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PubMed1993

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration's 1990-1991 survey of occupational medical surveillance prevalence and type of current practices.

For all industry divisions, the likelihood that an establishment will have a medical surveillance program increases directly with size of establishment. Among establishments with 1 to 19 employees, only 4% have medical surveillance programs whereas 56% of establishments that employed 250 or more employees had such programs. The most common time to administer medical surveillance is preemployment. The second most common time to conduct medical surveillance is at periodic intervals. The most common component of medical surveillance programs is a general physical examination. This component of medical surveillance is also the most common element of preemployment surveillance, preplacement surveillance, periodic surveillance, preexit examinations, and surveillance for respirator users. Among the group of Phase II establishments, audiometric testing was the most common periodic test identified. Musculoskeletal testing is performed by 45% of firms administering preplacement examinations and by 38% of firms with preemployment examinations. Across all industry divisions, 14% of establishments that have a medical surveillance program also perform biologic monitoring of some employees.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed1993

Effects of occupational medical surveillance programs as perceived by respondents to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's 1990-1991 survey.

Among all establishments perceiving a change as a result of their medical surveillance program, 43% of those employing 250 or more employees did so; for the smallest establishments, this figure drops to 7%. The changes most often perceived, regardless of size class of establishment or industry division, were in employee relations, injury rates, and insurance costs. Establishments with the most comprehensive risk reduction strategies were most likely to attribute benefits to their medical surveillance programs. Benefits of medical surveillance perceived by the Phase II respondents include reduced costs, early detection of medical problems, increased productivity, and a reduced injury or illness rate. Most firms have no systematic method or procedures for evaluating the effectiveness of their medical surveillance programs.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mutual aid societies for industrial accidents and occupational diseases in the social security service within the framework of the Prevention of Occupational Risk Act].

INTRODUCTION: The passing of the Prevention of Industrial Risks Act, in force from 9 February 1996 has altered previous ideas on the subject, which is currently considered to be of utmost importance for national and community legislation. DEVELOPMENT: In this article we describe the preventive functions of the Mutual Aid Societies for Industrial Accidents and professional diseases of the National Health Service. We have analysed the current legislation so as to clarify the activities of the Mutual Aid Societies in the field of the prevention of industrial accidents, and have defined the actions which may be taken in this field according to the present laws. Two different types of preventive activities are considered: (1) Those which depend on contributions, included in the professional risks cover, and which are obliged to prepare an annual plan of the measures taken to prevent industrial accidents and professional illness, following the guidelines established by the Ministry of Labor and Social Services and according to certain priorities. (2) The functions corresponding to the services for third-party prevention exclusively for their associated companies when the Mutual Aid Society is approved as a service for third party cover. This requires a voluntary or professional contract and the financial cost is borne by the company which requests it. CONCLUSION: The objective of the current legislation is, amongst other things, to introduce the new preventive approach established by the Prevention of Industrial Risks Act in the workplace and through the Mutual Aid Societies as well as to foment a new culture of prevention.

Accidents, Occupational↗