjects were significantly lower at the follow-up than at baseline (paired t test, difference -0.16 mL/min; p < 0.05), whereas buffer capacity was higher (paired t test, difference 0.19 on a three-unit scale; p < 0.05). Apart from lower salivary lactobacilli counts at follow-up (paired t test, difference -0.44 CFUs/mL of saliva; p < 0.001), no changes were found in salivary microbial levels. Salivary microbial counts were clearly associated with the subjects' dentition types: More denture-wearers had high microbial counts than persons with natural dentitions. None of the salivary factors correlated with the root caries incidence or the number of teeth lost during the five-year follow-up.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Coronal and root decay experience in older adults in Ontario, Canada.

This paper describes the coronal and root caries experience of subjects aged 50 years and older living in four communities in Ontario, Canada. The data were obtained as part of a comprehensive epidemiologic study of the oral health and treatment needs of this population. Caries experience was defined as the number of decayed and filled coronal and root surfaces per subject. Of 907 subjects interviewed and clinically examined, 78.3 percent were dentate and retained a mean of 18.9 teeth. The mean number of coronal decayed and filled surfaces was 23.9; 95.6 percent of subjects had at least one coronal DFS. The mean number of decayed and filled root surfaces was 3.6; 70.9 percent had at least one root DFS. The percent D/DFS was 3.5 for coronal and 20.0 for root caries. In linear regression analysis the number of teeth, making regular preventive visits, being born in Canada, and educational status emerged as predictors of coronal DFS. Predictors of root DFS were the number of surfaces with recession, the number of coronal DFS, the number of teeth, age, sex, and smoking status. These variables accounted for 42 percent and 35 percent of the variance in the number of coronal and root DFS, respectively.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

A clinical follow-up study of magnetically retained overdentures (Dyna-system).

This study reports on 99 magnetic retention units (root caps and minimagnets) were used to stabilise overdentures in 66 patients. Tooth mobility, root caries, periodontal health, denture function, integrity of root caps and minimagnets were evaluated 4-12 years after insertion. The results showed a marked reduction in root mobility (increased stability in 86% of the roots), but extraction of 8% of the roots. After 116 months the survival rate calculated according to Kaplan and Meier was 79% for roots, 90% for caps and 77% for minimagnets. Nine per cent of the roots demonstrated caries and 10% discoloration of the root caps.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Caries prevalence and salivary and microbial conditions in 88-year-old Swedish dentate people.

As part of a comprehensive investigation of 88-year-old people, caries prevalence, stimulated salivary secretion rate, buffer capacity, and the prevalence of lactobacilli and mutans streptococci were studied in a subsample of 92 dentate subjects. The mean number of remaining teeth was 14.1 +/- 7.3. The DMFT was 25.2 +/- 3.0, and DF surfaces 38.3 +/- 22.7. Root caries experience was found in 85% of the subjects, with a mean root caries index of 36.6 +/- 28.5%. The men had significantly higher mean values of salivary secretion rate (2.0 +/- 1.3 ml/min) than the women (1.1 +/- 0.6 ml/min) (p < 0.001). The mean final pH of buffer capacity was 6.3 +/- 1.3. High counts of lactobacilli (> 10(5)) and mutans streptococci (> 10(6)) were found in 49% and 55% of the subjects, respectively, of whom most were denture wearers. The mean number of total mutans streptococci was higher in persons harboring both Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus than in subjects with only S. mutans.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of artificial secondary caries in root by fluoride-releasing restorative materials.

This investigation evaluated the fluoride-releasing properties of various fluoride-releasing restorative materials, including resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (Fuji ionomer TypeII LC, Photac-Fil Aplicap, Vitremer), compomers (Ionosit FIL, Compoglass, Dyract) and fluoride-releasing resin composites (Heliomolar radiopaque, Degufill mineral). The study also estimated the effects of those materials on the inhibition of artificial secondary caries around restorations using a bacterial caries-inducing system. The amount of fluoride released from the materials in deionized water was measured every one week for 10 weeks. Class V cavities with the gingival margin located in the root were prepared in extracted human premolars and restored with each of the materials. The restored teeth were incubated in the bacterial artificial caries chamber, and the artificial lesion created around the restoration was observed microradiographically. The resin-modified glass-ionomer cements released the largest amount of fluoride and created a thick radio-opaque zone in the artificial lesion along the restoration-dentin interface. These results indicated that the fluoride-releasing restorative materials have the potential to inhibit secondary caries formation around restorations. Resin-modified glass-ionomer cements presented a particularly strong effect, compared with compomers and fluoride-releasing resin composites.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1993

The oral status of elderly removable partial denture wearers.

A random sample of 1019 elderly home dwelling persons participated in this study. There were 809 dentate respondents, 28.6% of whom wore removable partial dentures. They were examined for coronal and root caries, gingival recession, pocket depth and loss of gingival attachment. The removable partial dentures were also evaluated. Abutment teeth were found to be more likely to have caries and periodontal disease than all other teeth. Using a MANOVA statistical procedure, the analysis indicated that the partial denture itself, irrespective of any professionally determined problems with the denture, appears to affect coronal and root caries on the teeth of partial denture wearers. Partial dentures judged to need repair or adjustment were related to periodontal status. The data on adverse effects of partial dentures suggest a need for patient education by the dentist and through public health measures, and good oral self care and regular professional recall for people who wear removable partial dentures.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1998

Five-year incidence of caries, salivary and microbial conditions in 60-, 70- and 80-year-old Swedish individuals.

The 5-year incidence of dental caries in a random sample of 60-, 70- and 80-year-old inhabitants of Goteborg was related to salivary and microbial conditions. Of the 208 persons examined at baseline, 148 (71%) participated in the follow-up examination; 69, 51 and 28, respectively, in the different age groups. The study revealed that 27% of the participants had not developed any carious lesions during the 5-year period and that the incidence of coronal and root caries increased with age. In the 60-year-olds, 2.5% of the susceptible coronal and root surfaces, respectively, had decayed, while the corresponding figures for the 80-year-olds were 8.8% for coronal surfaces and 9.8% for root surfaces. In all, 18% had an unstimulated saliva secretion rate of below 0.1 ml/min and 14% had a stimulated secretion rate of <0.7 ml/min, with a mean rate which decreased with increasing age from 2.0 to 1.6 and 1.3 ml/min (p = 0.02). The overall salivary counts of lactobacilli and mutans streptococci, particularly the subspecies of Streptococcus sobrinus, had increased during the period. In the respective age groups of 60, 70 and 80 years, 15, 39 and 39% had a mutans streptococci count of > or = 10(6) CFU/ml in saliva and the corresponding figures for > or = 10(5) lactobacilli counts were 22, 31 and 43%. In the stepwise regression analysis, it was found that age, salivary levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli and number of teeth were the best predictors of the incidence of root caries. In conclusion, these observations indicate that there is an increased risk of dental caries with age owing to unfavourable microbial and salivary conditions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Dental caries experience and use of prescription medications among people aged 60+ in South Australia.

Medication has long been implicated as a potential risk factor for dental caries among elderly people, although epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent associations between medication usage and dental caries experience. This paper aimed to describe the frequency of medication usage, and to examine associations between medication usage and dental caries experience among non-institutionalized persons aged 60+ years in South Australia. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect interview data about prescription medication usage from 1,650 people. Oral examinations were conducted among 848 people to obtain information about coronal and root canes experience. The number of prescribed medications taken ranged from 0 to 17, and the mean number taken was 1.8 (sd, 1.9). This was higher in older subjects and females. Four medication categories accounted for almost three-quarters of the medications taken; of those, cardiovascular drugs (including diuretics) accounted for three, with analgesics the only non-cardiovascular class. Subjects taking 3 or more prescription medications had a higher Root Caries Index (RCI, mean = 14.43; P < 0.01) than those taking one or two (mean = 11.50), and those who were taking none (mean = 12.02). Examination of particular medication types revealed that people who took antidepressants and antiulcer drugs had significantly higher RCI values (P < 0.05). There was only a moderate association between medication usage and root caries experience which may be attributable to xerogenic effects of medication, or non-causal associations with underlying medical conditions.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Dental caries in the dog.

The dental records of 435 dogs seen in a dental referral practice were reviewed. Twenty-three dogs (5.3%) had one or more caries lesions. Of the 47 caries lesions, 19 (40%) were pit and fissure caries, 17 (36%) were smooth surface caries, and 11 (23%) were root caries. Twelve dogs had symmetrical lesions. The teeth most commonly involved were the fourth premolar and first and second molar teeth. Twenty affected teeth were extracted and 17 were treated by cavity preparation and restoration with composite or glass ionomer materials. Ten restorations in four dogs were examined one year or more following treatment; all of the restorations were intact and there was no progression of the caries.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Caries and periodontal conditions in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

The present investigation was designed to study caries and periodontal conditions in a selected group of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (1oSS). Twenty-one patients, 20 females and 1 male aged 44-75 years (mean 64 years), with recently diagnosed 1oSS constituted the study population. As a control group, 21 patients matched according to sex and age were randomly selected from patients at one clinic in the Public Dental Service. Clinical examinations including registrations of dental caries, restorations, and periodontal conditions were performed. Unstimulated and stimulated salivary secretion rates were recorded. The 1oSS group had a mean number of 16.4 +/- 8.9 and the control group 17.1 +/- 8.4 natural teeth. The 1oSS patients had significantly more DF crown surfaces (63 +/- 25.8 vs 43 +/- 21.3) and more inactive root caries (4.4 +/- 5.4 vs 0.5 +/- 0.9) than did the control patients. No significant differences were found between the groups in the periodontal conditions. The mean value of the unstimulated salivary secretion rate was 0.09 +/- 0.16 ml/15 min in the 1oSS group and 3.33 +/- 2.81 ml/15 min in the control group. The stimulated secretion rate was 0.16 +/- 0.15 ml/min and 1.47 +/- 0.64 ml/min respectively. This study confirms results from other studies that patients with 1oSS face a high risk of developing both coronal and root caries due to xerostomia. The periodontal conditions are similar to those found in patient groups in general dentistry.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Mesiodistal root fracture. Three case reports.

Vertical root fractures present a complex diagnostic problem. Three cases of vertical root fractures are presented. In the first case, there was a mesiodistal vertical fracture with an almost intact tooth structure. In the second case, there was a mesiodistal vertical fracture with an extensive amalgam restoration and improper root canal treatment. The third case showed extensive root caries with proper root canal therapy. All of the cases resulted in periodontal defects with subsequent loss of the tooth. Diagnosis was obtained with the use of clinical, fiberoptic, and disclosing solution examinations. Histologic examination revealed pulpal canals devoid of vital tissue and filled with necrotic material, debris, neutrophils, and bacterial colonies.

Adult↗