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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Enterotoxin production and resistance to antimicrobial agents in porcine and bovine Escherichia coli strains.

A select group of porcine and bovine Escherichia coli strains capable of causing diarrheal disease in neonatal pigs and calves, respectively, were tested for enterotoxin production and resistance to 23 different antimicrobial agents. Thirty-four of the 39 porcine strains tested were enterotoxigenic; that is, they synthesized heat-stable (ST), together with heat-labile (LT), enterotoxin; ST toxin alone, or LT toxin alone. Fourteen of the 15 bovine strains tested produced ST toxin only, whereas 1 strain elaborated LT toxin only. All of the strains were multiple drug resistant. Among the porcine strains, 2 were resistant to 6 of the antimicrobial agents, and 1 was resistant to 18 of the drugs. All of these strains were resistant to cloxacillin, lincomycin, and penicillin G. None of them was resistant to chloramphenicol, colistin, gentamicin, polymyxin B, or nalidixic acid. One of the bovine strains was resistant to 7 of the drugs, and 1 strain was resistant to 17 of these antimicrobial agents. All of the bovine strains exhibited resistance to cloxacillin, lincomycin, novobiocin, pencillin G, sulfathiazole, sulfamethizole, and triple sulfa (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine). None of these strains showed resistance to gentamicin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurazone, or nitrofurantoin.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Antibiograms of streptococci isolated from bovine intramammary infections.

A total of 455 streptococcal cultures from bovine intramammary infection in 72 herds were studied to determine their sensitivity to 17 antimicrobial agents. More than 90% of the cultures were sensitive to carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and penicillin. Gentamicin, neomycin, nitrofurazone, polymyxin, and streptomycin were ineffective in the in vitro inhibition of streptococci.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Ways to improve ambulatory care for patients with surgical infection].

A deep analysis of purulent surgical diseases and purulent complications in 5,780 out-patients was conducted by means of a specially worked out punch card. Four groups were identified posttraumatic purulent complications--accidental wounds, abscesses, phlegmons, panaris, regional lymphadenitis, osteomyelitis, etc.--3,274 (56.6%); purulent diseases--furuncle, carbuncle, suppurating atheroma, hidradenitis, etc.--2,208 (38.2%); postoperative purulent complications--155 (2.7%), and postinjection purulent complications--143 (2.5%). The prevailing therapeutic measures were surgery and antiseptic agents used during treatment (for irrigation and dressings) of the wounds; the efficacy of these agents was of great significance. The effect of three antiseptics was studied: nitrofurazone 1:5000, dimexid, and electrochemically activated water with pH-2.4. The two first antiseptics were applied both in the first and second phases of inflammation, activated water with pH 2.4 was used only in the first phase, and activated water with pH 11.3 was used in wound dressing in the second stage of healing. The average duration of temporary incapacity was 19.7 +/- 3.2 days in 2,661 patients treated with 1:5000 nitroturazone, 16.2 +/- 2.2 days in 2,700 patients treated with dimexid, and 10.3 +/- 1.4 days in 419 patients treated with activated water. Depending on the methods of wound treatment, the economical losses per patient were 1,380, 982, and 624 roubles, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[In-vivo-examinations of the relative radiosensitivity of hypoxic tumor cells (author's transl)].

The rate of cellular losses of hypoxic respectively euoxic cells of the solid experimental tumor "sarcoma 180" was examined in vivo after irradiations with gamma rays, 15 MeV neutrons, and alpha particles. The tumor cells were labeled in vivo, at first with 125I-UdR and after 50 hours with 131I-UdR. After a further interval of about 20 hours the tumor was irradiated. This method of double labeling makes it possible to determine externally the rates of cellular losses in the labeled zones of tumor cells presenting different partial oxygen pressures. The increase of the rates of cellular losses among the euoxic and hypoxic tumor cells induced by the gamma radiation differs by 2.6; it decreases, however, to 1.5 after injection of nitrofurazone prior to the irradiation. After irradiation with 15 MeV neutrons, a difference of only 1.4 was observed. If the tumors were irradiated internally with alpha particles from the reaction 10B(n,alpha) 7Li, there was no difference between the two rates of cellular losses. As far as the above mentioned kinds of radiation are concerned, the ratios from the increase of the rates of cellular losses induced by radiation are well corresponding to the oxygen enhancement found by other authors during their examinations in vitro.

Alpha Particles↗
PubMed1977

[The development of antibiotics resistance among Salmonella bacteria of animal origin in the Federal Republic of Germany and Berlin (West). 6th communication: 1975 Annual report (author's transl)].

2563 salmonella strains having been isolated by veterinary laboratories in the Federal Republic of Germany including West Berlin in 1975 were tested for resistance to tetracyclines, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, gentamycin, furazolidone, nitrofurazone, and trimethoprim. 11.4% of the strains tested were resistant to one or several of the above mentioned substances. The proportion of the resistant strains amounted to 36.0% for S. typhimurium, and 4.3% for S. typhimurium var. copenhagen, as well as 70% for S. dublin. 79.4% of all resistant strains belonged to these types. For S. panama, the proportion of resistant strains decreased to 6.7%. Out of 291 resistant strains found, resistance determinants were present in 89.0% to tetracyclines, 47.0% to chloramphenicol, 28.5% to ampicillin, 24.1% to kanamycin, and 4.1% to furazolidone. Resistance determinants to gentamycin, nitro-furazone, and trimethoprim did not occur, 81.1% of the strains transmitted resistance determinants to E. coli K-12. A transmission of resistance to furazolidone could not be demonstrated. The different serotypes exhibited clear-cut differences in their resistance patterns.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Purification, characterization, and cDNA cloning of an antifungal protein from the hemolymph of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly) larvae.

An antifungal protein (AFP) was purified from the hemolymph of third instar larvae of Sarcophaga peregrina. This protein repressed the growth of Candida albicans in Sabouraud medium in the presence of nitrofurazone. However, in distilled water or saline, AFP alone killed C. albicans. Significant synergism was detected between AFP and sarcotoxin IA, an antibacterial protein of Sarcophaga. The lethal effect of AFP on C. albicans was greatly enhanced by the presence of a small amount of sarcotoxin IA. AFP was shown to bind to C. albicans and cause leakage of a substance(s) with absorbance at 260 nm from the cells. Analysis of its cDNA showed that AFP is a novel histidine-rich protein consisting of 67 amino acid residues.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liquid chromatographic determination of nitrofuran residues in bovine muscle tissues.

A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed and statistically validated for simultaneous determination of nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, and furaltadone residues in bovine muscle tissues. These antimicrobial residues in samples stabilized at pH 6.0 were extracted with acetonitrile and purified by liquid-liquid partition between dichloromethane-ethyl acetate and hexane saturated with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile-ethyl acetate extract was concentrated, and drug residues were dissolved in LC mobile phase, filtered, and determined by LC. A C18 reversed-phase (ODS Hypersil) column at 35 degrees C, a mobile phase of 0.01M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5)-acetonitrile (70 + 30), and a UV/visible diode array detector at 365 nm were used. The retention times and UV spectra of peaks in spiked samples were compared with those of known nitrofurans. Limits of detection (LD) and quantitation (LQ) were 1 and 2 micrograms/kg, respectively. Average recoveries were 76% (range, 60-110%). Relative standard deviations ranged from 6 to 18% at 5 fortification levels from 1.5 to 20 micrograms/kg). (Fortification levels for furaltadone were 3 to 40 micrograms/kg). The method was used to analyze 350 samples per year from 1993 to 1995.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

High-performance liquid-chromatographic assay for nitrofurantoin in plasma and urine.

The high-performance liquid-chromatographic method described here for the quantitative analysis for nitrofurantoin in urine and plasma involves direct analysis of urine samples and analysis of plasma samples after protein precipitation by methanol. The assay, which requires only 0.2 ml of biological fluid and shows a linear relationship in the range 0.02 to 200 mg/liter, can be performed in 9 min and is reproducible (CV less than 2%). Results for nitrofurantoin so obtained correlate well with those obtained by the Hyamine 10-X spectrophotometric method (CV = 2%), but the present method is more sensitive. With no modification, the present procedure can also be used for nitrofurazone. The sensitivity, accuracy, and convenience of the method make it suitable for clinical monitoring and pharmacokinetic/bioavailability studies with 5-nitrofuran derivatives.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of gentamicin on early mortality and later performance of broiler and Leghorn chickens.

Field and floor-pen trials demonstrated that subcutaneous injection of 0.2 mg gentamicin at one day old reduced bacteria-caused deaths in White Leghorn and broiler-type chicks. Growth, feed efficiency, and condemnation data from broiler trials suggested an advantage for treated chickens over unmedicated controls. Ninety-nine percent of clinical isolates were susceptible to gentamicin (10 mug) when tested by the modified Kirby-Bauer method. In vitro susceptibilities of these isolates to neomycin, nitrofurazone, chloramphenicol, and kanamycin varied from 90 to 94%. About half of the isolates were susceptible to dihydrostreptomycin or tetracycline in vitro, while less than 10% were susceptible to penicillin or clindamycin. In vitro tests to determine the lowest concentration of antibiotics required to inhibit the growth of 31 bacterial isolates demonstrated that less gentamicin is required than neomycin, spectinomycin, or oxytetracycline.

Animals↗