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PubMed1989

[Psychosomatic correlations in the structure of borderline neurologic and mental disorders].

A total of 544 staff members of the scientific industrial association were subjected to non-randomized examination. The presentation and structure of border-line disorders were studied as correlated to the age, sex, familial status, educational level, occupation, and personality structure. Three groups have been distinguished: (1) conditional norm; (2) neurotic disorders; and (3) affective disorders. Correlations between psychopathological and somatic disorders have been traced in all the groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Socio-economic factors that predict psychiatric admissions at a local level.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to confirm the predictive relationship between socio-economic factors and psychiatric admissions at a fine grain geographical level. The strength of association was compared with those of other studies that have looked at separate diagnostic groups. METHOD: Psychiatric admissions were from electoral wards of the County of South Glamorgan, which encompasses the capital city of Wales, Cardiff. Standardized psychiatric admission ratios (SAR) for different diagnostic groups were calculated for a 5-year period. The ecological association with deprivation indices and with single variables at the level of electoral ward was examined. Of a total of 15266 psychiatric admissions, 11296 were analysed. RESULTS: Psychiatric morbidity, reflected in SAR was inversely related to socio-economic deprivation for both sexes. This applied to all diagnostic groups except organic disorders. The relationship was most marked for schizophrenia, delusional disorders and substance abuse, closely followed by personality disorders, and less for affective and neurotic disorders. Little difference existed between three composite indices of deprivation (Carstairs, Jarman, Townsend), but the marginally best predictor was that designed by Jarman. However, low rates of car ownership and high unemployment were as good at predicting SAR as any of the compound indices. CONCLUSION: Socio-economic factors account for almost 50 % of the variance in psychiatric admission rates between electoral wards. The degree of association between psychiatric morbidity and deprivation varies between diagnostic groups, arguing against a common factor linking deprivation and psychiatric admissions generally. Frequently updated unemployment figures provide nearly as useful and more immediate information than 10-yearly Census data used to calculate the deprivation indices. These figures may be used for needs assessment and targeting resources at a local level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Spirit possession and neuroticism in West Indian Pentecostal community.

The experiment is focused on the relationship between spirit possession and neuroticism as assessed by psychometric techniques. Twenty subjects who were regular members of a West Indian Pentecostal congregation were interviewed and tested with the EPI and the hysteria scale of the MMPI. Analysis of data indicated that the 10 subjects who were defined as spirit possessed scored significantly high in both neuroticism (P less than 0.05) and hysteria (P less than 0.005) than did the control group. In light of these data and others it was suggested that possession constitutes a culture-bound neurotic disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

An outpatient survey of antidepressant prescription habits.

A review of case notes of patients attending a general hospital psychiatric outpatient clinic revealed that 75% of patients with depressive disorders and 38% of patients with neurotic disorders were prescribed antidepressants. Antidepressants were often prescribed for long periods in low doses and in combination with benzodiazepines. There was less polypharmacy, however, with more sedating antidepressants. The results indicate that clinical prescription habits for antidepressants may still be at some variance with recommendations from the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[A study of where mentally disordered people receive medical care in Fukuoka Prefecture].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the "secondary medical regions" where mentally disordered people receive out-patient and in-patient medical care in Fukuoka prefecture, and examine factors related receiving care in medical facilities outside of their secondary medical region of residence. METHODS: 16,129 out-patients on June 30, 2001 using "the public assistance system of outpatients' medical expenses" in line with the Law on Mental Health and Welfare for People with Mental Disorders were analyzed. 7513 in-patients with mental disorders in hospitals were also analyzed utilizing data from the "Patient Survey" by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1999. Whether they received out-patient care and in-patient medical care in their own region of residence or not was clarified for all of 13 secondary medical regions. Univariate and multivariate analyses with the multiple logistic regression model were employed to evaluate the relationship between the medical care outside their residential region and characteristics, such as the secondary medical region, gender, age, diagnosis, medical care insurance and so on. RESULTS: With out-patient care, patients in secondary medical regions with a small population size tended to receive care outside of their residential region. Other characteristics associated with a significantly an increased proportion receiving care outside of their region included; young age, receiving care in clinics, and medical care insurance as "public corporation staff mutual aid association" and "employees' insurance or government's managed health insurance". For in-patients care, patients in secondary medical regions with a small number of psychiatric beds per population showed a marked tendency to receive care outside of their residential region. A slight correlation was observed between population ant the proportion receiving care outside of their region. Young and diagnoses such as of "mental and behavioural disorders due to use of alcohol," "other mental or behavioural disorders" "neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders" or "mood [affective] disorders", were other characteristics associated with an increased proportion receiving care outside of their region. CONCLUSIONS: With the societal prejudice against mental disorders and regional differences in psychiatric medical facilities, it is of interest that this study indicated that mental disordered people receive medical care in a wide and relatively close area beyond their secondary medical region of residence.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Reliability of the psychiatric section in the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases].

In collaboration with WHO the authors participated in sessions on the reliability of the Vth chapter of mental disease of the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. The object was to evaluate the comprehensibility and utility of the diagnosis of mental disorders, evaluate to what extent the new classification describes adequately disorders of different types of psychiatric patients and to provide information on the extent and type of diagnostic agreement and disagreement. The evaluation was done by four psychiatrists; a total of 38 written case-histories were evaluated (30 patients of the Psychiatric Research Institute and 8 case-histories from other centres). Diagnostic agreement according to Kappa was very good, best in organic mental disorders and schizophrenic disorders, approximately equal in affective and neurotic disorders. It was lowest in personality disorders. The investigation indicates diagnostic agreement practically equal to that in ICD-9. More reliable data will be obtained after summarization of the entire WHO investigation which was implemented in various departments in the world.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Confirmation of deviant EEG-evoked potential relationships in the neuroses.

A previous study of relationships between EEG and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) measurements in psychiatric patients showed correlations between EEG and SEP amplitudes to be negative in nine neurotic patients and positive in nine age- and sex-matched nonpatients. The present study attempted to replicate this finding in 35 neurotics and 35 age- and sex-matched nonpatients. Data involved amplitudes of SEPs to right median nerve stimuli from frontal, central, and parietal leads and central and parietal EEG amplitudes (eyes open and closed), both obtained in the context of our comprehensive EP recording procedure. Correlations between SEP and EEG amplitudes in controls were generally positive, while those in patients tended to be negative or close to zero. No specific neurosis group differed from the others. The results confirm the previous finding in showing absence of normal EEG-SEP amplitude relationships in neurotic disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in juvenile mental disorders in persons discharged from the army].

Based on the clinical and catamnestic examination (with the time of the catamnesis being from 5 to 10 years) of 64 persons discharged from the army with a diagnosis of psychopathy, a study was made of certain characteristics of the formation of juvenile mental disorders and further time-course of changes in the illness. The clinical manifestations that contributed to the discharge from the army appeared to vary. In part of the examined, the status could be regarded as decompensation with steady pathocharacterological reactions and neurotic disorders (in accentuated personalities). The time-course of changes in psychopathy formation depended on its variant, namely on the main "nucleus" of the personality. In unstable and inhibited persons, the time-course of changes in the illness turned out to be the most favourable. The conditions and possible mechanisms of different variants of the time-course of changes in personality disorders have been delineated for the three main clinical groups under study: excitable, inhibited and unstable.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1984

Mortality among persons with depressive symptoms and among responders and non-responders in a health check-up. An investigation of persons born in 1905 and followed up from age 66 to 75.

The death rate for persons in Stockholm born in 1905 has been investigated during a 9-year period (1971-1979). In 1971 these persons were invited to participate in a health check-up. Another check-up was carried out 3 years later, during which a psychiatric examination of 589 persons was undertaken. The correlation between depressive disorders and mortality was investigated in two steps. The death rates for those subjects who had responded affirmatively to items in a questionnaire indicating depression were compared with the death rate for the remaining responders. The death rates for those subjects considered to have neurotic disorders or sleeping disturbances in the psychiatric examination were compared with the death rates for the members of a control group considered to be without psychiatric symptoms. Both methods gave fundamentally the same result: there is an excess mortality among persons with depressive symptoms compared to persons without. The death rates were significantly higher in the populations that did not participate in the health check-ups than in those who did. The rates of suicide were also greater in the non-response populations. None of the persons who participated in the 1974 health check-up committed suicide during the next 3 years. The study shows that physically and mentally healthier persons were overrepresented among those who participated in the health check-ups at the ages of 66 and 69.

Accident Proneness↗
PubMed1994

[The wives of alcoholics: experience in the study of psychopathology].

The authors examined clinically 215 wives of alcoholics or divorced women who had been previously married to alcoholics. None of the women abused alcohol. Only 12 of them were officially registered as psychiatrist's patients. Borderline psychopathological conditions were diagnosed in 174 women who had long been married to alcoholic husbands or lived with them in one apartment. Of them, psychopathy, neurotic personality, neurosis, reactive depressions were identified in 27%, 24.7%, 23%, 15%, respectively. 41 divorced women living apart from former alcoholic husbands had no psychopathology at the moment of the study. Borderline neurotic disorders in alcoholic husbands' wives should be considered in familial analysis made for subjects seeking genetic advice.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed2001

Mental disorders and medical conditions. A community study in a small island in Spain.

OBJECTIVES: This study focuses on the comorbidity between medical and psychiatric illnesses in a sample taken from the general population. METHODS: We design a two-stage epidemiological community study in the island of Formentera (Spain), using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). In the first stage, the sample (N=697) was screened using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). In the second stage, the SCAN, subjects' clinical histories and General Practitioners' diagnosis were used to evaluate psychiatric disorders and medical illnesses. The final sample comprised 242 subjects. RESULTS: Subjects with diagnosed ICD-10 mental disorders presented higher comorbidity with medical pathologies than the group of respondents without psychiatric diagnosis, although the differences were not statistically significant. Of the psychiatric conditions, mood disorders (in which differences were significant) and neurotic disorders were the ones that most frequently presented comorbidity, followed by sleep disorders. Mean scores on the GHQ-28 used at the screening stage, and mean scores on neurotic, depressive and somatic symptoms on the SCAN, were significantly higher in the comorbid group. Comorbidity was more frequent in females. CONCLUSION: More studies on comorbidity in general population are required, with diagnostic instruments that cover the whole of the psychiatric spectrum and correct assessment systems for medical diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Some determinants of affective symptoms in epileptics.

Forty-two epileptics were given a psychiatric interview and completed five questionnaires. Current affective symptoms were significantly associated with a past history of neurotic disorder but not with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The MMPI in three groups of patients with significant weight loss.

Fifty patients with severe weight loss thought to be caused by anorexia nervosa were hospitalized for evaluation. On the basis of psychiatric history and mental state examination, they were divided into three diagnostic categories: anorexia nervosa; other. The MMPI of patients with anorexia nervosa was markedly abnormal, with highest peaks on the D (depression), PT (obsessionality and anxiety), and SC (schizophrenia) scales. This profile was similar to that of patients with obsessional symptoms and neurotic depression, but differed significantly from the profile of patients with low weight but normal mental state examination. These findings suggest that starvation alone does not explain the psychopathological symptoms similar to those with depressive and obsessional symptomatology. The MMPI is useful in differentiating anorexia nervosa from those with lowered weight from nonpsychiatric causes, but does not by itself provide a distinct diagnostic category when compared with neurotic disorders having similar symptom clusters.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Sending your teenagers away. Controlled stress decreases neurotic vulnerability.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of a controlled stressor on the rate of personality maturity. DESIGN: Eighteen-month prospective controlled study. SETTING: General community. INTERVENTION EXPERIMENTAL: Exposed to the stress of 12 months' intercultural experience. CONTROL: Remained in usual environment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: A measure of personality vulnerability/maturity derived from a canonical correlational combination of trait anxiety, locus of control, and defense style. RESULTS: Exchange students exposed to the stressor made significantly greater gains in personality maturity (0.28 vs 0.03 SD: P < or = .01) than did the control students matched on this measure at baseline. CONCLUSION: Exchange students exposed to the stress of living abroad showed a substantial decrease in vulnerability, which should decrease the risk of future neurotic disorders in this group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Plasma cyclic nucleotide responses to psychological stress in normal and neurotic subjects.

The mirror drawing test (MDT) was performed to induce acute psychological stress in 10 normal volunteers and 23 neurotic patients. Plasma cAMP and cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) were determined serially before, during, and after the test. In controls, the MDT caused a significant increase in the plasma cAMP level, whereas no change was observed in plasma cGMP. This increase was suppressed by simultaneous administration of propranolol, although it was not affected by simultaneous injection of phentolamine. In neurotic patients, the instruction for the MDT itself resulted in increased cAMP and cGMP levels, although there were no further significant increases during and after the MDT. The results indicate: 1) the increase in plasma cAMP during the MDT reflects a beta-adrenergic stimulation; 2) in neurotics, the response of cAMP and cGMP to the MDT is different from the controls. This difference may be a potential parameter in the diagnosis and discrimination of neurotic disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[The clinical pathomorphosis of neuroses].

Comparison of data on neuroses in a selective group of patients which were treated in day hospital in 1988 (226 patients) and in 1996 (244 individuals) was made. In this period there was an increase of both the number of 16-20 year old patients (from 1,0 to 13%) and of women (from 58.9 to 81.2%) as well as occurrence of the group (18.9%) of unemployment patients (they were absent in 1988). In the structure of the forms of neuroses diagnosed according to ICD-9, there was a decrease of neurasthenic and obsessive-phobic forms (from 50.0 down to 30.3% and from 12.4 down to 7.4%, respectively) as well as an increase of depressive neuroses (from 19.5 to 54.4%). Moreover, the depressive symptoms were more often included in all forms of neuroses. Combinations of different psychogenic influences and especially psychogenic multifactorial situations with displacement of significance from family-personal to social-economic factors play increasingly important role in pathogenesis of different neurotic disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Range of mental illness among the elderly in the community. Prevalence in Liverpool using the GMS-AGECAT package.

A sample of 1070 elderly persons aged over 65 living in the Liverpool community was interviewed using the community version of the Geriatric Mental State (GMS) and the findings processed to provide a computerised diagnosis by AGECAT. Levels of organic disorder, probably dementia, reached 5.2%, intermediate between those of London and New York derived from previous studies. Levels for depressive illness overall were below those of other studies at 11.3% while levels for neurotic disorder were much the same at 2.4%. The rise in the prevalence of dementia with age was further confirmed. The GMS AGECAT Package provides a method for standardising both the collection of data and the diagnostic process for comparative epidemiological studies and other research.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

To which neurotic patients do psychiatrists prescribe medication?

Of 318 newly referred neurotic patients, 43% were prescribed medication by their psychiatrist. Medication was more likely to be prescribed to patients who are older, who are married, who have lengthy illnesses and who do not have a history of deliberate self-harm. These findings are discussed in the context of current debate about optimal treatment methods for patients with neurotic disorders.

Adult↗