Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ORTHODONTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Psychological study of questionnaire relating to dentition and orthodontic treatment].

Concern of patients for dentition and receptivity of orthodontic treatment was studied by a general population questionnaire. Subjects (general population) consisted of elder elementary school boys and girls (157), junior high school (274) and high school students (90) and adults (45) in Tokushima, Kagawa and Kouchi prefectures. Twenty-three questions, previously selected from forty-seven using the Quantification III for orthodontic patients. Furthermore, ten questions were selected from these twenty-three using the same method and categorized into two groups. Each category was given a meaning. Five answers in each category were given marks: a positive answer was 'point one' and a negative one was 'point zero'. Mean points in each category were compared with eight groups according to age and sex. AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) was used for statistical analysis. The following results were obtained. 1. Two categories were independently identified. One had meaning in relation to concern for dentition and other had meaning in relation to receptivity of orthodontic treatment. 2. Orthodontic patients showed significantly higher points than general population for concern and receptivity. 3. Females in each group showed higher points for concern of dentition in general population, but males showed higher points for receptivity of orthodontic treatment. 4. Junior high school and high school students showed significantly lower points in two categories, in addition, males in this group showed lower points in these categories. 5. There were no significant differences between subjects in three prefectures. It is possible for general population to evaluate instructions or education methods for promoting interest in dentition by this study. Orthodontic patients will also be encouraged by the present study to receive orthodontic treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

An interactive consultation multimedia software for orthodontic patients.

Presentation of diagnosis and treatment planning for orthodontic problems by orthodontists is often a hurdle and a nuisance to most patients. The reasons are that it has much content which may be hard to understand without having expert knowledge related to the temporal change in dentofacial structures known as the growth, development and physiological aspects of masticatory apparatus. To complement this, we have developed an interactive consultation multimedia software for orthodontic patients. he design concept of the current software has three aspects. Firstly, since the software is operated by orthodontic patients themselves or by their parents, it enhances the operational feasibility. Secondly, it helps the patients choose the information in which they are interested. Thirdly, it emphasizes audio-visual understanding of orthodontic practice, including terminology. e used a hypertext machine with a 240MB hard disk drive, an 8MB RAM and a 13 inch color monitor. In developing the current software, we also used a video camera, a video color board, a microphone, and an image scanner together with an image recorder, a movie and sound data editing system, image scanning and editing, an image changer, a spread sheet and mathematical software. he current software consists of various multimedia such as images, sounds, characters, and biosignals. The "stack" of the software consists of three parts: a) "General Understanding of Occlusion" b) "Understanding Specific Types of Occlusion Exhibited by the Patient" c) "Orthodontic Terminology" When card A is selected the patient can choose either "Good Occlusion" or "Malocclusion." If "Malocclusion" is chosen, respective occlusal types are shown. The next card provides pathological conditions caused by respective malocclusion, e.g., gingivitis. After selecting card B which asks the patient, "What do your teeth look like?" the following buttons are provided: "Maxillary Protrusion," "Reversed Occlusion," "Crowding," "Open Bite," and "Spaced Arch." After selecting one of these, the card with an explanation of the respective malocclusion is shown according to the patient's physiological age. Finally, after card C is selected, a new card which has a list of orthodontic terminology is presented. Patients can search any term according to their choice to open a new card which gives a detailed explanation. e confirmed that the current consultation multimedia software can provide a comfortable environment to the patients and their families to learn where the orthodontic problems lie and how they could be solved.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1996

Dental appearance and orthodontic services assessed by 15-16-year-old adolescents in eastern Finland.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the orthodontic services provided by a Finnish health centre, by determining 280 15-16-year-old adolescents' satisfaction with their own dental appearance and general oral health status, and their opinions on certain aspects of orthodontic treatment. Forty-two per cent of adolescents had received or were receiving orthodontic treatment. Most children were satisfied with the alignment of their teeth, but satisfaction was higher in groups with no history of orthodontic treatment, or with completed treatment. The enhancement of appearance and improvement of function were mentioned most often as the most important reasons for starting treatment. Dental casts of 75 randomly selected adolescents were assessed by an orthodontist using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), and assessments by the Aesthetic Component of IOTN were compared with the adolescents' own satisfaction. Most adolescents had realistic views about their dental appearance and orthodontic treatment need. Subjects with orthodontic treatment need were found in the groups both with completed treatment and with no treatment experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Orthodontic treatment need in 10-year-old Dunedin schoolchildren.

The prevalence of unmet orthodontic treatment need was assessed in a random sample of 294 10-year-old Dunedin schoolchildren using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. Approximately one-third of the children from this mainly mixed-dentition sample were assessed as having a need for orthodontic treatment. No children needed orthodontic treatment on the basis of the Aesthetic Component alone, but slightly more than a quarter did on the basis of the Dental Health Component alone. The Dental Health Component was reliable and easy to use, and it assigned approximately the same number of children to the "Need", "Borderline", and "No/little" orthodontic treatment need categories. As the Aesthetic Component alone failed to identify any children needing orthodontic treatment, it may be unsuitable for use as a screening tool for orthodontic treatment need in the mixed dentition.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Bonded orthodontic retainers: the wire-composite interface.

The bonded orthodontic retainer constructed from multistrand wire and composite is an efficient esthetic retainer, which can be maintained long-term. Clinical failures of bonded orthodontic retainers, most commonly at the wire/composite interface, have been reported. This in vitro investigation aimed to evaluate selected multistrand wires and composite materials that are available for use in the construction of bonded fixed retainers. An in vitro model was developed to simulate the forces encountered at the wire/composite interface. No significant difference was detected between different multistrand wire types and diameters with regard to retention in composite. Wires were placed in one of three groups according to surface characteristics identified with scanning electron microscopy. Increasing the thickness of composite overlying the wire increased the force required to detach the wire from the composite. Thickness of composite greater than 1.0 mm overlying the wire may give little clinical advantage. Greater force was required to detach the wire from Concise Orthodontic (3M Unitek) than any other composite tested. In vitro abrasion resistance testing found Heliosit Orthodontic (Vivadent) and Right On (TP Orthodontics, Inc.) to have poor abrasion resistance, whereas Concise Orthodontic and Transbond (3M Unitek) had abrasion resistance comparable with restorative composites. Clinical recommendations are made based on these findings.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1999

A closer look at General Dental Service orthodontics in England and Wales. II: What determines appliance selection?

AIM: To elucidate factors that influence choice of appliance type in General Dental Service (GDS) orthodontics in England and Wales. METHOD: Records were obtained for 1527 cases, representing a systematic 2 per cent sample of GDS cases completed during 1990-91. Evaluation involved Discriminant Analysis to find the most influential factors in appliance choice. Factors considered included patient and practitioner characteristics, and features of the malocclusion as assessed by Occlusal Indices. RESULTS: Full data were available for 1217 cases. 24 per cent of treatments included use of dual- and 26 per cent single-arch fixed appliances. Appliance choice was predictable in 55 per cent of cases. Older patients, orthodontically qualified practitioners, high Peer Assessment Rating score at start, permanent dentition, lower grades of the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need at start, and practitioners with high gross earnings from orthodontics, all tended to be associated with more frequent use of fixed appliances. CONCLUSIONS: Possession of a diploma or membership in orthodontics was associated with more frequent use of both dual- and single-arch fixed appliances. Better appliance selection, and thus more effective treatments in the GDS, may result from a greater availability of practitioners with formal postgraduate training in orthodontics.

Discriminant Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of osseointegrated implants in orthodontic patients: 2. Absolute anchorage.

Following the first article which explored the use of restorative implants in orthodontic patients which are later used to replace missing teeth, such as in hypodontia patients, this second paper examines the use of implants in orthodontics to provide 'Absolute Anchorage' after highlighting the standard orthodontic approaches to anchorage. It explains the advantages and disadvantages such methods give the specialist in treating full arch orthodontic patients over standard techniques used in modern orthodontics. Three different types of implant used in full arch orthodontic treatment are described in detail; the mid palatal implant, the OnPlant and the mini screw. The methods used in placing the implants and the techniques employed to gain the anchorage required are highlighted.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1980

The effect of orthodontic force application on the pulpal tissue respiration rate in the human premolar.

This study investigates the effect of an orthodontic force on pulpal respiration in the human premolar. The participants in this study required the removal of four first premolars for orthodontic treatment. After written consent was obtained, these teeth were used in the following manner. Randomly, the premolars on one side of the mouth were designated as experimental and the premolars on the opposing side served as controls. The four teeth were removed following a 3-day application of an orthodontic force. The pulp tissue was then extirpated and used for the investigation. A radioactively labeled carbon dioxide production system was used to evaluate the effect on pulpal respiration of the orthodontic force. It is thought that this method has been proved to provide a viable and sensitive biochemical analysis of tissue respiration on very small samples over short observation periods. The data were collected and prepared for statistical analysis. This investigation demonstrated that the pulp tissue respiration in seventeen subjects was depressed an average of 27% as a result of orthodontic force application. A positive correlation between the age of the participant and the amount of tissue respiratory depression was also demonstrated. It was therefore concluded that orthodontic forces of very short duration do cause biochemical and biologic pulpal tissue alterations and that orthodontic forces may be less biologically safe as the age of the patient increases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Cellular, molecular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic force.

Remodeling changes in paradental tissues are considered essential in effecting orthodontic tooth movement. The force-induced tissue strain produces local alterations in vascularity, as well as cellular and extracellular matrix reorganization, leading to the synthesis and release of various neurotransmitters, cytokines, growth factors, colony-stimulating factors, and metabolites of arachidonic acid. Recent research in the biological basis of tooth movement has provided detailed insight into molecular, cellular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic forces. Although many studies have been reported in the orthodontic and related scientific literature, a concise convergence of all data is still lacking. Such an amalgamation of the rapidly accumulating scientific information should help orthodontic clinicians and educators understand the biological processes that underlie the phenomenon of tooth movement with mechanics (removable, fixed, or functional appliances). This review aims to achieve this goal and is organized to include all major findings from the beginning of research in the biology of tooth movement. It highlights recent developments in cellular, molecular, tissue, and genetic reactions in response to orthodontic force application. It reviews briefly the processes of bone, periodontal ligament, and gingival remodeling in response to orthodontic force. This review also provides insight into the biological background of various deleterious effects of orthodontic forces.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2006

Current concepts in the biology of orthodontic tooth movement.

Adaptive biochemical response to applied orthodontic force is a highly sophisticated process. Many layers of networked reactions occur in and around periodontal ligament and alveolar bone cells that change mechanical force into molecular events (signal transduction) and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are sensitive environment-to-genome-to-environment communicators, capable of restoring system homeostasis disturbed by orthodontic mechanics. Five micro-environments are altered by orthodontic force: extracellular matrix, cell membrane, cytoskeleton, nuclear protein matrix, and genome. Gene activation (or suppression) is the point at which input becomes output, and further changes occur in all 5 environments. Hundreds of genes and thousands of proteins participate in OTM. Gene-directed protein synthesis, modification, and integration form the essence of all life processes, including OTM. Bone adaptation to orthodontic force depends on normal osteoblast and osteoclast genes that correctly express needed proteins at the right times and places. Cell membrane receptor-ligand docking is an important initiator of signal transduction and a discovery target for new bone-enhancing drugs. Despite progress in identification of regulatory molecules, the genetic mechanism of "orchestrated synthesis" between different cells, tissues, and systems remains largely unknown. Interpatient variation in mechanobiological response is most likely due to differences in periodontal ligament and bone cell populations, genomes, and protein expression patterns. Discovery of mutations in OTM-associated genes of orthodontic patients, including those regulating osteoclast bone-matrix acidification, chloride channel function, and osteoblast-derived mineral and protein matrices, will permit gene therapy to restore normal matrix and protein synthesis and function. Achieving selectivity in targeting abnormal genes, cells, and tissues is a major obstacle to safe and effective clinical application of gene engineering and stem-cell mediated tissue growth. Orthodontic treatment is likely to evolve into a combination of mechanics and molecular-genetic-cellular interventions: a change from shotgun to tightly focused communication with OTM cells.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1991

Iatrogenic pulpal reactions to orthodontic extrusion.

A careful review of the literature reveals an absence of studies about the reactions of dental pulp to orthodontic extrusion. The purpose of the present research investigation is to study the pulpal reactions and the sequence of histologic events in human dental pulp after orthodontic extrusion. The sample consisted of 36 intact maxillary first premolars of young adult orthodontic subjects. The mean age of the subjects was 18 years. Eighteen maxillary first premolars were extruded, under controlled conditions with the aid of fixed edgewise orthodontic appliances, for either 1, 2, or 4 weeks. The contralateral maxillary first premolars were not extruded and were used as controls. Immediately after removal of the appliances, all the maxillary first premolars were extracted. The pulps were histologically examined in a double-blind experiment. The results obtained from this study indicate that certain characteristic pulpal reactions arise from orthodontic extrusion. These reactions involve circulatory disturbances with congested and dilated blood vessels, odontoblastic degeneration, vacuolization and edema of the pulp tissues, and (by the fourth week) manifestation of fibrotic changes. It is speculated that the vacuolization of the pulp tissues (which occurred after the application of extrusive orthodontic forces in young adult subjects) resulted from a prolapse of the pulp, made possible by the relatively wide apical foramina. However, the odontoblastic degeneration is most probably the result of a compromised blood supply. The authors believe that this study constitutes a building block for establishing a more complete biologic foundation for orthodontic tooth movement. Further studies are suggested to reach more definitive conclusions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Prevalence of orthodontic asymmetries.

Epidemiological studies of the occlusal status of the US population do not include the prevalence of orthodontic asymmetries. To estimate the magnitude of dental and facial asymmetries in adolescents with no history of orthodontic treatment, data were analyzed from two mass orthodontic screenings that had been conducted on public schoolchildren in Florida. An analysis of orthodontic records of patients in treatment at the Virginia Commonwealth University graduate orthodontic clinic provided prevalence data on dental and facial asymmetries in a population of orthodontic patients. In the Florida studies, the two screenings yielded 5,817 untreated children (mean age, 9.3 +/- 0.8 years) and 861 untreated children (mean age, 14.4 +/- 0.5 years). Sagittal molar asymmetry was found in 30% of the children in the first screening and in 23% in the second screening. Additional asymmetry assessments in the second screening showed 12% facial asymmetry and 21% noncoincidence of dental midlines. Among orthodontic patients, the most common asymmetry trait was mandibular midline deviation from the facial midline. This occurred in 62% of patients, followed, in descending order of frequency, by lack of dental midline coincidence (46%), maxillary midline deviation from the facial midline (39%), molar classification asymmetry (22%), maxillary occlusal asymmetry (20%), mandibular occlusal asymmetry (18%), facial asymmetry (6%), chin deviation (4%), and nose deviation (3%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Associations between severity of dentofacial deformity and motivation for orthodontic-orthognathic surgery treatment.

The successful outcome of orthognathic surgery is related to patient satisfaction and motivation. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the association between 1) severity of dentofacial deformity derived from cephalometric measures and 2) patient motivation for treatment. The initial cephalograms of 142 patients aged 16 years or older from the Dentofacial Program of the University of Michigan were traced and digitized. Inclusion criteria were established by assigning ANB 4 degrees to 15 degrees to define severe skeletal Class II (n = 65) and ANB - 15 degrees to -4 degrees to define severe skeletal Class III (n = 20). Motivation for orthodontics and surgery was derived from clinician administered forms scaled 1-10 with Low (1-5) and High (8-10). The cephalometric measure ANB was significant (p = 0.02) for high/low motivation for orthodontic treatment using Student's t test. No other cephalometric measures were significant for high/low motivation for orthodontics or surgery using Student's t test. Class II patients were significantly (p = 0.014) more motivated than Class III patients for orthodontic treatment. No significant difference was found for motivation for surgery between skeletal Class II and skeletal Class III patients. Patients with severe sagittal Class II deformities had higher motivation for orthodontics than surgery. The cephalometric measure, ANB, defining severe skeletal Class II and Class III patients did predict motivation level for orthodontics. None of the other 18 cephalometric measures were predictive of patient motivation for either orthodontics or surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Validity of the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON) in determining orthodontic treatment need.

Occlusal indices are used to determine eligibility for orthodontic treatment in several publicly funded programs. The Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON), based on the perception of 97 orthodontists from 9 countries, has been proposed as a multipurpose occlusal index. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of the ICON as an index of orthodontic treatment need compared with the perception of need as determined by a panel of US orthodontists. One hundred seventy study casts, representing a full spectrum of malocclusion types and severity, were scored for orthodontic treatment need by an examiner calibrated in the ICON. The results were compared with the decisions of an expert panel of 15 orthodontic specialists from the central Ohio area. The simple kappa statistic (0.81) indicated very high agreement of the index with the decisions of the expert panel. The sensitivity (94%), specificity (85%), positive predictive value (92%), negative predictive value (90%), and overall accuracy of the ICON (91%) also confirmed good agreement with the orthodontic specialists. The panel found that 64% of the casts required orthodontic treatment; the ICON scores indicated that 65% of the cases needed treatment. There was agreement between the expert panel and the index in 155 of the 170 cases. These results support the use of the ICON as a validated index of orthodontic treatment need.

Dental Health Surveys↗
PubMed2002

Periodontal concerns associated with the orthodontic treatment of impacted teeth.

Impacted teeth are common and are often treated with orthodontic eruption, but periodontal problems associated with the process can evade detection. Profound destruction of the periodontium of an impacted tooth or adjacent teeth can occur. This case report describes the orthodontic eruption of 4 impacted canines in a 19-year-old woman. An open surgical approach was used. Within 6 months of treatment, the maxillary right canine and the lateral incisor experienced severe periodontal destruction, resulting in questionable prognoses for the teeth. Plaque control, periodontal architecture, and subgingival microflora were examined as local etiologic factors of periodontal destruction associated with orthodontic eruption of impacted teeth. Plaque control measures were evaluated, and the consequences of orthodontic tooth movement in the presence of inadequate plaque control were considered. Areas of periodontal architecture made vulnerable by the surgical exposure of the impacted teeth were identified, and the effect of orthodontic force on the periodontium was explored. An increase in putative periopathogens in the subgingival microflora after orthodontic appliance placement was observed. Microbiologic monitoring for pathologic levels of periopathogens and antibiotic therapy were considered. Orthodontic treatment of impacted teeth might require additional professional and personal plaque control measures, 3-dimensional diagnostic imaging, and control of putative periopathogens to preserve the health of the periodontium.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Emotional effects of malocclusion in Nigerian orthodontic patients.

AIM: To assess the emotional effects of malocclusion among Nigerian orthodontic patients. DESIGN: A questionnaire survey. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was completed by 221 Nigerian orthodontic patients undergoing routine orthodontic care at the Orthodontic Unit, Department of Preventive Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan and the Department of Child Dental Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, both in South-West Nigeria. The participants were comprised of 97 (43%) males and 124 (56.1%) females with age range of 6-40 years (mean age, 13.82 +/- 8.01 SD). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test. RESULTS: About 44% of all participants had not yet accepted their malocclusions, while 56.6% of all subjects reported for orthodontic care due to aesthetic reasons. Twenty-seven percent of the subjects were depressed the first time they notice their malocclusions. Over 40% of the participants reported feeling less confident as a result of their malocclusions and about 55% of them felt their malocclusions negatively affected their general facial appearances. Normal activities restricted in some of the subjects due to malocclusion included laughing in public (48.9%), meeting people in public (32%), and forming close relationships (20.4%). The majority (64.7%) of the subjects discussed their malocclusions with their parents, followed by dentists (35.3%). CONCLUSION: The psychosocial effects of malocclusion in Nigerian orthodontic patients were considerable with no significant gender differences. Considering such factors, professional counseling of Nigerian orthodontic patients is encouraged.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

[Combined orthodontic-orthoganthic surgery to treat asymmetric mandibular excess malocclusions].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the skeletal and dentoalveolar characteristics of asymmetric mandibular excess malocclusions and to discuss the procedures of combined orthodontic-orthonganthic surgery treatments of asymmetric mandibular excess malocclusions. METHODS: 25 cases treated by combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgery treatments were reviewed to find out the specialties of this kind of therapy. RESULTS: The asymmetric of mandible presents anterior and posterior teeth tipped both sagitally and horizontally, as well as upper and lower jaws incompatibility. The pre-surgical orthodontic treatments included decomposition of anterior and posterior teeth, leveling and aligning the teeth etc. The post-surgical orthodontic treatments were to detail the occlusions. The patients all got functional and aesthetic good results after the combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgery treatments. CONCLUSION: The asymmetric mandibular excess affects the harmony of the face badly, and the correction of it must be carried out by the combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgery treatments. The pre- and post-surgical orthodontic treatments are the key stages to make the skeletal corrections stable.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Biodegradable ceramic as a bone graft substitute followed by orthodontic tooth movement].

This study was performed to evaluate the histological changes during remodelling of autogenous PMCB (particulate marrow and cancellous bone) and TCPC (beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramic) when transplanted into the jaw bone defects, and also to investigate the possibility of orthodontic tooth movement on them. Twenty dogs were used in this study. Following extraction of the upper 2nd and 3rd incisors, or only the 2nd incisor, maxillary alveolar bones were resected bilaterally. Autogenous PMCB obtained from the ilium and TCPC (Synthograft, Miter, Inc. U.S.A.) were grafted in each resected area. Nine dogs were sacrificed without applying the orthodontic force, whereas the rest of dogs were sacrificed after applying orthodontic force. Sectional arch wire with open coil spring was placed between the upper 1st incisors for tooth movement. Applications of orthodontic force were started anywhere from the 2nd to the 8th week following the grafting and continued for different experimental periods. Sections of maxillary bone including the grafted areas were prepared for light microscopy. It was observed that Synthograft area showed better organization than the bone graft area initially. However, later around the 8th week, both graft materials were well organized. The Synthograft was well accepted by the host tissue. The Synthograft filled area reconstructed the bony architecture more similar to the alveolar bone than the bone graft area. In addition, the radiological findings also showed orthodontic tooth movement through the PMCB and the Synthograft areas. Capability of orthodontic tooth movement at the Synthograft areas without any undue result is of significant clinical value. Thus in view of above points in conclusion it is suggested that, TCPC is a competent substitute for PMCB in filling up alveolar bone defects, even, in cases where orthodontic tooth movement is desirable.

Alveolar Process↗