Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Overbite”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Anchorage provided during intra-arch distal molar movement: a comparison between the Nance appliance and a fixed frontal bite plane.

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate and compare the anchorage provided with the Nance appliance (NA) and the fixed frontal bite plane (FBP) during intra-arch distal molar movement. After a sample size calculation, 20 patients were recruited and randomly selected for each group from patients who fulfilled the following criteria: use of an intra-arch Ni-Ti coil appliance with either NA or FBP to provide anchorage during a six-month molar distalization period, no orthodontic treatment before molar distalization, and first and second maxillary molars in occlusion. The outcome measures assessed were anchorage loss, ie, anterior movement of maxillary central incisors, distal movement of maxillary molars, and bite opening effect. The mean age in the NA group was 14.7 years (SD 1.09) and in the FBP group 15.0 years (SD 0.99). The data revealed that the maxillary central incisors moved anteriorly 1.4 mm in the NA group and 1.9 mm in the FBP group. The difference in anchorage loss was not significant. The mean amount of molar distalization within the maxilla was 1.7 mm in the NA group and 1.8 mm in the FBP group. In both groups, the overbite was significantly reduced and the overbite was decreased significantly more in the FBP group. Because neither the NA nor FBP provided stable anchorage, a second treatment phase is recommended to reverse the anchorage loss after distal molar movement. If molar distalization is planned in deep bite cases, the FBP is the anchorage system of choice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Initial effects of the tongue crib on tongue movements during deglutition: a Cine-Magnetic resonance imaging study.

The objective of this study was to investigate the initial effects of a tongue crib on tongue movements during deglutition by using real time balanced turbo field echo (B-TFE) Cine-MR imaging. A total of 21 patients were evaluated in this study. The open-bite group (OBG) consisted of 11 patients (seven girls, four boys) who had a mean age of 11.09 +/- 2.02 years and a mean overbite of -5.14 +/- 1.83 mm. These patients were evaluated initially (T1) and while wearing a tongue crib (T2). A total of 10 patients (five girls, five boys) with a mean age of 14.5 +/- 2.6 years and with a mean overbite of 1.6 +/- 0.5 mm served as controls (CG), and only initial records were obtained from these patients. T2 was compared with T1 and CG. T1 was also compared with CG. We evaluated deglutition during three stages matching oral (1), pharyngeal (2), and esophageal (3) stages. Our results indicated that the tongue's tip positioned more posteriorly when the crib was in place (T2) compared with both T1 and CG; the anterior portion of the tongue's dorsum was at a lower position in T2 compared with both T1 and CG at stage 3; the midportion of the tongue's dorsum was at a lower position in T2 than in T1 and CG at stages 1 and 2. To compensate for the posterior position of the tongue's tip (caused by the tongue crib), adaptive changes occurred in the anterior and midportions of the dorsum of the tongue.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2006

Long-term dentofacial changes in Chinese obstructive sleep apnea patients after treatment with a mandibular advancement device.

The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term dentofacial changes in Chinese obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients treated with a mandibular advancement device (MAD). Lateral cephalograms in natural head posture were obtained from 67 consecutive OSA patients (mean age = 46.9 +/- 8.9 years) treated with an MAD. The cephalograms were obtained at start of treatment (T0), after 1 year (T1), 2 years (T2), and 3 years (T3) of treatment. The lateral cephalograms were digitized twice, and the average of two readings was used for statistical analyses. Small, but statistically significant changes occurred in some dentofacial variables. The lower anterior facial height steadily increased during the observation period, and this increase was significant for the T0-T1 and T1-T2 periods and marginally significant for the T2-T3 period. A significant increase in the mandibular plane angle was observed during the T0-T1 and T2-T3 periods only. Significant reductions in the overjet and overbite were observed for the T0-T1 period but not thereafter. Statistically significant dentofacial changes were observed in this study, but they were of small magnitude. The overjet and overbite changes observed mainly occurred at the initial stage of treatment.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed2000

Stability of anterior openbite correction with multiloop edgewise archwire therapy: A cephalometric follow-up study.

Successful treatment of anterior openbite malocclusion is considered one of the most challenging areas in orthodontics. This study was designed to evaluate the treatment effects of the multiloop edgewise archwire therapy in openbite correction and to investigate the stability of correction during a 2-year follow-up period. The subjects consisted of 55 white patients who presented with anterior openbite. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: the growing group included 29 patients and the nongrowing group included 26 patients. The lateral cephalograms were analyzed for skeletal, esthetic, and dentoalveolar changes. Analysis of the pretreatment and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs revealed that the overbite increased an average of 4 mm in both the growing and the nongrowing groups. Analysis of the posttreatment and follow-up cephalometric radiographs proved that the treatment results obtained by this therapy were very stable. The changes in overbite during the 2-year follow-up period were not significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Early treatment of vertical skeletal dysplasia: the hyperdivergent phenotype.

This cephalometric study evaluated an early nonextraction treatment approach for patients with severe vertical skeletal dysplasia and maxillary transverse constriction. Thirty-eight patients, 8.2 years (+/- 1.2 years) of age, were treated for 1.3 years (+/- 0.3 years) with lip seal exercises, a bonded palatal expander appliance, and a banded lower Crozat/lip bumper. The bonded palatal expander functioned as a posterior bite-block and was fixed in place throughout treatment. Patients with poor masticatory muscle force (79%) wore a high-pull chincup 12 to 14 hours per day. A control group was matched for age, sex, and mandibular plane angle. Treatment changes for chincup and other patients were not significantly different. Overall, treatment significantly enhanced condylar growth, altered it to a more anterosuperior direction, and produced "true" forward mandibular rotation 2.7 times greater than control values. Posterior facial height increased significantly more in patients than in controls, and the maxillary molars showed relative intrusion. In treated patients, articular angle increased, gonial angle decreased, and the chin moved anteriorly twice as much as in controls. Treatment also led to increased overbite and decreased overjet. Maxillary and mandibular expansion did not cause the mandibular plane angle to increase. The 16 patients with openbite malocclusions exhibited a 2.7 mm increase in overbite and inhibition of growth in anterior lower facial height. The aggregate of individual changes demonstrates a net improvement, indicating this treatment approach may be suited for hyperdivergent patients with skeletal discrepancies in all 3 planes of space.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2001

Treatment of a Class II Division 2 malocclusion with space reopening for a single-tooth implant.

This case report describes the treatment of an adolescent girl with a skeletal Class II Division 2 malocclusion and impinging overbite. One of 2 previously extracted premolars had to be replaced by a single-tooth implant after adequate space reopening. An optimal overbite-overjet relationship was achieved through significant intrusion and proclination of maxillary and mandibular incisors. A horizontally impacted mandibular second molar was repositioned to ensure a 2-molar arch integrity. Resolution of the gingival smile line and favorable facial changes were also obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Is the postretention relapse of maxillary and mandibular incisor alignment related?

Previous studies suggest a poor association between initial and postretention pattern of incisor irregularity. One explanation may be that the incisor movements are limited by the boundaries provided by the incisors in the opposite arch. If so, postretention malalignment of the maxillary and mandibular incisors may be related. To test this hypothesis, long-term postretention study models of 96 patients with acceptable occlusion at the time of appliance removal were examined. The occlusal surfaces of the postretention study models were photocopied, and tooth anatomical contact points were digitized. An algorithm was used to fit the dental arch to the digitized points. The amount of incisor rotation and anatomical contact point displacement of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth, relative to their respective dental arches, were computer generated. Overbite, the number of occlusal contact points in the anterior segment, and concavity of the lingual surfaces of the maxillary incisors were recorded manually. Statistical analyses demonstrated a significant association (P <.05) between the overall irregularity of the maxillary and mandibular incisors. The association did not differ among subgroups that were stratified according to overbite or number of occlusal contacts. No associations were found for the overall amount of incisor rotation in the 2 arches (P >.05). The amount and direction of displacement of antagonistic pairs of maxillary and mandibular central incisors were also associated (P <.05), but not the amount and direction of rotation (P >.05). The lingual configuration of the maxillary incisors did not affect the pattern of mandibular incisor malalignment.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Long-term stability of skeletal Class III patients treated with splints, Class III elastics, and chincup.

Long-term results from orthopedic management of skeletal Class III malocclusions are sparse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability of results after facial growth and treatment with splints, Class III elastics, and chincup (SEC III) and to investigate the main determinants of relapse. Data from pretreatment, posttreatment, and long-term (at least 3 years after retention) serial cephalograms of 52 patients who received SEC III treatment were studied: only those with long-term data when growth had ceased (women over 18 and men over 21 years of age) were selected. At the end of the follow-up period (an average of 9 years), only 6 of the 52 patients had clinical relapse (overjet <or= 0). Low Wits appraisal, ANB angle, and overbite, and high SNB angle were the best predictors of relapse at the end of the treatment. Significantly greater decreases of the Wits appraisal and increases of ramus length during the follow-up were further associated with relapse. SEC III is a reliable treatment for skeletal Class III malocclusions. Long-term stability can be enhanced by a deeper overbite and the best possible skeletal correction. The results suggest that the correction occurs with no mandibular rotation but might be better with forward rotation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Selection of criteria for assessment of occlusal acceptability.

There is no general agreement on criteria that could be applied to distinguish between orthodontically acceptable and non-acceptable occlusions after the completion of dental development. The aim of the present study was to analyse morphological and functional features that could be used as an index to define an acceptable occlusion in young adults. Three expert panels representing specialists in orthodontics and stomatognathic physiology participated in a modified Delphi method. Each panel responded to a questionnaire concerning the usefulness of various occlusal features, and a set of characteristics was selected on the basis of the responses; thereafter, applicability of the chosen characteristics and their cut-offs for an acceptable non-acceptable dichotomy was tested clinically. To obtain a consensus level of 100%, the last panel session was completed with a group discussion. Assessments made using the morphological criteria were compared with those made with the dental health component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. The selected morphological characteristics consisted of overjet, overbite, canine relationship, crossbite, scissors bite and midline deviation. The functional evaluation comprised assessments of discrepancy between the centric relation and the intercuspal position, working- and non-working-side contacts and protrusion contacts. The dental health component and our morphological criteria showed different sensitivity to contact point displacements, interdigitation in buccal segments and increased overbite. This study provides a set of morphological and functional indicators reflecting the current consensus opinion of Finnish professionals. Further studies are needed to analyse the reproducibility of assessment of the characteristics included.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The effects of the spring-loaded posterior bite-block on the maxillo-facial morphology.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the spring-loaded bilateral posterior occlusal bite-block on the maxillo-facial morphology, with emphasis on the response of the facial structures to the progressively increased vertical dimension. Our sample consisted of two groups: eleven open-bite subjects having a mean age of 10.30 years, treated with spring-loaded posterior bite-blocks over a mean period of 0.49 +/- 0.08 years (6 months); and twelve open bite subjects with a mean age of 9.84 years, treated by means of passive posterior bite-block and vertical chin-cap for a mean period of 0.67 +/- 0.03 years (8 months). The average daily use of the appliances was 16 hours. The study was carried out on lateral head films taken prior to and after treatment, which was concluded when an overbite of 1-1.5 mm was achieved. The results did not reflect any statistically significant difference between the groups when considering the changes in the horizontal growth pattern of the mandible, the decrease of the lower and the total anterior facial heights, or the overbite achieved by the two types of posterior bite-blocks. The artificial increase of the vertical dimension contributed to a statistically significant increase in the ramal inclination in both groups, though greater in the spring-loaded posterior bite-block group.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1992

Stability of surgical correction of patients with Skeletal III and Skeletal II anterior open bite, with increased maxillary mandibular planes angle.

The surgical correction of eleven Class III patients and 10 Class II patients with a long face, increased maxillary mandibular planes angle and anterior open bite was undertaken using bimaxillary surgical procedures. Lateral skull radiographs were examined pre-operatively, 48 hours, and 1 year post-operatively, to quantify the amount and direction of surgical change achieved and the subsequent stability. There was no consistent pattern in the actual movements achieved in either group of patients in the maxillae or the mandibles. Some of the cases being impacted and continuing to impact, others impacting then relapsing. In the Class III patients some of the mandibular set backs remained stable others relapsing and some continuing to move posteriorly. However, despite these inconsistent patterns, there was a 7-degree reduction in the maxillary mandibular planes angle which relapsed by 1.7 degrees over the first year. The overbite was increased from -6 mm to +3.1 mm post-operatively and this relapsed at the 1 year stage to +2.4 mm. The overjet reduced from -4 to 1.7 mm and continued to improve to -0.9 mm at the 1-year stage. In the Class II patients some of the mandibular advancements remained stable others relapsing and some continuing to advance. However, despite these inconsistent patterns there was a 9-degree reduction in the maxillary mandibular planes angle which reduced by a further degree at the 1 year stage. The overbite was increased from -4.6 to -1.6 mm post-operatively and this remained stable at the 1 year stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1992

The effect of treatment of skeletal open bite with two types of bite-blocks.

The treatment of anterior skeletal open bite was studied in two groups of children. The children of one group wore a removable spring-loaded bite-block in the lower jaw for one year. The bite-block exerted an intrusive force on the upper and lower posterior teeth. The children of the other group were treated for 3 months with bite-blocks with repelling magnets. These bite-blocks were cemented on the posterior teeth of both jaws. The effects of treatment were monitored by measurement of the bite-force (group with spring bite-blocks only), by electromyographic recording of the activity of the temporal and masseter muscles, and by X-ray cephalometry. Recordings were made before, during, and at the end of the treatment, and at a follow-up observation. The bite-force increased during the first months of treatment, but was then unchanged. The activity of the masseter muscle during maximal bite also increased in the first part of the period of treatment with a spring bite-block. In the group treated with magnetic bite-blocks, there was an increase in the resting activity of the masseter muscle and in the chewing activity of the anterior temporal muscle. The effects of the treatment on bite and facial morphology were less marked in the group with spring bite-blocks than in the group with magnetic bite-blocks, with an average improvement of the overbite of 1.3 mm with the spring bite-block therapy. In the group with magnetic bite-blocks, the average improvement in overbite was 3 mm. This was thought to be due to anterior rotation of the mandible and increased eruption of the incisors. The mandibular rotation was a result of intrusion of the upper and lower posterior teeth and possibly also increased mandibular growth. A follow-up of the cases treated with magnetic bite-blocks revealed a tendency for the beneficial effects of the treatment to relapse which possibly could be counteracted by a long phase of active retention.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1993

Class III malocclusion: the post-retention findings following a non-extraction treatment approach.

A retrospective, cephalometric study was made of a group of 28 successfully treated, Class III, Skeletal III children, who were considered suitable for orthodontic correction of their malocclusions. All had undergone non-extraction therapy, involving a combination of upper incisor proclination and headgear to an intact mandibular dentition and were available for review at least 2 years after all treatment and retention had ceased. Only girls over the age of 16 years and boys above 18 years of age at the post-retention recall were included. Data were examined at the beginning and end of active treatment, and at least two years out of retention. Where differences between the sexes were apparent, data for each sex were given separately. Where no significant differences were seen, data were pooled. Overjet correction was achieved by a combination of upper and lower incisor movement with no alteration in overbite. This was accompanied by a downward and backward repositioning of the mandible, redirecting, rather than restricting mandibular growth. Post-retention, demonstrable skeletal development occurred in both male and female faces. Normal patterns of facial growth reasserted themselves, reversing many treatment effects. The mandible reverted to a more horizontal direction of development, but because no growth restriction had occurred during treatment, no 'catch-up' growth of the lower jaw could be shown. Mandibular growth exceeded that of the maxilla, and since upper and lower incisor inclinations remained unaltered, both overbite and overjet reduced. Reflecting the underlying growth pattern, the lips became more retrusive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A long-term cephalometric evaluation of treated Class II division 2 malocclusions.

A retrospective study was conducted in order to evaluate post-retention changes of skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue variables in Class II division 2 malocclusions. Data were obtained from lateral cephalograms of children with Class II division 2 malocclusions which were taken before orthodontic treatment (T00; n = 81), post-retention (T0; n = 81), 2 years post-retention (T2; n = 65) and 5 years post-retention (T5; n = 44). A two-way ANOVA with sex and age as predictors was applied. Significant sex and age influences for the increments were mostly found during treatment (T00-T0), but especially for skeletal variables also during T0-T5. The changes over time were more pronounced for males than for females. The changes over time were less pronounced in older age groups. Sagittal and vertical facial dimensions were increased by growth and therapy. The skeletal Class II pattern was reduced significantly during T00-T0. Several skeletal variables indicated an anterior rotational growth pattern of the mandible post-retention. The interincisal angle and the overbite were reduced, and the upper incisors were torqued during treatment. The inclination of upper and especially lower incisors showed some relapse post-retention. The overbite and the interincisal angle increased significantly post-retention. The lip line was lowered during treatment. The soft-tissues showed horizontal and vertical growth during treatment while there were no remarkable changes afterwards. Due to growth the nose and the chin became more pronounced in the face.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

A long-term evaluation of treated Class II division 2 malocclusions: a retrospective study model analysis.

Pre-treatment, end of treatment, and post-retention study models of 30 subjects with a Class II division 2 malocclusion were assessed, after a period of at least 3 years, in order to evaluate the long-term changes in occlusion, alignment, and arch dimensions. Molar relationship correction was found to be stable after retention. There were no variables which could be used to establish a prognosis of vertical stability. Over-correction of overbite was seen to relapse. Ten per cent of the cases showed unacceptable anterior maxillary irregularities after retention. Mandibular arch width and length usually showed a decrease after retention. An increase in lower intercanine width and arch length achieved by orthodontic treatment always relapsed. This relapse was associated with post-retention mandibular irregularity and crowding. Nine cases (30 per cent) showed an unacceptable degree of mandibular irregularity after retention. Pre-treatment crowding in the mandible showed a relationship with post-retention lower irregularity and crowding. There was a correlation between the number of years which had elapsed after retention, overbite relapse and post-retention mandibular irregularity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Craniomandibular status and function in patients with habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea after nocturnal treatment with a mandibular advancement splint: a 2-year follow-up.

The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the status and function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory system in patients with habitual snoring and obstructive apnoea after 2 years nocturnal treatment with a mandibular advancement splint. Thirty-two patients participated in the study, ranging from 43.0 to 79.8 years of age (mean 54.4 years, SD 8.78) at the start of treatment. All patients had been referred from the ENT department for treatment with a mandibular advancement splint. The acrylic splint advanced the mandible 50-70 per cent of maximal protrusion, opened 5 mm vertically, and was used 6-8 hours per night and 5-7 nights per week. Overjet, overbite, and molar relationship were measured on dental casts. The patients were asked to answer a questionnaire concerning symptoms of craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD). They were also clinically examined in a standardized manner, including registration of range of mandibular movements, TMJ sounds, pain on movement, and palpatory tenderness of the TMJ and the masticatory muscles. None of the patients showed more than five symptoms of dysfunction either at the start of or after 2 years of treatment. A decrease in the frequency of headache was found for nine of those 18 patients that reported headache (P = 0.004). A minor, but significant decrease in overjet and overbite was found and the molar relationship was also changed. It was concluded that 2 years' treatment with a mandibular advancement splint had no adverse effects on the craniomandibular status and function, but the observed occlusal changes requires further evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The influence of orthodontic extraction treatment on dental structures: a two-factor evaluation.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of different growth patterns and treatment types on dentoalveolar structures in patients treated with fixed Edgewise mechanics and the extraction of four first premolars. A total of 41 patients with a mean chronological age of 14 years 7 months and skeletal age of 14 years 6 months were included in the study. The type of growth pattern was assessed as mesio- or hyper-divergent, and the treatment type as the use or non-use of headgear. The results were analysed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The decrease in overbite in the mesiodivergent group was statistically significant when compared with the increase in the hyper-divergent group (P < 0.01). Extrusion of the lower molar was observed in all groups, and a statistically significant difference was found between the mesio- and hyper-divergent groups (P < 0.05). Interaction between growth pattern and treatment type was not found to be significant for any variable. It can be concluded that premolar extractions and the use of headgear with fixed appliances does not significantly change the overjet, occlusal plane angle, upper and lower anterior dentoalveolar heights, upper posterior dentoalveolar height, or the inclination of the upper and lower incisors. The only significant changes were observed in overbite as a result of treatment mechanics and in lower posterior dentoalveolar height due to the growth pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The effect of zigzag elastics in the treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion subjects with hypo- and hyperdivergent growth patterns. A pilot study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zigzag elastics in the treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion subjects with hypo- or hyperdivergent growth patterns. Two groups were established, each consisting of 10 subjects classified as hypo- or hyperdivergent according to their pre-treatment SN-GoGn angle. The cephalometric radiographs taken before and after an elastic application period of approximately 4 months were used to generate 22 variables. In both groups, there were no statistically significant differences in the vertical position of the lower molars, the SN-GoGn angle or the inclination of the lower incisors, whereas the sagittal skeletal relationship was improved as a result of an increase in the SNB angle and the mandibular length (P < 0.01). Upper incisor extrusion was statistically significant in both groups (P < 0.05). The downward rotation of the occlusal plane and the increase in overbite were found to be significant in the hypodivergent group (P < 0.05). Significant differences were observed between the groups in the extrusion of the upper incisor, the inclination of the occlusal plane, and the amount of overbite (P < 0.05). The results show that the zigzag elastic system is preferable, especially in hyperdivergent Class II division 1 subjects, as the use of such elastics does not cause an unfavourable effect on vertical jaw base relationship.

Adolescent↗