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PubMed1995

Beyond the information maze.

The exponentially increasing volume of scientific information is threatening to overwhelm the budgets and storage capacities of the world's academic libraries. At the same time, new information technologies are poised to revolutionize the publication infrastructure of science. In evaluating these new technologies we must pay attention to their scalability properties: how well will they perform as the amount of information they are handling increases by orders of magnitude? This article identifies some scalability criteria and evaluates some of the current information technologies with respect to them. It ends by suggesting future directions for these technologies.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed2004

Colon cancer survival rates with the new American Joint Committee on Cancer sixth edition staging.

BACKGROUND: The recently revised American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) sixth edition cancer staging system increased the stratification within colon cancer stages II and III defined by the AJCC fifth edition system. Using nationally representative Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data, we compared survival rates associated with colon cancer stages defined according to both AJCC systems. METHODS: Using SEER data (from January 1, 1991, through December 31, 2000), we identified 119,363 patients with colon adenocarcinoma and included all patients in two analyses by stages defined by AJCC fifth and sixth edition systems. Tumors were stratified by SEER's "extent of disease" and "number of positive [lymph] nodes" coding schemes. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to compare overall and stage-specific 5-year survival. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Overall 5-year survival was 65.2%. According to stages defined by the AJCC fifth edition system, 5-year stage-specific survivals were 93.2% for stage I, 82.5% for stage II, 59.5% for stage III, and 8.1% for stage IV. According to stages defined by the AJCC sixth edition system, 5-year stage-specific survivals were 93.2% for stage I, 84.7% for stage IIa, 72.2% for stage IIb, 83.4% for stage IIIa, 64.1% for stage IIIb, 44.3% for stage IIIc, and 8.1% for stage IV. Under the sixth edition system, 5-year survival was statistically significantly better for patients with stage IIIa colon cancer (83.4%) than for patients with stage IIb disease (72.2%) (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The AJCC sixth edition system for colon cancer stratifies survival more distinctly than the fifth edition system by providing more substages. The association of stage IIIa colon cancer with statistically significantly better survival than stage IIb in the new system may reflect current clinical practice, in which stage III patients receive chemotherapy but stage II patients generally do not.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed2002

Radionuclide and radiation protection data handbook 2nd edition (2002).

This handbook is a reference source of radionuclide and radiation protection information. Its purpose is to provide users of radionuclides in medicine, research and industry with consolidated and appropriate information and data to handle and transport radioactive substances safely. It is mainly intended for users in low and intermediate activity laboratories. Individual data sheets are provided for a wide range of commonly used radionuclides (144 in total). These radionuclides are classified into five different groups as a function of risk level, represented by colours red, orange, yellow, green and blue, in descending order of risk.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Presentation and reading level of sleep brochures: are they appropriate for sleep disorders patients?

OBJECTIVE: Sleep-disorders patients must be given information and health education they understand. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to assess suitability of American Sleep Disorders Association and National Sleep Foundation patient education brochures; and (2) to assess one widely used brochure, using patient input and patient literacy level, as a model for development of future materials. DESIGN: Twelve American Sleep Disorders Association and National Sleep Foundation brochures were assessed for reading level using Grammatik, and for design, presentation, and motivating qualities using the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM). Patient literacy level was assessed using the Rapid Estimate Of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM). SETTING: The Louisiana State University Medical Center sleep clinic, faculty private sleep clinic, and in the sleep center laboratory. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: During the months of February-May 1997, 170 sleep disorders patients, 39% African American, 59% white participated in the study. Participants ranged in age from 18-73 years, with a mean age of 46. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Suitability scores for the 12 brochures indicate that none scored in the superior range, 83% scored adequate, and 17% scored not suitable. Ninety-four percent of the brochures were written on a 12th grade level or higher, yet 37% of the sleep patients tested were reading at less than a 9th grade level. Low-level readers were significantly more likely than their higher-reading-level counterparts to report that a brochure was too long (22% vs 12%; p < .05), and that they would need help reading it (44% vs 3%; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients need sleep information given to them on a level they understand. When developing and selecting appropriate materials, reading level, length, and suitability of written material should be considered.

Adolescent↗