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Results for “Psychophysiologic Disorders”

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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Three studies of the psychologic changes in chronic headache patients associated with biofeedback and relaxation therapies.

Three separate, but similar, studies are described in which the psychologic effects (depression, anxiety, and overall degree of psychosomatic distress) of nonpharmacologic treatment (relaxation and/or biofeedback training) for three kinds of chronic headache (tension, migraine, and mixed migraine and tension) were evaluated. Results showed consistently (across all three studies) significant reductions in depression and trait-anxiety associated with receiving treatment, regardless of headache type or treatment outcome. The significant reduction for overall degree of psychosomatic distress was not differentially related to receiving treatment and thus could have been due to prolonged monitoring of headaches or test-retest regression effects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Organic status, psychological disturbance, and pain report characteristics in low-back-pain patients on compensation.

The relationship betewwn compensation and three variables--psychologic disturbance, organic status, and pain report characteristics--was assessed. Patients on compensation were clinically similar to patients not on compensation in the relative frequency of cases of psychologic disturbance and nonorganic findings in each group. Patients on compensation differed only when objective evidence of organic disease and psychologic stability was present. Under these circumstances, the compensation group used 43% more words to describe their pain and endorsed more pain qualities on five independent dimensions of pain. These results indicate that compensation primarily affects the description of low-back pain in cases where objective evidence of injury is present and leads to an intensification of sensory discomfort. Little justification was found for the atmosphere of suspicion that surrounds patients on compensation who have no evidence of organic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Mental vulnerability as a predictor of early mortality.

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that mental vulnerability (ie, a tendency to experience psychosomatic symptoms or inadequate interpersonal interactions) is associated with various diseases. The objective of our study is to evaluate whether mental vulnerability is a risk factor for early mortality. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 3 random samples of the population in Copenhagen County, Denmark selected in 1976, 1982-1984, and 1991 (n = 6435). Baseline data collection included measures of mental vulnerability, social factors, comorbidity, biologic risk markers (eg, blood pressure, lipid levels), and lifestyle factors. We determined vital status of the study sample through linkage to the Civil Registration System until 2001 and to the Cause of Death Registry until 1998. The mean follow-up time was 15.9 years for analysis of total mortality and 13.6 years for analysis of mortality as the result of natural causes. The association between mental vulnerability and survival was examined using Kaplan-Meir plots and Cox proportional-hazard models adjusting for possible confounding factors. RESULTS: With respect to mental vulnerability, 79% of the sample was classified as not vulnerable, 13% as moderately vulnerable, and 8% as highly vulnerable. Compared with the nonvulnerable group, highly vulnerable persons showed increased total mortality (hazard ratio = 1.6; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-1.9) and increased mortality from natural causes (1.6; 1.2-2.0). The inclusion of the mental vulnerability score as a continuous variable gave similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Mental vulnerability may be an independent risk factor for premature mortality. The biologic mechanisms that may underlie this association need further exploration.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Psychogeriatric patients in a general hospital: role of geropsychiatric consultation.

A total of 505 elderly patients aged 65 and over, seen at the Department of Psychiatry of Tosei General Hospital, were investigated retrospectively and classified according to the DSM-III-R criteria. The increase in the number of psychogeriatric patients over the last two decades was statistically significant. Organic mental disorders were most frequent (51%), followed by mood disorders (22%), sleep disorders (7%), somatoform disorders (6%), anxiety disorders (5%) and others. A high referral rate (42%) and a high incidence of various concurrent physical disorders (52%) were observed, and the role of geropsychiatric consultation in a general hospital was evaluated and discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

On energy, personality, and health: subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being.

In this article, we examine subjective vitality, a positive feeling of aliveness and energy, in six studies. Subjective vitality is hypothesized to reflect organismic well-being and thus should covary with both psychological and somatic factors that impact the energy available to the self. Associations are shown between subjective vitality and several indexes of psychological well-being; somatic factors such as physical symptoms and perceived body functioning; and basic personality traits and affective dispositions. Subsequently, vitality is shown to be lower in people with chronic pain compared to matched controls, especially those who perceive their pain to be disabling or frightening. Subjective vitality is further associated with self-motivation and maintained weight loss among patients treated for obesity. Finally, subjective vitality is assessed in a diary study for its covariation with physical symptoms. Discussion focuses on the phenomenological salience of personal energy and its relations to physical and psychological well-being.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of rapid urbanisation on child behaviour and health in a part of Khartoum, Sudan.

A study of child behaviour and health in a newly urbanised part of Khartoum was carried out in 1979-1980 on 245 children aged 3-15 yr. The same area had been investigated in 1965. Results show improvement in somatic health in older children. Behavioural symptoms increased more in boys than in girls, and more in older than in younger children, probably in proportion to the extent of their exposure to new external influences. In general there were still fewer behavioural problems in this population than has been reported from other developing and developed countries. Favourable aspects of community life still operating include extended family relations, durable marital commitments and mutually supportive communal interdependence and traditions of social control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of parent-referred and doctor-referred patients to child psychiatrists in Hong Kong: a research note.

The characteristics of 75 children referred to psychiatrists by medical practitioners in Hong Kong were compared with 56 children who were referred by their families to a community clinic. Their demographic characteristics, and the nature and severity of their illness, were quite similar. Medical practitioners tended to refer children with childhood psychosis and psychophysiological disorder. The reasons leading to different types of referral are discussed. A community child mental health clinic may be a useful model for providing psychiatric care to children in Hong Kong.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Mental health and psychological functioning in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: a comparison with children having other chronic illnesses and with healthy children.

Psychiatric disorders and behaviour problems were found to be commoner in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in matched comparison groups with tension headache and diabetes as well as in healthy children. Depression, anxiety and low self-esteem were common. Many children denied their problems. This may be due to the type of illness, its social consequences and the embarrassment experienced by the children. Discrepancies were found between the children's and their mothers' replies. These results are discussed in terms of their implication for paediatric practice.

Adolescent↗