Letter: pharmacognocist versus pharmacognosist.
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Pharmacognosy↗
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[A study on the nutrient physiology of Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl].
By means of observing at regular intervals and on tixed plants, the growth stages, organogenetic habits, content of nutrient elements and its changing regularity, storage habit of dry matter, relationship between aerial and subterraneous parts, and fertilizer requirements have been studied for Ophiopogen japonicus.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
[Textual research on herb youba].
A textual research has been conducted to clarify the botanical origin of the herb Youba in ancient medicinal literatures. The name Youba in (Xin Xiu Ben Cao) published in the Tang dynasty and (Ben Cao Gang Mu) published in the Ming dynasty has been confirmed to be the immature tuber of Pinellia pedatisecta (without branches around the tuber), whereas the same name Youba in (Zhi Wu Ming Shi Tu Kao) published in the Qing dynasty refers to Arisaema yunnanense.
China↗
[Anatomy of Aconitum finetianum Hand.-Mazz].
The primary xylem of plump taproot of Aconitum finetianum is the diarch with xylem in the center. In the action of the secondary structure of the herb, the meristem is first produced in the secondary phloem, then the anomalous cambium is produced in the secondary xylem forms a new and splits into anomalous structure. In the action of anomalous structure of the herb, the meristem in the secondary phloem sinks inwardly from many sites, and forms many rings with the anomalous cambium. One of these rings forms a special endodermis and the protostele turns into the schizogenous stele.
Magnoliopsida↗
[Identification of semen Cuscutae by HPCE].
A method for identification of semen Cuscutae, a traditional Chinese herb, was developed. The proteins in semen Cuscutae were extracted under acid or basic conditions and separated by high performance capillary electrophoresis. The electrophoretograms of acidic or basic extractants from Cuscuta chinensis Lam., Cuscuta australis R. Br. and Cuscuta japonica Choisy showed significant differences, which can be used to identify the three different semen Cuscutae. The results of the identification for 13 pharmacognosical samples agreed well with those of scanning electronic microscopy and tissue microanalysis.
Drug Contamination↗
[Morphological characteristics of fruits and seeds of Chinese Caesalpinia and its taxonomic significance].
OBJECTIVE: To set up a toxonomic approach to the morphological characteristics of fruits and seeds of Chinese Caesalpinia. METHOD: The ripe fruits collected in the field are dried in the shade, are surveyed and described and the fruit's and seed's morphological characteristics. RESULT: The interspecific differences of morphological characteristics among the fruits and seeds are obvious. The characteristics are stable. A key for their identification is given. CONCLUSION: The above approach can be used as the taxonomic criteria for species differentiation.
Caesalpinia↗
[Observation on the surface characteristics of the leaves of Dysosma and its related genus by scanning electronic microscope].
OBJECTIVE: To observe the surface characteristics of leaves of Dysosma and its related genus by SEM for identification. METHOD: Leaf surface characteristics of seven species of Dysosma and tow species of its related genus were observed by scanning electronic microscopic method. RESULT: The leaf surface characteristics of upper epidermis and lower epidermis of the nine plants are different from each other. A key and illustrations were listed. CONCLUSION: The leaf surface characteristics observed by SEM can be used for identification of Dysosma and its related plants.
Magnoliopsida↗
[Observation on trachea inner walls of six species of Sect. Stenophora by scanning electronic microscope].
OBJECTIVE: To probe and identify the ultramicro characteristics of trachea inner walls(TIW) of six species of Sect. Stenophora, i.e., Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae, Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae, Rhizoma Dioscoreae Futschauensis, Rhizoma Dioscoreae Gracillimae, Rhizoma Dioscoreae Tokoro and Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis, by scanning electron microscope (SEM). METHOD: The vertical microscopical sections are stuck on the platform of species and metal plated. TIW were observed and photographed by SEM. RESULT: The ultramicro characteristics of TIW, i.e., the smoothnesss of TIW, the existence of separation bands, the density, arrangement types, shapes and sizes of pits, etc., can be seen clearly under SEM. Further, there exist differences in the ultramicro characteristics of each species. CONCLUSION: The above six species of crude drugs can be identified according to their ultramicro characteristics of TIW. SEM can be used to study the ultramicro characteristics of crude drug rhizomas thus creating a new area for identifying crude drugs.
Magnoliopsida↗
[Analysis of isoenzymes in six kinds of caulis drug by means of polyacrylamide gel slab electrophoresis].
OBJECTIVE: To probe into the possibility of application of electrophoresis in the identification of caulis drugs. METHOD: The isoenzymes of peroxidase, esterase and amylase in six kinds of caulis drug with similar characteristics were analyzed by means of polyacrylamide gel slab electrophoresis. RESULT: The bands of isoenzymogram of peroxidase are the clearest of all, and band number and mobility rates of the six drugs differ from one another, showing a remarkable interspecific distinction. CONCLUSION: Electrophoresis of isoenzymes of peroxidase can be employed as one of the effective means in differentiating caulis drugs.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
[Diagnostic significance of cuticular patterns on corolla surface from Pueraria spp].
OBJECTIVE: To provide reference materials for the classification and identification of Pueraria spp. by studying the cuticular patterns on corolla surface. METHOD: The cuticular patterns of corolla were observed under SEM (scanning electron microscope). RESULT: The species of the genus Pueraria are defferent from each other in cuticular patterns. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic characters of the cuticular patterns on corolla surface can be used for the classification and identification of Pueraria spp.
Fabaceae↗
[Species and distribution of Ainsliaea medicinal plants in Guizhou].
OBJECTIVE: To gain a clear idea of the medicinal plant Ainsliaea in Guizhou Province. METHOD: Collecting data and conducting spot investigation. RESULT: The distribution, growing environment and medicinal parts of 16 species and 1 variety of Ainsliaea have been clarified, and an index for their identification is presented. CONCLUSION: The investigation has been proved ture and useful in further studying the medicinal plant Ainsliaea.
Asteraceae↗
[Identification of commercial Chinese medicine ziwan].
OBJECTIVE: Commercial samples of Ziwan have been investigated and identified to find out the original species in circulation. METHOD: Comparative histological and morphological identification. RESULT: The main original plant species are Aster tataricus, Ligularia fischeri, L. hodgsonii, L. intermedia, L. wilsoniana, L. sibirica var. araneosa, L. veitchiana and L. caloxantha. CONCLUSION: The root and rhizome of A. tataricus are used as Ziwan in most areas of China; but those of Ligularia species are used as Ziwan(named Shanziwan) in southwest, and part of northwest and northeast areas of China.
Asteraceae↗
George Edward Trease (1902-1986) - a man of his time.
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Education, Pharmacy↗
Study on the difference between Shennong's drug nature quoted by Wu Puu and by Shennong's drug in material medical in classified syndromes (Zheng).
Several questions were mentioned through the analysis and comparison of "Shennong's drug nature" (DN) as quoted by Wu Pu's Meteria Madica (WP) and Materia Medica of Classified Syndrome (Zheng) (ZL). These include: (1) The DN in ZL are incomplete, the "toxic nontoxic" terms were absent here; (2) There were different editions of ancient "Shennong's Canon of Materia Medica", carrying different numbers of drugs, including 365 kinds, 595, 441, 319 kinds respectively; (3) some of the drugs indicated as DN were, strangely, indicated as "drugs of supplemented Records" in ZL.
China↗
[One hundred years of medications (Conference: Lyon, 11 Mar. 1997)].
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Drug Therapy↗
Zakhira-e-Nizam Shahi: a medical manuscript of Nizam Shahi period.
Medical manuscripts are the great source of medical history. They show the names of medicine men, their contributions and indicate the worth of medical literature existed in a particular period. some times they revewl the medical knowledge of the kings and nobles, their medical status and activities performed in different periods. For example, it is said that Burhan Nizam Shah of Ahmed Nagar was an expert in medical science. Most of the physicians who had privilege of attending upon him were put to test by him. He used to encourage the medical scholars to write new books on medicine. This article deals with one of such manuscripts, viz., "Zakhira-e-Nizam Shahi', of Nizam Shahi period, compiled by Rustum Jurjani, which contains twenty chapters in two volumes. According to Hk. Zahoori, it is a valuable addition to the science of pharmacology and treatment.
History, 16th Century↗