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PubMedDate not supplied

Histochemistry of B663 pigmentation: ceroid-like pigmentation in macrophages.

Histochemical studies were made of pigmented cutaneous lesions from three cases of lepromatous leprosy treated with B663 to determine the nature and histogenesis of the brown pigmentation which develops as a side effect of the drug. One case of DDS-treated leprosy and four cases of untreated leprosy were also investigated histochemically as controls. The brown pigmentation of the skin is due to deposition of a ceroid-like substance in the macrophages, which is a yellowish-brown, acid-fast lipid pigment. It is insoluble in fat solvents and accepts lipid dyes even after lipid extraction by fat solvents. The macrophages in the B663-treated leprosy contain more neutral fat and less phospholipid than the untreated lepromatous leprosy tissues. Ceroid in the macrophages probably originated from unsaturated fatty acids of the leprosy bacilli through oxidation or their binding with the drug. Crystals of the drug were not found in the macrophages in this series, even on the tissues embedded in carbowax or frozen sections.

Ceroid↗
PubMed1994

[Localized recurrent light-induced Darier disease following Blaschko lines].

INTRODUCTION: Occurrence of localized Darier's disease was discussed. We report one case of photo-induced and localized Darier. CASE REPORT: Our patient had had a linear eruption every summer for ten years. Clinical and photological examinations showed an acantholytic dyskeratosis as well as Darier's disease. Lesions were reproduced during photobiological examinations by UVB phototests. DISCUSSION: Several diagnoses could have been considered: Darier's disease or acantholytic dyskeratosis dermatosis as Grover's disease or Hailey-Hailey's disease or acantholytic dyskeratosis nevus. Clinical features and linear eruption following Blaschko's lines pleads for cutaneous mosaicism of Darier's disease. Photobiological explorations and literature data shows that UVB photo-induced lesions are different from isomorphic response of Koebner after irritant application.

Darier Disease↗
PubMed1995

Dermatology.

Calcipotriene ointment has recently been approved for the treatment of moderate plaque psoriasis. Recent laser developments have created new and effective treatments for a variety of cutaneous pigmented disorders. Three new systemic fungicidal drugs have been developed in the treatment of tinea unguium.

Dermatologic Agents↗
PubMed1993

Clinical diagnosis of pigmented lesions using digital epiluminescence microscopy. Grading protocol and atlas.

BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: Epiluminescence microscopy (ELM) is a clinical technique that permits in vivo visual inspection of pigmented anatomic structures of the epidermis, dermoepidermal junction, and papillary dermis. A protocol is proposed for systematic visual inspection of pigmented lesions. Seventy pigmented lesions were imaged with a digital ELM camera system. Images were visually inspected for eight "global" ELM features, 23 "local" ELM features, and 18 network features. An atlas of the most clinically significant ELM features is presented with pilot estimates of their sensitivity and specificity for detecting melanoma. RESULTS: Preliminary data suggest that ELM features that may be most specific for melanoma include multicomponent pattern, nodular pattern, pseudopods, radial streaming, blue-gray areas, whitish veil (milky way), and sharp network margins. Epiluminescence microscopic features that may be most sensitive for melanoma include pigment dots, peripheral erythema, peripheral dark network patches, marked mean network irregularity, network line thickness variability, radial streaming, blue-gray areas, and whitish veil (milky way). Epiluminescence microscopic features that may be most sensitive for severe melanocyte atypia include pigment dots, peripheral erythema, hypopigmented network patches, peripheral dark network patches, marked mean network irregularity, and focal absence of network. In addition, features that may have a very high specificity for benign lesions include saccular pattern (suggests hemangioma), globular pattern (suggests a compound or dermal nevus), and multiple comedolike openings (suggests seborrheic keratosis). CONCLUSIONS: Features most sensitive for severe atypia and melanoma could form the basis for a screening test for considering biopsy. Features most specific for melanoma then could be applied to further triage management of pigmented lesions that meet initial screening criteria. In addition, features with very high specificity for benign lesions may help develop ELM criteria to avoid unnecessary surgery.

Atlases as Topic↗
PubMed1977

[Etiology and clinical aspects of liver cirrhosis].

This review deals with the clinically important aspects of etiology and symptoms of cirrhosis. Apart from alcohol and hepatitis, which are the most frequent etiological factors, also rare causes of cirrhosis are described, because their knowledge is important for the differential diagnosis of cryptogenic cirrhosis. Portal hypertension is the root of most symptoms and complications in cirrhosis. Therefore, a description of the haemodynamic changes precedes the extrahepatic syndromes, of which renal failures, ascites and portal encephalopathy are discussed more in detail.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1996

Topical calcitriol enhances normal hair regrowth but does not prevent chemotherapy-induced alopecia in mice.

Using a murine model that mimics chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) in humans particularly well, we show here that in contrast to previously reported CIA-protective effects in neonatal rats, topical calcitriol does not prevent CIA in adolescent mice but enhances the regrowth of normally pigmented hair shafts. When, prior to injecting 1 X 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide i.p., 0.2 microg calcitriol or vehicle alone were administered topically to the back skin of C57BL/6 mice with all hair follicles in anagen, no significant macroscopic differences in the onset and severity of CIA were seen. However, hair shaft regrowth after CIA, which is often retarded and patchy, thus displaying severe and sometimes persistent pigmentation disorders, was significantly accelerated, enhanced, and qualitatively improved in test compared with control mice. Histomorphometric analysis suggests that this is related to the fact that calcitriol-pretreated follicles favor the "dystrophic catagen pathway" of response to chemical injury, ie., a follicular repair strategy allowing for the unusually fast reconstruction of a new, undamaged anagen hair bulb. Thus, it may be unrealistic to expect that topical calcitriol can prevent human CIA, but topical calcitriols may well enhance the regrowth of a normal hair coat.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of the Nd/YAG laser for treatment of amateur and professional tattoos.

Two hundred and twenty-one amateur tattoos and 27 professional tattoos were treated with a Nd/YAG laser (lambda 1064 nm and 532 nm). The response was expressed as the percentage area cleared of tattoo. Seventy-nine per cent of amateur black tattoos were > or = 75% clear after one to five treatments (mean 2) at 1064 nm. The response of professional tattoos was slower and less complete. Seventy-four per cent of black professional tattoos were > or = 75% clear after one to 11 treatments (mean 6.3) at 1064 nm. Red tattoos responded well to 532 nm and were > or = 75% clear after one to five treatments. Yellow, orange, blue and green tattoos were resistant to treatment. Side-effects included minor scarring in 1.2% of tattoos and transient pigmentary changes in 77% of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Effective removal of certain skin pigment spots (lentigines) using the Q-switched ruby laser].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the results of treatment of lentigines with the so-called Q-switched ruby laser (QSRL). DESIGN: Descriptive. SETTING: Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders. Amsterdam, the Netherlands. METHOD: In 15 patients (nine women and six men), QSRL treatment was applied to solar lentigines (to patients), labial lentigines (2), segmental lentigines (2) and lentigo simplex (1): The light energy ranged from 3 to 10 J/sq.cm. RESULTS: In 11 of 15 patients, one treatment session sufficed to remove the lesion completely. Acute side effects were slight and transient. Six months after the treatment, none of the patients showed recurrences or scar formation. No hypo- or depigmentations were seen. CONCLUSION: In the cases described. QSRL is a successful treatment for lentigines. For lesions of this nature. QSRL is to be preferred above conventional forms of therapy, such as cryotherapy, chemical peeling and abrasion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The Q-switched neodymium:YAG laser and tattoos: a microscopic analysis of laser-tattoo interactions.

The Nd:YAG laser effectively removes or lightens amateur and professional tattoos. The biomechanics of the removal of tattoo particles at the cellular level are incompletely understood. We examined biopsies obtained from 35 amateur and professional tattoos (including coloured tattoos), treated on three or more occasions with the Nd:YAG laser. Biopsies taken immediately after laser treatment showed vacuolation with complete clearance of tattoo particles in the most superficial layers of the dermis, as assessed by light and electron microscopy. We propose that the 'disappearance' of the tattoo particle arises from the formation of atomic species and gaseous products, which are rapidly dissolved in the extracellular fluid. Residual fragmented particles that are commonly found in the mid- and lower dermis are rephagocytosed. The interaction between the Nd:YAG laser and black tattoo particles at 1064 nm, and red tattoo particles at 532 nm, appears to be specific, as there was little evidence of thermal damage to adjacent cells or stromal collagen.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Phototoxic textile dermatitis ("bikini dermatitis").

Phototoxic textile dermatitis with subsequent hyperpigmentation developed in two patients after they wore bikini bathing suits. After extraction of the dye from the bathing suits, 15 fractions could be visualized by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Two of these fractions are found in Disperse Blue 35, an anthraquinone dye known to give rise to occupational phototoxic dermatitis, but which, to our knowledge, has never been reported to cause dermatitis in consumers. One of the two fractions was also found to cause phototoxic reactions in normal subjects.

Adult↗