Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Moral Development”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Moral reasoning in biomedical research protocols.

An analysis was performed of the ethics section in 134 biomedical research protocols submitted for review to a Danish Research Ethical Committee (REC) in 1990. The statements made in the ethics sections were identified and classified. It was found that 20% of the protocols lack an ethics section despite a specific requirement for such a section in the Helsinki-II declaration and the guidelines issued by the REC. The ethics sections have a median length of 6 lines of text and contain a median of 3 ethically relevant statements, thereby comprising 1.13% of the total research protocol. An analysis of the statements made show that 32% are purely formal and 30% are concerned with the area of information, consent and voluntariness. The remaining 38% are spread over a wide range of considerations. It is hypothesized that this relatively meager result reflects the researchers perception of the research review procedure as a mostly formal procedure.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1992

Ethical ideology, animal rights activism, and attitudes toward the treatment of animals.

In two studies, we used the Ethics Position Questionnaire (EPQ) to investigate the relationship between individual differences in moral philosophy, involvement in the animal rights movement, and attitudes toward the treatment of animals. In the first, 600 animal rights activists attending a national demonstration and 266 nonactivist college students were given the EPQ. Analysis of the returns from 157 activists and 198 students indicated that the activists were more likely than the students to hold an "absolutist" moral orientation (high idealism, low relativism). In the second study, 169 students were given the EPQ with a scale designed to measure attitudes toward the treatment of animals. Multiple regression showed that gender and the EPQ dimension of idealism were related to attitudes toward animal use.

Animal Experimentation↗
PubMed1992

Psycholegal issues in sibling bone marrow donation.

The only hope of survival for children with a number of life-threatening illnesses is a successful bone marrow transplant (BMT). Unlike the treatment source for most therapies, the raw material for transplant therapy comes from a human being. Although many BMTs are autologous, utilizing the patient's own bone marrow, a large percentage of childhood BMTs rely on bone marrow from children or adolescents who are biological siblings to the sick child. Medical and legal systems are confronted with a dilemma when healthy children are needed to undergo minimally risky, yet somewhat painful, procedures for the benefit of their critically ill siblings. This article reviews legal issues involved in sibling bone marrow donation and psychological research that is relevant to those issues. The article concludes with proposed directions for future psycholegal research and a discussion of ethical issues that are not amenable to empirical investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The ethical judgment of animal research.

One hundred sixty subjects acted as members of a hypothetical Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and evaluated five proposals in which animals were to be used for research or educational purposes. They were asked to approve or reject the proposals and to indicate what factors were important in reaching their ethical decisions. Gender and differences in personal moral philosophy were related to approval decisions. The reasons given for the decisions fell into three main categories: metacognitive statements, factors related to the animal, and factors related to the design of the experiment.

Animal Care Committees↗
PubMed1996

Professional ethics of psychologists and physicians: morality, confidentiality, and sexuality in Israel.

Clinical psychologists' and nonpsychiatric physicians' attitudes and behaviors in sexual and confidentiality boundary violations were examined. The 171 participants' responses were analyzed by profession, sex, and status (student, resident, professional) on semantic differential, boundary violation vignettes, and a version of Pope, Tabachnick, and Keith-Spiegel's (1987) ethical scale. Psychologists rated sexual boundary violation as more unethical than did physicians (p less than .001). Rationale (p less than .01) and timing (p less than .0001) influenced ratings. Psychologists reported fewer sexualized behaviors than physicians (p less than .05). Professional experience (p less than .01) and sex (p less than .05) were associated with confidence-violating behavior. Overall, 78% of the sample reported attitudes or behaviors associated with boundary violations. The behavior violations were correlated (r = .49). Actual violators rated vignette violators more leniently than did nonviolators (p less than .01).

Attitude↗
PubMed1997

Moral judgments in the rationing of health care resources: a comparative study of clinical health professionals.

Social workers, physicians, and nurses from a major urban teaching hospital were assessed and compared regarding their attitudes toward the rationing of health care. Responses to eighteen statements of considered moral judgments in the rationing of health care resources were analyzed in terms of levels of agreement with each. All three professional groups rejected rationing based on patient age and socioeconomic worth. However, social workers and physicians were more likely than nurses to consider such factors as cost-benefit ratios, quality of life, relative strength of a patient's moral claim, and scarcity of resources in rationing decisions. Study findings appear to portray social workers and physicians as being more utilitarian and nurses more egalitarian in rationing decisions. Implications for practice in a managed care environment are presented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex differences and interpersonal relationships: a cross-sectional sample in the U.S. and India.

This study introduces a methodology for exploring sex differences and life span patterns in a small sample for the purpose of generating hypotheses concerning the frequency and kinds of relationships people identify as important. Sixty-two participants from the United States and India, ranging in age from nineteen to seventy-five were interviewed as part of a study on ego and moral development. These open-ended, semistructured interviews yielded information on relationships that was subsequently coded for analysis. Sex differences were found in the number of relationships mentioned, with females mentioning a higher number of relationships than males. Life span patterns regarding the number of relationships mentioned were different for men and women between ages nineteen to thirty-one, with women naming more relationships. At age thirty-five there was a convergence in the number of relationships mentioned by both sexes. This age also was the low point in the number of relationships mentioned by both sexes, with later life ages.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Predicting moral behavior in physical education classes: an application of the theory of planned behavior.

This study aimed to examine the potential of the Theory of Planned Behavior to predict moral behavior in primary school physical education classes. Primary school children (N=611) completed a questionnaire including the Theory of Planned Behavior variables. Also, 21 teachers filled in an adapted version of Horrocks' Prosocial Play Behavior Inventory which assesses five moral behavior facets. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that attitudes toward moral behavior and perceived behavioral control were significant predictors of intention towards moral behavior (54%). Intention and perceived behavioral control predicted teacher-reported moral behavior (41%). The present results indicated that the theory provides a valuable framework for study of primary school children's moral behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The relevance of Noddings' ethics of care to the moral education of nurses.

Noddings' ethics of care is proposed as a model for moral education in nursing. A discussion of Noddings' moral theory is followed by a review of significant criticisms of her theory and her response to these criticisms. Finally, the usefulness of her moral theory as a guide to moral education in nursing is explored.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2004

The ethics of pharmaceutical industry relationships with medical students.

Little research has been done on the extent of the relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and medical students, and the effect on students of receiving gifts. Potential harms to patients are documented elsewhere; we focus on potential harms to students. Students who receive gifts may believe that they are receiving something for nothing, contributing to a sense of entitlement that is not in the best interests of their moral development as doctors. Alternatively, students may be subject to recognised or unrecognised reciprocal obligations that potentially influence their decision making. Medical educators have a duty of care to protect students from influence by pharmaceutical companies.

Conflict of Interest↗