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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Relationship between uterotrophic and interceptive activities of steroidal estrogens.

The steroidal estrogens ethinylestradiol, mestranol and the synthetic "impeded" estrogen derivatives STS 456, STS 593 and J 628 were studied for their postcoital antifertility activity and estrogenicity in mice, rats and rabbits. Results of these studies suggest a positive relationship between these two biological endpoints with the exception of the findings in rats. As seen in uterotrophic--anti-implantation ratio, in view of only one species it is possible to dissociate the interceptive and the unwanted uterotrophic activities. The profound species differences in the effects of exogenous estrogens on the nidation phase are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Practical contribution of examination of the products of abortion].

Methods of removal, histological analysis, and interpretation of products of abortion are described. Gross pathological examination should include a search for the egg or site of nidation in the decidua, and for embryoplacental lesions in the egg. Histological changes related to the topography, development stage, duration of intrauterine retention, and primary lesions of the villosities are outlined. Apart from incomplete products or those with prolonged intra-utérine retention, it is proposed that ovular pathology be classified in four main syndromes: endometrial changes with a subnormal egg; embryonic alterations with a subnormal placenta; overall hypoplasia of the embryo and placenta; trophoblastic diseases.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1978

Preclinical safety evaluation of 15[S]15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha : reproduction and teratology.

The abortifacient 15[S]15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha, designated PGF2alpha (M), was tested in pregnant rats and rabbits for purposes of preclinical safety evaluation. The material tested was the tromethamine salt of PGF2alpha with the generic name, carboprost tromethamine. Doses of 0.25, 0.50, and 1 mg/kg given by subcutaneous injection to male and female rats for 3 or 6 consecutive days before mating did not have an adverse effect on reproduction. The principal finding in rat and rabbit teratology studies was that PGF2alpha (M) had a high order of embryolethality regardless of when it was administered. Rabbits were more sensitive than were rats and PGF2alpha (M) interfered with nidation or early embryonic development when given during the second week of gestation. The largest dose of PGF2alpha (M) that allowed some fetuses to survive was 0.25 mg/kg for rats and 0.005 mg/kg for rabbits when given by subcutaneous injection for 3 consecutive days at some point during organogenesis. Fetuses from rabbits given the doses of 0.0025 and 0.005 mg/kg were normal. There were a variety of skeletal anomalies (mostly of ribs and thoracic vertebrae) in fetuses from rats given, by subcutaneous injection, doses of PGF2alpha (M) ranging from 0.25 to 0.05 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days at some point during organogenesis. Although there were few gross or visceral anomaliies in either rats or rabbits, the incidence of osseous anomalies in rats was of both statistical and biologic significance. Rats given PGF2alpha (M) by subcutaneous injection beginning on the 15th day of gestation in a perinatal-postnatal study were most sensitive to the abortifacient. In that study the no-effect level was 0.0001 mg/kg. At larger doses ranging from 0.25 to 0.003 mg/kg, treatment was associated with abortion, poor viability, and impaired lactation.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cervical pregnancy (case report)].

In a 28-year-old patient, without menstruation for 2 months, curettage was performed on suspicion of an incomplete abortion. Owing to a profuse bleeding, cervical pregnancy was suspected and the patient was at once operated on, abdominal hysterectomy was applied, and cervical pregnancy was confirmed histologically. In the uterine corpus adenomyosis was revealed. This might have aggravated a normal nidation of the ova and contributed to the development of cervical pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anatomicopathological aspects of genital bilharziasis in women].

The localisations of the genital bilharziosis of the woman are not very known. However, they are responsible of many functional sequelae: pelvic aches, menstrual troubles, aberrant nidations, spontaneous abortions, permanent sterilities. From 43 anatomic taking investigated from 1971 to 1982 and from the literature they have collected, the authors successively study the localisations of the genital bilharziosis on ovary (21 %), uterine tube (16 %), uterine cervix (42 %), vulva, vagina and clitoris (21 %). They describe the histologic responsible lesions and their pathogenic mechanism. They dwell upon the fact that, in much cases, the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium, included in the tissues, are responsible of those anatomo-pathologic manifestations.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

From ovulation to blastocyst attachment. A review of early embryonic life in the mouse.

The development of the blastocyst from ovulation to implantation is discussed with particular reference to control mechanisms that enable the embryo to attach to the uterine wall, using the mouse as a laboratory model. The physical and chemical changes in the uterus and within the blastocyst are seen as essential steps towards implantation. Evidence that the oestrogen plays a fundamental part in the overall control of these changes is demonstrated. The interrelationship between the hormones of early pregnancy and the uterine production of histamine and cycle AMP is viewed in conjunction with the development of the blastocyst and the decidual changes that occur in the uterus which are essential for nidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Antihypertensive ergolinepropionamides.

The synthesis and the antihypertensive activity in rats of a series of 6-methylergolin-8 beta-yl-propionic acid derivatives are reported. The prolactin lowering activity (nidation inhibition test) in rats and the acute toxicity in mice were also studied as a measure of the specificity and safety of the potential antihypertensive compounds. From the structure-activity considerations reported here it is clear how modifications at the C8 side chain can improve the selectivity of the antihypertensive effects, whilst introducing substituents in other positions of the ergoline skeleton afforded unfavourable results in this respect. Compound 5, namely 2(R,S)-cyano-3-(6-methylergolin-8 beta-yl)-propionamide, emerged as the most interesting antihypertensive derivative.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lectin resistance and lectin binding in a rat adenocarcinoma.

Cell cultures from the R3230 AC rat mammary adenocarcinoma, when injected i.v. into F 344 rats, invariably produce multiple lung foci within 10 days. We compared the colonization potential of cultures exposed to 100 micrograms/ml medium of both Concanavalin A and Wheat Germ Agglutinin for 5 passages with the original cell line. All cell lines retained their ability to bind both lectins and to grow after subcutaneous implant; however, the lectin resistant after subcutaneous implant; however, the lectin resistant variant was found to have completely lost its capacity to nidate in the lung.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Plasminogen activators as markers of tumor colonization potential.

Cell suspensions from the R 3230 AC rat mammary adenocarcinoma, when injected intravenously into F344 rats, invariably produce multiple lung foci within 10 days. We compared the colonization potential of cultures obtained from these foci and from cell populations exposed to 100 micrograms/ml medium of both concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin for 5 passages with the original cell line. Plasminogen activator activity (PAA) was determined in all three cell subpopulations, using S2251 (KABI) as chromogenic substrate. All cell lines retained their ability to grow after subcutaneous implant. The lectin resistant variant was found to have lost its capacity to nidate in the lung completely and also had the lowest PAA. In contrast, the cell population derived from the lung foci ranked highest in PAA.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Appearance of tonofilaments and absence of microtubules in human endometrial glandular epithelium. A function of estrogen activity.

In 1966, Cavazos et al.(1) carried out electron-microscopic studies of human endometrium and reported the presence of microtubules in glandular epithelial cells. This study presents evidence that no microtubules are evident at any stage of the menstrual cycle. Instead, there are numerous tonofilaments that increase in number, forming bundles that relate to the formation of new desmosomes. They are under the influence of both endogenous and exogenous estrogen and dissipate under the influence of progesterone. This feature may be of submicroscopic importance in stabilizing the rigidity of cells prior to preparation for nidation under the influence of progesterone.

Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1978

Demonstration of human chorionic gonadotropin during the second half of the menstrual cycle in plasma of regularly menstruating women users of copper IUds.

An attempt has been made of demonstrating the beta subunit of HCG in the plasma of 13 regularly menstruating women wearing a copper IUD. Eighteen menstrual cycles were explored with a total of 94 specimens obtained at 3-day intervals starting from the 16th day of the cycle. A cross reaction with LH was excluded by simultaneous assay of this hormone. Progesteron was also assayed so as to exclude anovulatory cycles. Five out of 12 ovulatory cycles yelded positive results with HCG values ranging from 171 to 692 mIU per ml. We therefore agree with the hypothesis according to which copper IUDs do not interfere with fecundation but with subsequent stages, specifically about the time of nidation of the blastocyst in the uterus.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[A study on immunological significance of prostaglandins -immunological significance of prostaglandin E in the endometrium around the implantation (author's transl)].

A number of studies have been reported providing indirect evidence of maternal immune response to fetus based on the data from peripheral blood of pregnant women, but little information is available on maternal local immune response at the endometrium involved in control of fetus rejection occurring around the time of implantation. Proliferative response of lymphocytes was measured in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated cultures in the presence of prostaglandins of the E series (PGE). When present in the culture at concentration of 10(2) ng/ml, physiological level in the secretory endometrium, PGE inhibited H3-thymidine (H3-TdR) incorporation by 50% of the control. The inhibitory effect was found not to be antagonized by polyphloretin phosphate or di-4-phloretin phosphate. Thus, effects of PGE in the endometrium on lymphocytes and uterine smooth muscle appear to be independent processes. When PGE was added at the beginning of culture, H3-TdR incorporation was suppressed most markedly. However, when added late during the activation process, the suppression was reduced. When PGE was in culture for 12 h and was removed by washing the cells before the addition of PHA, the effect of PGE was negated. These data indicate that effect of PGE affect the early period of the inductive phase of the immune response and is reversible. The significance of such a effect of PGE is discussed in connection with the nonspecific immunosuppression in the secretory endometrium preceding nidation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Delayed implantation in mustelids, with special emphasis on the spotted skunk.

Three distinct reproductive patterns are exhibited by mustelids. Some species (ferret and least weasel) breed during spring and summer and do not exhibit delayed implantation. Others (mink and striped skunk) exhibit variable gestation periods with brief periods of delayed implantation occurring only if the females are mated early in the season. Most mustelids (western spotted skunk, badgers, marten, wolverine, etc.) always exhibit a prolonged period of delayed implantation lasting several months. In such species, the luteal cells fail to undergo complete differentiation during the prolonged period of embryonic diapause. The process of luteal differentiation, which involves doubling of luteal cell size, extensive production of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial changes, and which is accompanied by increased progesterone secretion, occurs a few days before implantation and coincides with renewed embryonic development. Attempts to induce implantation in mustelids by injecting progesterone have failed, suggesting that other ovarian hormones hormones are required to induce nidation. Changes in photoperiod will hasten or delay luteal development, progesterone secretion and implantation. Hypophysectomy before the time of increased luteal function prevents implantation and increased progesterone secretion, whereas hysterectomy has no effect on progesterone secretion. This indicates that only pituitary hormones are required to induce the final steps in luteal cell differentiation and progesterone secretion. Attempts to induce increased luteal function and implantation by administration of exogenous gonadotrophic hormones have been inconclusive. Prolactin may be important in regulating luteal function in mink and ferrets but may be less significant in other mustelids such as the spotted skunk and European badger.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Ovum capture and fertility following microsurgical fimbriectomy in the rabbit.

Microsurgical fimbriectomy with removal of the fimbria ovarica was performed on one side in 19 rabbits. The other tube was left intact as a control. In 10 animals the new ostium was left free, some distance from the ovary. In the remainder, the ostium was fixed to the ovarian capsule. Three animals with a fixed ostium developed mild hydrosalpinx even though the neostomy was patent. Of the remaining 16 rabbits, 15 conceived and became pregnant in both uterine horns. There was no significant difference between nidation index on the two sides. It is concluded that intact fimbriae with a fimbria ovarica are not essential for normal ovum capture. It is therefore suggested that methods for clinical salpingostomy may require re-evaluation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Determination of HCG excretion for diagnosis of trophoblast vitality and assessment of age of early pregnancy (author's transl)].

A convenient technique for quantitative determination of human chorionic gonadotrophin in urine is described in this paper, Gravimun test kit reagents are used to establish inhibition of haemagglutination, using in glass tubes one tenth (Gravimun) or one fifteenth (Gravimun II) of the amounts of reagents which would be required for the original test. Erythrocytes undergo sedimentation as two longitudinal stripes in parallel on the bottom of the tubes. The spacing between them is taken as the measure of the HCG quantity added to the system and related to a specially prepared standard curve. The Second International Standard of HCG for Bioassay is used for comparison. - Relation c = t3 (c = HCG concentration, IU/L; t = days from nidation, 20 days from last menstruation) was established for this period of time from values which had been recorded from 500 normal early pregnancies up to the tenth week. That relation can be used as a rule of thumb by which to determine age of pregnancy or to calculate expected average HCG excretion up to the tenth week of pregnancy.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1981

[The incidence of congenital abnormalities following gestagen administration in early pregnancy (author's transl)].

198 women who had been trying for years to have a baby were submitted to a trial of prophylactic allyloestrenol therapy in an attempt to lower the incidence of spontaneous abortion. Allyloestrenol (Gestanon) was given at a dosage of 10 mg daily until the 8th week of pregnancy; the dosage was then stepped up to 15 to 20 mg daily until the 12th week of pregnancy and then rapidly tailed off. A decrease in the miscarriage rate was seen only in the group of women in whom treatment had been commenced immediately following ovulation (27 women: 1 miscarriage). If therapy was initiated only after the first missed period then it was without effect (161 women: 23 miscarriages). There were 4 cases of severe congenital abnormality; 3 of these cases arose in the group given allyloestrenol immediately after ovulation (with a drastic reduction in miscarriage rate). The results are discussed. They speak against a cytotoxic effect of the gestagen. It appears likely that the lowering in miscarriage rate occurs at the expense of a failure to prevent the nidation of abnormal fetuses who would normally be aborted.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1980

[Regulations on the interruption of pregnancy in current German criminal law].

The necessity of a revised law for induced abortion (section 218 StGB) originated by the insufficiency of the existing law and by the liberal standpoint of foreign laws which allowed an escape to foreign countries creating at the same time the danger of a "privilege for the rich". In the so-called "Indikationslösung induced abortion is generally liable to prosecution. This does not include the hindrance of nidation, the morning-after-pill, intrautere devices and timely curettage. The woman is unpunished if the operation is done by a physician and if preceeded by the legal council. Insufficient is the term "special distress" (besondere Bedrängnis) in which the court can withdraw a punishment. The new law favours the woman and burdens the physicians with responsibility to determine the indication, to give the medical and in some instances the social consultation. Each of these requirements is under penalty if not followed.

Abortion, Induced↗