Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PLASTER CASTS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

The use of hybrid stereolithographic models for the planning of complex craniofacial procedures.

Preoperative planning of orthognathic surgery is usually based on plaster cast models. Those are integrated in an articulator, simulating the movement of the jaws. We present a new procedure to combine the individual jaw anatomy by stereolithographical models with dental plaster casts, which are more accurately reproducing dental and bony anatomy. For image fusion the patient and the individual plaster casts are scanned by computed tomography, the occlusal planes being covered by a splint with radioopaque makers. After threshold segmentation of both, the plaster cast and the patients skull images are fused. The plaster cast volume is then subtracted from the patients upper and lower jaw, thus sparing out the place for later fusion of stereolithographic model and plaster cast.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed2000

Cast treatment and intramedullary locking nailing for simple and spiral wedge tibial shaft fractures--a cost benefit analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the relative costs of treating simple and spiral wedge (requiring closed reduction under anaesthesia) tibial shaft fractures in a plaster cast or with intramedullary locking nail. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material consisted of 26 fractures treated in a plaster cast and 51 fractures treated with an intramedullary locking nail. The costs caused by the direct costs (treatment, hospitalisation, and outpatient appointments) as well as indirect costs (lost productivity) were taken into account. Costs caused by complications were also included in the analysis. RESULTS: Mean direct costs per patient were FIM 22920 and FIM 26952 and mean overall costs per patient were FIM 120486 and FIM 82224 in plaster cast and intramedullary locking nailing groups, respectively (FIM 1 = USD 0.19). The higher mean overall costs of the plaster cast group were attributable to the longer sick leave periods in this group (218 days in plaster cast group and 124 in intramedullary nailing group). CONCLUSION: Plaster cast treatment of simple and spiral wedge tibial shaft fractures requiring closed reduction under anaesthesia is more expensive to society than operative treatment with intramedullary locking nail.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Early treatment of trans-tibial amputees: retrospective analysis of early fitting and elastic bandaging.

This study investigates the effects of early fitting in trans-tibial amputees. The assumption is that compared to elastic bandaging, the use of a rigid dressing in early fitting will result in quicker wound healing and earlier ambulation. A retrospective file search was carried out in three different hospitals, analysing the time to first prosthesis, the incidence of local and general complications and the functional outcome after discharge from hospital. Each of the hospitals used a different method of postoperative care: elastic bandaging, immediate postoperative application of the plaster cast or delayed application of the plaster cast within one week post amputation. In comparison to the elastic bandaging method (N=52), the use of a rigid dressing in the early fitting method (immediate and delayed, N=97) resulted in a statistically significant shorter period from amputation to the delivery of a first regular prosthesis (110 days vs 50 days) and a decreased risk of knee flexion contracture. Although, differences in local complications were not observed, the risk of pressure sores in other places than the stump was increased in early fitting. Instead of further reducing the time to first prosthesis by immediate fitting, the use of delayed fitting resulted in a statistically significant shorter period from amputation to the delivery of a first regular prosthesis (56 vs 40 days). However, delayed fitting was associated with an increased risk for reamputation. In conclusion, this study indicates that early fitting by use of a rigid dressing after trans-tibial amputation is the treatment of choice. If it is possible to apply a plaster cast in the operating room, the authors would prefer the immediate fitting method.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Magnetic resonance imaging after reduction for congenital dislocation of the hip.

BACKGROUND: Reliable concentric reduction of the femoral head and subsequent retention in a centred position are indispensable preconditions for the remodelling of the acetabulum in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and to prevent damage to the hip joint, i.e. avascular necrosis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the necessity of verifying the reduced position of the articulation in the plaster cast. METHOD: MRI was carried out in 15 infants with 21 unstable hip joints after reduction under arthrographic control and fixation in a plaster cast in the 'human' position with the hips flexed above 90 degrees and abducted to 50 degrees or 60 degrees. When the reduction was found to be inadequate-the hip still partially or completely dislocated-the plaster cast was removed, reduction repeated, a new cast applied, and MRI carried out again. RESULTS: After primary reduction, 1 of 21 hips was dislocated, and 2 showed unsatisfactory reduction. Three hip joints out of 21 (14.3%) were not fixed in the plaster cast in the optimal centred position. CONCLUSION: In view of the number of inadequate reductions in plaster casts, we recommend verifying the position of the hip joint by MRI. This MRI documentation should be established as a standard examination post-reduction.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed2005

Late-onset spinal deformities in children treated by laminectomy and radiation therapy for malignant tumours.

This is a retrospective study of 76 children who had had malignant tumours treated with laminectomy or laminoplasty and/or radiation therapy affecting the spine. Spinal tumours in children are extremely rare. However, their treatment can result in progressive spinal deformity. Radiation therapy affecting the growing spine can lead to asymmetric vertebral growth, causing kyphosis and/or scoliosis. These spinal deformities pose one of the most challenging problems for the spine surgeon. The aim of this article is to describe late-onset post-laminectomy/post-radiation spinal deformities and to evaluate the results of their treatment. Seventy-six children, with a mean age of 4 years and 7 months (range, 2 months to 16 years), underwent surgical removal of malignant tumours, between 1961 and 1995. Sixty-seven of them developed post-laminectomy/post-radiation spinal deformity. Conservative treatment consisted of bracing and corrective plaster casts. In 46 cases the deformity was treated surgically. A distraction plaster cast was used as preoperative preparation in the more severe and rigid curves, with or without neurological impairment. Surgery consisted of combined anterior and posterior fusion in 39 cases and posterior fusion in seven cases. Posterior instrumentation was used in 38 cases. The mean follow-up period was 6 years and 7 months (range, 9 months to 20 years and 2 months). Nine children did not develop deformity following the primary tumour treatment. One of them underwent laminectomy with posterolateral fusion and eight had laminoplasty combined with external immobilisation. Forty-six children developed iatrogenic kyphosis and underwent surgical correction from a mean of 75 degrees pre-correction to a mean of 32 degrees . The mean scoliotic angle correction was 66 degrees preoperatively to 34 degrees postoperatively. At follow-up, the mean correction loss was 7 degrees in the sagittal plane and 5 degrees in the coronal plane. Preoperative distraction plaster cast treatment resulted in a correction of 39% in kyphosis and of 58% in scoliosis, and in a partial or complete recovery of neurological deficits in all but one patient. In severe and rigid curves that develop following treatment of paediatric spinal tumours, preoperative application of a distraction plaster cast can reduce deformity and facilitate surgical correction. Furthermore, in the case of pure bony compression of the spinal cord due to the apical vertebra of the deformity, treatment with the distraction plaster can result in recovery from the neurological impairment. The prevention of post-laminectomy/post-radiation spine deformities is emphasised. Rigid external immobilisation for a period of 4 months in the cervical spine and of 6 months in the thoracic spine is recommended after both laminoplasty and laminectomy with posterolateral fusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Effectiveness of ice packs in reducing skin temperature under casts.

Skin temperature lowering effects were measured after application of crushed ice packs to the surface of synthetic and plaster casts. The skin temperature of legs in synthetic casts decreased an average of 10.4 degrees C (range, 8.3 degrees-12.6 degrees) to a minimum temperature of 19.7 degrees C (range, 16.2 degrees-21.8 degrees), and the temperature of legs in plaster casts decreased an average of 11 degrees C to a minimum of 18.7 degrees C (range, 13 degrees-22.8 degrees). It took an average of 56 minutes (range, 40-80 minutes) for the legs in synthetic casts and 63.8 minutes (range, 26-116 minutes) for the legs in plaster casts to reach the minimum temperature. Cryotherapy is used clinically with the intention of lowering skin temperature and presumably decreasing the pain and swelling of a patient's injured extremity. The presence of a synthetic or a plaster cast does not eliminate the lowering effects of skin temperature when crushed ice packs are applied to the surface of the casts.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[3-dimensional computer-supported model and hologram evaluations].

For the three-dimensional measurement of plaster casts and holograms a self-fabricated measurement device will be introduced. This measurement device has the following specialties: 1. All measurements will be done without any subsidiary optical instruments like spectacles, microscope, binoculars or any thing else. Therefore a tire of measuring can be carried out. 2. Only two 3 mm deep holes should be ground in the base of the plaster casts as preparatory measures for the three-dimensional measurements of the plaster casts. 3. The menu- and window-orientated software gives the possibility for the collecting of data in a data bank. 4. The precision of these measurement results, even in the case of measuring holograms, are frequently better than the common way of measuring plaster casts. 5. The precision and information by the holograms are nearly the same, compared with the common plaster casts. 6. The tracing and measuring of the angles and lines by this newly measurement device guarantees the doctor a quick overview concerning the therapeutic measures. 7. The transfer of these data in the lateral-rays and in the posterior-anterior findings leads to a better diagnostic. That means the diagnostic horizon will be widened with this new method.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1997

[Muscular lengthening of the triceps by successive casts in children with cerebral palsy].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Twenty children with cerebral palsy who underwent elongation of the triceps surae using successive plaster-casts (28 short triceps) were reviewed. This study was retrospective. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Among the eighteen children, 10 were hemiplegic, 8 were diplegic and 2 were spastic quadriparetic. All of them except one were ambulatory children. The authors describe their elongation technique by plaster-casts and the treatment they lead. The mean age at time of elongation was 4 years and 6 months (range 2 years 4 months to 8 years). The passive dorsiflexion of the foot before elongation was of 0 degree (range -20 degrees to +10 degrees) knee in extension, and of 5 degrees (range -15 degrees to +15 degrees) knee in flexion. RESULTS: The passive dorsiflexion of the foot after elongation was of 23 degrees (range +10 degrees to +30 degrees) knee in extension, and of 27 degrees (range +10 degrees to +35 degrees) knee in flexion. One major complication was noted: the persistence of a varus foot in child after elongation. 24 elongations were reviewed with a mean follow-up of 21 months (range 12 months to 30 months). The passive dorsiflexion of the foot was of 10 degrees (range 0 degree to +20 degrees) knee in extension and of 17 degrees (range -5 degrees to +25 degrees) knee in flexion. DISCUSSION: Compared to different procedures (surgical lengthening, botulinum-A toxin) elongation by successive plaster-casts is a quick, safe, complication-free, and simple technique, whose results are equivalent. Even if recurrence of equinus is probable, a surgical procedure of lengthening could be made on an operative-free tendon. CONCLUSION: Elongation of the triceps surae muscle by successive plaster-casts constitutes a safe alternative technique compared to surgical procedure.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed2006

Reliability of linear measurements on a virtual bilateral cleft lip and palate model.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability and validity of measurements performed on three-dimensional virtual models of neonatal bilateral cleft lip and palate patients, compared with measurements performed on plaster cast models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten high-quality plaster cast models of bilateral cleft lip and palate patients were scanned with an LDI-scanner to obtain a three-dimensional virtual model. Linear measurements were performed on the plaster cast models using a digital caliper and also on the three-dimensional virtual model using Viscam RP version 2.1 software. The measurements were performed by two observers on two occasions. RESULTS: Intraclass correlations ranging from .81 to .96 were found for all measurements except the measurement between the constructed reference point pr and reference point i (intraclass correlation = .40). A post hoc procedure in which top-view screen prints of the three-dimensional virtual model were used to perform the measurement between reference points pr and i demonstrated an intraclass coefficient of .90. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional virtual models obtained by laser scanning neonatal cast models of bilateral cleft lip and palate patients can be used reliably and validly to perform linear measurements between existing reference points on the surface of the model using Viscam RP version 2.1 software. Measurements between reference points constructed outside the surface of the model cannot be validly performed on the three-dimensional virtual model with the software used in this study. For these measurements, top-view screen prints of the three-dimensional virtual model can be used.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2004

Fusion of computed tomography data and optical 3D images of the dentition for streak artefact correction in the simulation of orthognathic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the limits of accuracy of fusion of optical three-dimensional (3D) imaging and computed tomography (CT) with and without metal artefacts in an experimental setting and to show the application of this hybrid system in 3D orthognathic surgery simulation. METHODS: Ten plaster casts of dental arches were subjected to a CT scan and optical 3D surface imaging. Subsequently, the first molars in the plaster casts were supplied with metal restorations, bilaterally, and new CT scans and optical surface images were assessed. The registration of the surface data of the two imaging modalities of the study models without and with metal restorations was carried out. The mean distance between the two data sets was calculated. From a patient a CT scan of the skull as well as optical 3D images of plaster casts of the dental arches were acquired. Again the two imaging modalities were registered and virtual orthognathic surgery simulation was carried out. RESULTS: The mean distance between the corresponding data points of CT and optical 3D surface images was 0.1262+/-0.0301 mm and 0.2671+/-0.0580 mm, respectively, for the plaster casts without and with metal restorations. The differences between these data were statistically significant (P<0.0005). For the patient case a mean difference of 0.66+/-0.49 mm and 0.56+/-0.48 mm for mandible and maxilla, respectively, was calculated between CT and optical surface data. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of the fusion of 3D CT surface data and optical 3D imaging is significantly reduced by metal artefacts. However, it seems appropriate for virtual orthognathic surgery simulation, as post-operative orthodontics are performed frequently.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Tibial fracture stability. Analysis of external fracture immobilization in anatomic specimens in casts and braces.

Plaster casts, custom-fabricated fracture braces, and prefabricated fracture braces were compared in the laboratory for the stability they provided to closed, experimental, diaphyseal fractures of the tibia and fibula on anatomic specimens. The stability was comparable for each type of device tested for the loading conditions of isolated compression, bending, and torsion. Length stability (overriding at the fracture site) was poor, rotation was marginal (by clinical standards), and angulation was very good. Selective removal of portions of each cast and brace demonstrated that the classic patellar-tendon-bearing (PTB) extension proximally and below ankle extensions distally had insignificant effects on stability of these middle-third diaphyseal fractures for the conditions tested. The soft-tissue compression provided by a snug, tapered "cylindrical" sleeve, which encompassed the soft tissues from the tibial tubercle to the flare of the distal tibia and fibula, provided the stabilizing effect for all of the devices tested.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1998

Oscillating saw injuries during removal of plaster.

The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of injuries to patients who have had a plaster cast removed by oscillating circular saw at the Alexandra Hospital, Redditch, and to recommend measures to avoid such injuries. The record of each patient who had his/her plaster removed was kept in the plaster room and later studied. Over a 12-month period (1995-96), 3875 plaster casts were removed; 28 patients (0.72%) sustained abrasions or burns over the skin. Recently there has been a sudden rise in the number of cases who sustained injury or burns by oscillating saw following plaster cast removal and a few patients have demanded compensation from the hospital. These incidences prompted the start of this study. The identified cause of injury was the removal of a plaster cast by an inexperienced, ill-trained user or blunt saw blade. Strict protocols were required and have been introduced at the Alexandra Hospital to avoid litigation.

Burns↗
PubMed1990

Functional treatment of metacarpal fractures 100 randomized cases with or without fixation.

Totally, 100 hundred subcapital or diaphyseal fractures of the second through the fifth metacarpal were randomized to either a dorsal/ulnar plaster cast immobilizing the wrist and the joints of the involved digits or a functional cast allowing the wrist and the digits a free range of motion. Due to better retaining ability, functional casting reduced volar angulation by two thirds for metacarpal shaft fractures and by one third for metacarpal neck fractures when compared with plaster cast immobilization. Restriction of wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joint movements was more frequent in the cast group, but did not influence the overall function 3 months postinjury. Sick leave was reduced by two thirds after functional casting compared with the plaster cast group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Rerupture after operation for total Achilles tendon rupture].

BACKGROUND: Over the period 1991-2000 the postoperative treatment of total Achilles tendon ruptures at St. Olav Hospital was changed from plaster cast during 6 weeks to plaster cast during the first 14 days and subsequently orthosis treatment from 2nd to 6th week postoperatively. The purpose of the study was to analyze the treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures at the department with main emphasis on whether there had been an increase in reruptures and, if this was the case, could it be attributed to the change to orthosis treatment postoperatively. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to all patients (n = 301) registered in the hospital database during the period 1991-2000 with a diagnosis of rupture of the Achilles tendon. RESULTS: 221 patients returned the questionnaire (73%). In 1991-1995, 16.8% were treated postoperatively with orthosis, compared to 71.9% in 1996-2000. The rerupture frequency had increased from 5.6% to 11.4%, but there was no significant difference in rerupture frequency between those treated with orthosis treated (8.0%) and those treated with plaster only (9.1%). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in patient-reported satisfaction with the treatment, nor in the length of sick-leave. INTERPRETATION: These results do not support the possibility that the tendency towards increased number of reruptures is associated with a change in postoperative treatment with orthosis.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed2002

Recovering motor performance of the foot after Achilles rupture repair: a randomized clinical study about early functional treatment vs. early immobilization of Achilles tendon in tension.

The purpose of the study was to examine the recovery of some motor performance aspects of the lower extremity after Achilles tendon (AT) rupture repair by early functional postoperative treatment and early postoperative immobilization of the AT in tension in the early phase of recovery. The measured motor performance aspects were reaction time, speed of movement, foot tapping speed and coordination. The study population comprised 30 patients operated on for an acute, complete, closed AT rupture. The surgical technique was Kessler sutures plus one aponeurosis flap in all cases, and postoperatively the subjects were randomly divided to have immobilization with a plaster cast or an active brace. Measurements were made 12 and 24 weeks after the operation. There were no statistically significant differences in the results between the operated and contralateral nonoperated lower extremities 12 and 24 weeks after the operation in either group. When the results were compared between the plaster cast and active brace groups, no statistically significant differences were seen in reaction times, speed of movement, tapping speed and anterior-posterior coordination on either side, but the lateral coordination value of the operated leg was higher in the plaster cast group than in the active brace group 12 weeks after the operation (p<0.05). By 24 weeks after the operation, this unique difference had disappeared. It seems that the recovery of the above mentioned motor performance functions of the leg does not depend on whether the leg is in a plaster cast with the AT in tension or in an active brace during the early postoperative period after AT rupture repair. These functions of the operated leg had recovered to the level of the contralateral nonoperated leg by 12 weeks after the operation.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1989

Early postoperative weight-bearing and muscle activity in patients who have a fracture of the ankle.

Fifty-six patients who had a displaced fracture of the ankle necessitating surgical fixation were randomly assigned to one of three postoperative treatment regimens: no plaster cast or weight-bearing, and active exercises of the ankle; a non-weight-bearing plaster cast; or a plaster walking cast for the first six postoperative weeks. At follow-up with a duration of as much as two years, there were no consistent differences in the clinical results between the three groups. The time lost from work and the proportion of excellent and good clinical results were also uninfluenced by the postoperative regimen. No adverse effects could be detected as a result of the patient's having walked before the syndesmosis screw had been removed. It was concluded that none of the three postoperative regimens has any advantage over the others in a patient who has a stable osteosynthesis of a fracture of the ankle.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[The principles and techniques of cast application].

In this chapter, the chemical properties of the plaster cast and synthetic cast, the techniques of the plaster bandage, and its complications are discussed. The plaster cast is one of the useful materials in the treatment of the orthopedic surgery. Orthopedic surgeon must improve the skill of plaster bandage.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2004

Interventions for isolated diaphyseal fractures of the ulna in adults.

BACKGROUND: Isolated fractures of the shaft of the ulna, which are often sustained when the forearm is raised to shield against a blow, are generally treated on an out-patient basis. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of various forms of treatment for isolated fractures of the ulnar shaft in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group specialised register (November 2003), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 4, 2003), MEDLINE (1966 to November week 2 2003), EMBASE (1981 to 2003 week 51) and CINAHL (1982 to December week 2 2003), Current Controlled Trials (accessed November 2003), the UK National Research Register (up to Issue 4, 2003 ), various conference proceedings and bibliographies of relevant articles. Date of the most recent search: December 2003. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised trials of conservative and surgical treatment of isolated fractures of the ulnar shaft in adults. Excluded were fractures of the proximal ulna and Monteggia fracture dislocations. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Independent quality assessment and data extraction were performed by the reviewers. Requests for more information were sent to trialists. Given the limited and generally poor quality evidence available, quantitative analysis was kept to a minimum. MAIN RESULTS: One new trial comparing two types of plates used for the surgical fixation of these fractures was included in the fifth update of this review. Thus there are now three trials, involving a total of 135 patients. All three trials were methodologically flawed, particularly the two trials of conservative treatment. One of these compared short arm pre-fabricated functional braces with long arm plaster casts. There was no statistically significant difference in the time it took for fracture union. Patient satisfaction and return to work were better in the brace group. The other, a quasi-randomised trial, compared Ace Wrap elastic bandage, short arm plaster cast and long arm plaster cast. The large loss to follow-up in this trial makes any data analysis tentative. However the need for replacement of the Ace wrap by other methods due to pain does indicate the potential for a serious problem with this intervention. There were no statistically significant differences in anatomical or functional outcomes nor complications between the two plate groups in the surgical trial. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence from randomised trials to determine which method of treatment is the most appropriate for isolated fractures of the ulnar shaft in adults. There is a need to establish the incidence of this injury and the outcome and associated costs of the various forms of treatment. Well designed randomised trials of current forms of conservative treatment are recommended.

Adult↗