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The assessment of apical leakage of root-filled teeth by the electrochemical technique.

Since its inception by Jacobson and von Fraunhofer in 1976, several studies have used the electrochemical method to assess the leakage occurring around root canal fillings. This study has examined aspects of the electrochemical technique and the effects that this test method may have on leakage results. The findings have raised concerns about the application of the technique. It is evident that electrochemical leakage testing over 30 days can influence the electrochemical leakage reading at 30 days and may influence the linear dye penetration recorded at 30 days. It is suggested that testing for electrochemical leakage should not precede the assessment of linear dye penetration.

Bismuth↗

Cementum regeneration in replanted teeth with differing pulp treatment.

Cementum regeneration on exposed dentinal root surfaces of replanted teeth not subjected to replantation. The implication was that secondary reattachment of replanted teeth was largely dependent on the status of supporting alveolar tissues. The role of the replant appeared essentially passive, reacting as a substrate for cementum deposition that may be more or less acceptable to the regenerating periodontal tissues as dictated by the extraoral history. Although the pattern of cementum deposition was unaltered by replantation, the quantity of new cementum deposited on exposed dentin did appear to be affected by pulpal treatment; thus, an indication was given that survival of replanted teeth may be influenced by pulpal procedures.

Animals↗

Microscopic management of endodontic procedural errors: perforation repair.

Iatrogenic root perforation is a procedural error that complicates treatment and can lead to loss of the tooth. A number of new instruments and techniques have been introduced into endodontic practice over the last few years to address this problem. The recent addition of the operating microscope to improve the field of vision has provided the operator with the benefit of magnification and enhanced illumination. Although there are few studies evaluating objectively the use of the operating microscope, its clinical application demonstrates the possibility of achieving more precise endodontic practice. The use of the operating microscope in the non-surgical management of a mid-root perforation is reported in this paper.

Calcium Hydroxide↗

Management of the immature apex--a clinical guide.

The production of an apical barrier prior to the placement of a permanent gutta percha root filling in a non-vital immature incisor tooth with an open apex is a well researched and documented technique. The technique is successful and a very satisfactory root filling can be placed in the tooth. However, dentists seem to have difficulty in achieving satisfactory outcomes.

Calcium Hydroxide↗

Root canal retreatment: 2. Practical solutions.

Root canal retreatment is often the preferred method of treating a tooth in which root canal treatment has failed. Part two of this two-part article discusses the rationale for root canal retreatment and practical techniques and equipment that are available to practitioners.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗

Root canal retreatment.

Root canal therapy is not always successful and an increasing number of patients are requesting retreatment to address intraradicular infection. The armamentarium available to assist the dentist, some of which is described in this article, has never been greater.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗

Role of endodontics in current dental practice.

The findings presented in this statistical study are applicable to a representative sample of dentists in general practice in Illinois. Almost 90% of the respondents in this survey do some or all of their root canal therapy. The majority of those who do some or all of their root canal therapy do so because they enjoy it. Most of the respondents (77.3%) do not take root canal cultures. Kerr's Root Canal Sealer is the most widely used sealer, followed by Kerr's Tubli-Seal and Dr. Wach's sealer, respectively. The preferred technique of filling root canals among the respondents is by means of guttapercha and lateral condensation for most canals and the use of silver points for narrow or constricted canals. A technique that is not taught in any American dental school, the Sargenti N2 technique, is used by almost 20% of the responding dentists. Most of the respondents try to fill the canal 0.5 to 1 mm from the apex. Although dozens of intracanal medicaments exist, the most commonly used one is camphorated parachlorophenol, which is used by more than 50% of the dentists who participated in this survey. A chelating agent is used by almost two fifths of the dentists surveyed and use of such an agent is increasing. More than half the respondents carry out some sort of endodontic surgery in their practice' apicoectomy is the most common endodontic surgery performed. The data show that 48.9% of the dentists who participated in this survey feel that dental schools should devote more time to teaching endodontics, 50.5% believe that the amount of time should remain the same, and only 0.5% feel that the amount of time should be decreased. About 70% of those who feel that the amount of time for teaching endodontics should be increased specified an increase in clinical training.

Education, Dental↗

Single-visit endodontic therapy: a preliminary clinical study.

A clinical investigation was conducted to compare the incidence and severity of postoperative pain in single-visit and multiple-visit conventional endodontic therapy. Although the single-visit patients seemed to experience more discomfort than did the multiple-visit patients after the first postobturation day, the differences were not statistically significant. When the total number of pain days was considered, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Thus, single-visit endodontic therapy appears at least equal in desirability to multiple-visit therapy from the point of view of painfulness to the patient.

Humans↗