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PubMedDate not supplied

OPT: transformation of nursing process for contemporary practice.

Over time, clinical, educational, and social forces have influenced the development of three generations of traditional nursing process. The first generation was concerned with problems and process. Analysis of second-generation models revealed interest in understanding the nature of diagnosis and diagnostic reasoning. We have proposed a third generation model that underscores the importance of critical, metacognitive, and thinking skills that support outcome specification and testing in clinical reasoning. Clinicians, educators, managers, and administrators are invited to consider the OPT model as an alternative to traditional nursing process. The OPT model may be one of many transitional reasoning models needed for contemporary nursing practice.

Decision Making↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using the nursing process to implement a Y2K computer application.

Because of the coming year 2000, the need was assessed to upgrade the order entry system at many hospitals. At Somerset Medical Center, a training team divided the transition into phases and used a modified version of the nursing process to implement the new program. The entire process required fewer than 6 months and was relatively problem-free. This successful transition was aided by the nursing process, training team, and innovative educational techniques.

Computer User Training↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The nursing process: what do students know?

The purpose of this study was to assess students' knowledge and understanding of the nursing process in preparation for the NCLEX-RN examination. A descriptive correlational research design was used. Fifty-one students in both associate degree and bachelors degree programs in an urban public university, participated in the pilot study. A survey tool was developed which asked students to define and give examples of the steps in the nursing process. Short answer responses were required. Students did not consistently give correct definitions and examples. A second study was developed to determine if students performed differently on a short answer examination and a multiple choice examination. Ninety-five students in both associate degree and bachelors degree programs participated in the second study. Students did more poorly on the multiple choice examination than on the short answer survey. Students in the pilot study performed better in some areas compared to students in the follow-up study.

Education, Nursing, Associate↗
PubMed2004

Nursing process outcome linkage research: issues, current status, and health policy implications.

BACKGROUND: The use of large clinical datasets to assess the effectiveness of health care is of growing interest in continuing efforts to understand the impact of healthcare costs on quality. Correspondingly, there is a greater need to define and measure outcomes that are sensitive to nursing interventions. However, concerns exist about the ability to amass and use large clinical nursing datasets to assess the effectiveness of nursing interventions. Some nursing studies have used large clinical datasets to examine patterns of nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes. Among patient populations, however, systematic effectiveness studies of nursing process and outcome linkages at the individual nurse and patient level of analysis are essentially nonexistent. This is largely the result of slow development of nursing classifications, reference terminologies, and reference information standards. Nursing information systems have an unprecedented potential for documentation of nursing practice, as well as the accumulation and analysis of large clinical datasets, to improve nursing performance, increase nursing knowledge, and provide data and information necessary for nursing to participate in the formulation of healthcare policy. OBJECTIVES: A literature search shows that a common framework is beginning to evolve that represents nursing's essential information, eg, the Nursing Minimum Data Set, Management Minimum Data Set, and several standardized nursing languages. Extensive research and other initiatives have produced 1) nursing languages and reference terminologies that span healthcare settings; 2) information models; and 3) standards for datasets supporting information systems. A number of issues remain, however, that concern the development of uniform nursing datasets, definitions of outcomes, quality of nursing data, information system design, and methods of data analysis. We review nursing process outcome research, clarify issues inherent in nursing effectiveness research, and discuss implications for nursing and health policy.

Health Policy↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of home visits using a nursing process approach.

Few tools for home visit evaluation of students exist in current nursing literature. Therefore, a tool was developed that utilizes a nursing process framework to measure essential nursing behaviors in the home. Incorporated into the tool are unique facets of community-oriented nursing practice, such as home environment assessment, family-oriented nursing diagnoses, bag technique, and contracting. The tool is a two-page form designed to evaluate pre-visit, onsite, and post-visit nursing activities. The tool has been refined using empirical data from clinical experiences with over 200 students in community health nursing.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1994

Protocols constructed around the nursing process. 1: Asthma.

The author provides a nursing process style protocol for dealing with acute attacks of bronchial asthma in adult patients. Diagnoses, laboratory work, tests, treatment plans, including interventions for nurses, nurse practitioners, and physicians, are outlined. In addition, possible complications of bronchial asthma are listed and suggestions for patient education are offered.

Asthma↗
PubMed1986

A clinical evaluation tool for nursing students based on the nursing process.

An integrated curriculum was implemented in an upper division baccalaureate nursing program which required letter grades for clinical courses. The second semester clinical course involved student evaluation in four different settings. The original evaluation tool lacked both the discrimination needed for letter grades and the competencies common to all the settings. A computerized evaluation tool was developed to identify behaviors which could be evaluated and assigned a letter grade in all four clinical settings, and to provide formative and summative evaluation of performance for students throughout the semester. The tool focuses on the four areas of the nursing process, each of which is weighted according to the conceptual framework of the curriculum and the ability of a student at this level. In each of these four areas, entry level behaviors were identified and then built upon by progression from fundamental skills to more complex and independent behaviors. Students are rated on a criterion-referenced rating scale. A statistician verified that the tool was mathematically sound. Once developed, the tool was placed on computer where both students and faculty evaluate student clinical performance every two to four weeks. Because the tool was placed on computer, students receive immediate feedback, which facilitates formative evaluations. Trends in student performance can be identified easily, and faculty paperwork is decreased. The tool also promotes objectivity in evaluation and student awareness of expected behaviors. Finally, faculty and students have become more familiar and more comfortable with computers.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing a computer program to assist the nursing process: phase I-from systems analysis to an expandable program.

In a three-stage project, a computer program was devised to assist in the nursing process. As Stage I, a definition of nursing was developed upon which a systems model of the nursing process was constructed. In Stage II, the computer program was written to collect patient data and formulate nursing diagnoses related to functions of the skin, mucous membranes, nails, and hair. The program was designed to serve as a model for the development of a more comprehensive program that would include other functional areas, suggest patient objectives and nurse interventions, and help to evaluate nursing care. In Stage III, initial trials were conducted to obtain feedback from nurses. Nurses found the program took too long but agreed that with modification it could help them give better care.

Computers↗