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Results for “Paranoid Behavior”

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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Verbal conditioning of affect responses of process and reactive schizophrenics in a clinical interview situation.

Sixteen process and 16 reactive schizoprenics out-patients were compared on a verbal conditioning task in an alternating conditioning-extinction design, using verbal and non-verbal positive social reinforcement to influence the emission of self-referred affect statements. It was found that process subjects failed to condition during the time periods used, while reactives demonstrated a significant trials effect showing trends consistent with those hypothesized from the type of design used. This differential conditionability between groups was shown not to be a function of diagnosis, sex, motivation, severity of illness, medication, hospitalization history, or general speech output. It was concluded that the degree of social responsiveness manifested in the premorbid history of the two groups is also operative in behaviour during the psychotic period, specifically, in responsiveness to positive social reinforcers in a verbal conditioning task.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Two new cases of XYY chromosome complement: and a review of the literature.

Two cases with XYY chromosome complement are presented and compared with 153 cases described in the literature. Some patients with abnormalities of personality development and manifest psychopathology may have sex chromosome abnormalities and should be studied further for the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in personality development. In particular, tall, schizoid impulsive men with a history of criminality, arson or sexual offences should be screened for this particular genetic configuration. Because of the biased manner by which most of the cases are found, it is not yet known whether an XYY genotype results in a characteristic phenotype. What is needed is a genetic study of a normal population and a prospective study of newborns with various genotypes which would, unfortunately, create complex research and ethical problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Pre-morbid psychopathology in schizophrenia spectrum.

In a prospective, longitudinal study of high-risk offspring of schizophrenic mothers, of several dimensions of pre-morbid behaviour 'peculiarity' predicted subsequent schizophrenia or schizotypy. Peculiarity/eccentricity may represent a subtle marker of the schizophrenic genotype. 'Pre-schizophrenics', as compared with 'pre-schizotypes', were characterised by affective dyscontrol, reflected in less introverted and more disturbed behaviour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Rhabdomyolysis after correction of hyponatremia due to psychogenic polydipsia possibly complicated by clozapine.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of rhabdomyolysis related to rapid correction of hyponatremia attributable to compulsive drinking of water, possible complicated by clozapine use. CASE SUMMARY: A 42-year-old white man treated with clozapine for schizophrenia was admitted for a generalized seizure. Marked hyponatremia due to psychogenic polydipsia was present. He developed a marked elevation of creatine kinase concentrations after correction of hyponatremia with hyperosmolar sodium solution, without clinical signs of rhabdomyolysis. DISCUSSION: Rhabdomyolysis associated with hyponatremia due to water intoxication has been reported in 17 patients to date. A possible explanation may lie within the framework of the calcium-sodium exchange across the skeletal muscle cell membrane. By increasing muscle cell permeability, clozapine treatment may possibly enhance the destruction of muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS: Hyponatremia due to water intoxication and concurrent use of clozapine should be considered in the differential diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis, especially in the severely psychiatrically disabled population.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Some observations on apathetic operant responding of chronic schizophrenics.

Schizophrenics and controls (normals and alcoholics) were compared in terms of their rates of talking (on any topic) and button-press responding when they were instructed to respond in certain ways and when they were reinforced for responding under a fixed ratio (FR) schedule. Subjects were given complete information about response-reinforcement relationships under the FR schedule. The results showed that, when subjects were told to talk at different rates, response rates of the schizophrenics and controls were fairly comparable. Reinforced rates of talking and button pressing were higher than non-reinforced rates for both the schizophrenics and controls. However, reinforced rates of talking and button-pressing were lower for the schizophrenics compared to the controls. Such apathetic responding by the schizophrenics could not be attributed readily to medication, to a limited capacity for response, to difficulties in understanding the instructions or the contingencies of reinforcement, to the rates of non-reinforced responding, or to the value of the reinforcer (money). It was suggested that the absence of instructions which told the schizophrenics at what rate to respond under the FR schedule may have been a factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Angel dust.

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Behavior↗