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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Genetic mapping of the obligate methylotroph Methylobacillus flagellatum: characteristics of prime plasmids and mapping of the chromosome in time-of-entry units.

A pULB113 (RP4::mini-Mu cts) plasmid was used to generate a library of prime plasmids carrying fragments of the Methylobacillus flagellatum genome. The genes carried by these prime plasmids were identified by complementation after transfer to suitably marked Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The hybrid plasmids were used for complementation mapping with a range of E. coli, M. flagellatum, and P. aeruginosa mutants. A preliminary map of the M. flagellatum genome section with seven groups of linked markers was obtained. Three of seven groups contain an overlapping sequence of cloned genes and can be considered as one large group of linked genes. A high-frequency-of-recombination donor of M. flagellatum (strain MFK64) mobilized the chromosome in a polarized manner from a single transfer origin. The donor was used to construct a time-of-entry map of the M. flagellatum chromosome. This was achieved by determining the time of entry of six randomly dispersed markers, four of which are included in known groups of linked markers. The linear map of M. flagellatum reported here consists of 44 markers.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2005

Mapping of QTLs for androgenetic response based on a molecular genetic map of x Triticosecale Wittmack.

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for androgenetic response were mapped in a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from the F1 hybrid of 2 unrelated varieties of triticale, 'Torote' and 'Presto'. A molecular marker linkage map of this cross was previously constructed using 73 DH lines. This map contains 356 markers (18 random amplified 5 polymorphic DNA, 40 random amplified microsatellite polymorphics, 276 amplified fragment length polymorphisms, and 22 simple sequence repeats) and was used for QTL analysis. The genome was well covered, and of the markers analysed, 336 were located in 21 linkage groups (81.9%) identified using SSR markers. The map covered a total length of 2465.4 cM with an average of 1 marker for each 6.9 cM. The distribution of the markers was not homogeneous across the 3 genomes, with 50.7% detected in the R genome. Several QTLs were found for the following variables related to the androgenetic response: number of embryos/100 anthers; plants regenerated from 100 embryos; number of green plants/total number of plants; and number of green plants/1000 anthers. Two were detected on chromosome 6B and 4R, which together had a 30% total influence on the induction of embryos. Another was found on 6B and on the unidentified LG1; these influenced the production of total plants from haploid embryo cultures. One QTL on chromosome 3R determined the photosynthetic viability of the haploid plantlets regenerated from microspores. Other QTLs were found on chromosomes 1B, 1R, 4R, and 7R, which helped the control of the final androgenetic response (the number of plantlets obtained for every 1000 anthers cultured).

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2006

Assignment of 204 genes localized on HSA17 to a porcine RH (IMpRH) map to generate a dense comparative map between pig and human/mouse.

Bi- and uni-directional chromosome painting (ZOO-FISH) and gene mapping have revealed correspondences between human chromosome (HSA) 17 and porcine chromosome (SSC) 12 harboring economically important quantitative trait loci. In the present study, we have assigned 204 genes localized on HSA17 to SSC12 to generate a comprehensive comparative map between HSA17 and SSC12. Two hundred fifty-five primer pairs were designed using porcine sequences orthologous with human genes. Of the 255 primer pairs, 208 (81.6%) were used to assign the corresponding genes to porcine chromosomes using the INRA-Minnesota 7000-rad porcine x Chinese hamster whole genome radiation hybrid (IMpRH) panel. Two hundred three genes were integrated into the SSC12 IMpRH linkage maps; and one gene, PPARBP, was found to link to THRA1 located in SSC12 but not incorporated into the linkage maps. Three genes (GIT1, SLC25A11, and HT008) were suggested to link to SSC12 markers, and the remaining gene (RPL26) did not link to any genes/expressed sequence tags/markers registered, including those in the present study. A comparison of the gene orders among SSC12, HSA17, and mouse chromosome 11 indicates that intra-chromosomal rearrangements occurred frequently in this ancestral mammalian chromosome during speciation.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1994

Isolation and mapping of 328 new cosmid markers on human chromosome 8: construction of a high-resolution cytogenetic map of chromosome 8 with 416 markers.

We have determined the chromosomal localizations of newly isolated cosmids by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on prometaphase R-banded chromosomes and have constructed a high-resolution cytogenetic map for human chromosome 8 with 416 cosmid markers, including 328 new markers and 88 reported previously. Of the 416 markers, 229 were mapped to the long arm of chromosome 8, 181 to the short arm, and 6 to the centromere. Although the clones were scattered throughout the chromosome, they were concentrated in R-positive bands. Since the estimated physical length of chromosome 8 is 135 Mb, the overall average distance between loci is 320 kb, but the average separation of loci on R-positive bands is nearly 130-200 kb. This cytogenetic map will serve as a resource for efforts to characterize chromosomal and molecular aberrations involved in cancers, to clone genes associated with hereditary diseases, and to construct a detailed physical map of large electrophoretic fragments and/or contiguous cosmids and yeast artificial chromosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Determinants of sketch-map orientation: an examination into the adoption of egocentric and conventional systems of reference to sketch-map drawing].

This study examined the determinants of adults' sketch-map orientation in terms of adoption of Egocentric and Conventional Systems of Reference (ESR and CSR) proposed by Sholl and Egeth (1980). If an ESR adoption in sketch-map drawing depends on a tuning activity of 'orienting schemata' (Sholl, 1987), subjects are expected to comprehend their own body direction accurately at the current position. To test this hypothesis, subjects were asked to judge the direction to the library entrance relative to their body direction at the current position. Subjects were asked to judge the direction to the north, to confirm that those who adopted CSR in sketch-map drawing regard the top of the sketch-map as north. In addition, whether the frequency of ESR adoption increases by telling subjects to draw the current position first, or not was examined. Results indicated a significant increase in ESR adoption. Subjects who adopted ESR performed well in judging the direction to the library entrance. On the other hand, subjects who adopted CSR poorly performed in judging the direction to the north.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Integration of the genetic map and the physical map of the subterminal region on the longer arm of rice chromosome 6].

The region between RFLP markers G342 and R1167 was the subterminal part of the longer arm on the rice chromosome 6, because Shen et al. (1998) mapped two telomeric repeat associated sequences distal to G342. In order to integrate the genetic map and the physical map of the region, G342 and R1167 were firstly used to screen BAC library. Based on the positive clones detected by the two markers and chromosome walking by using the outer most insert-end of the overlapping clones, a contig containing 16 BAC clones which spanned 500 kb was constructed. All the insert-ends of the BAC clones could be amplified with thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR. Fourteen insert-ends were subcloned. Seven of them were identified as a single or low copy sequences and five were mapped on the expected sites flanking G342 or R1167. The insert fragment isolated from the minimum tile BAC clones of the contig was used to screen a cDNA library and four different positive clones were detected.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2003

[Application of homozygosity mapping to the fine mapping of the osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome locus].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of homozygosity mapping in the fine mapping of the genes responsible for the rare autosomal recessive diseases. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction-single sequence length polymorphism was used to genotype the family members from 8 families with osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome(OPS) for 14 polymorphic loci within candidate region. The OPS candidate region was narrowed by searching for homozygous region in affected. RESULTS: The OPS candidate region was narrowed to a 1 cM interval between D11S1296 and D11S4136. CONCLUSION: Homozygosity mapping is a powerful method for mapping and narrowing the candidate region of the genes responsible for the rare autosomal recessive diseases.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

Construction of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome physical map and the strategy for mapping newly isolated genes in one membrane filter for hybridization.

A complete physical map of the Bacillus subtilis 168 chromosome was constructed. The merging of this physical map is expected not only to provide important insights into the organization and rearrangement of genes of this species but also to be a powerful means for the genome analysis. One of the most practical aspects is rapid and accurate mapping of newly isolated genes using a single membrane filter for hybridization. This protocol proved that not only unique genes but also multiple homologous genes dispersed on the chromosome can be physically mapped.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1999

Phosphorylation of MAP kinases by MAP/ERK involves multiple regions of MAP kinases.

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are activated with great specificity by MAP/ERK kinases (MEKs). The basis for the specific activation is not understood. In this study chimeras composed of two MAP kinases, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 2 and p38, were assayed in vitro for phosphorylation and activation by different MEK isoforms to probe the requirements for productive interaction of MAP kinases with MEKs. Experimental results and modeling support the conclusion that the specificity of MEK/MAP kinase phosphorylation results from multiple contacts, including surfaces in both the N- and C-terminal domains.

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases↗
PubMed1998

The fission yeast mitotic regulator win1+ encodes an MAP kinase kinase kinase that phosphorylates and activates Wis1 MAP kinase kinase in response to high osmolarity.

The Schizosaccharomyces pombe win1-1 mutant has a defect in the G2-M transition of the cell cycle. Although the defect is suppressed by wis1+ and wis4+, which are components of a stress-activated MAP kinase pathway that links stress response and cell cycle control, the molecular identity of Win1 has not been known. We show here that win1+ encodes a polypeptide of 1436 residues with an apparent molecular size of 180 kDa and demonstrate that Win1 is a MAP kinase kinase kinase that phosphorylates and activates Wis1. Despite extensive similarities between Win1 and Wis4, the two MAP kinase kinase kinases have distinct functions. Wis4 is able to compensate for loss of Win1 only under unstressed conditions to maintain basal Wis1 activity, but it fails to suppress the osmosignaling defect conferred by win1 mutations. The win1-1 mutation is a spontaneous duplication of 16 nucleotides, which leads to a frameshift and production of a truncated protein lacking the kinase domain. We discuss the cell cycle phenotype of the win1-1 cdc25-22 wee1-50 mutant and its suppression by wis genes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Characterization of three maize bacterial artificial chromosome libraries toward anchoring of the physical map to the genetic map using high-density bacterial artificial chromosome filter hybridization.

Three maize (Zea mays) bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries were constructed from inbred line B73. High-density filter sets from all three libraries, made using different restriction enzymes (HindIII, EcoRI, and MboI, respectively), were evaluated with a set of complex probes including the 185-bp knob repeat, ribosomal DNA, two telomere-associated repeat sequences, four centromere repeats, the mitochondrial genome, a multifragment chloroplast DNA probe, and bacteriophage lambda. The results indicate that the libraries are of high quality with low contamination by organellar and lambda-sequences. The use of libraries from multiple enzymes increased the chance of recovering each region of the genome. Ninety maize restriction fragment-length polymorphism core markers were hybridized to filters of the HindIII library, representing 6x coverage of the genome, to initiate development of a framework for anchoring BAC contigs to the intermated B73 x Mo17 genetic map and to mark the bin boundaries on the physical map. All of the clones used as hybridization probes detected at least three BACs. Twenty-two single-copy number core markers identified an average of 7.4 +/- 3.3 positive clones, consistent with the expectation of six clones. This information is integrated into fingerprinting data generated by the Arizona Genomics Institute to assemble the BAC contigs using fingerprint contig and contributed to the process of physical map construction.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed2000

Sentinel lymph node mapping in early-stage breast cancer: technical issues and results with vital blue dye mapping and radioguided surgery.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Axillary lymph node status is the most important prognostic factor in patients with operable breast cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated the possibility of identifying the sentinel lymph node (sN) as a reliable predictor of axillary lymph node status in both cutaneous melanoma and breast cancer. Sentinel lymph node identification proved feasible by either peritumoral dye injection (Patent Blue-V) or radiodetection, with identification rates of 65-97% and 92-98%, respectively. However, some important issues need further definition, namely (a) optimization of the technique for intraoperative detection of the sN, (b) predictive value of the sN with regard to axillary lymph node status, and (c) reliability of intraoperative histology of the sN. We reviewed our experience in sN detection in patients with stage I-II breast cancer to assess the feasibility and accuracy of lymphatic mapping, by vital blue dye or radioguided surgery, and sN histology as a predictor of axillary lymph node status. METHODS: Two groups of patients (55 and 48) were recruited between May 1996 and May 1997 and between October 1997 and February 1998; the patients of the first series underwent vital blue dye lymphatic mapping only, whereas those of the second series had a combined approach with both vital blue dye mapping and radioguided detection of the sN. RESULTS: In the first set of patients, the sN was identified in 36/55 patients (65.4%); sN histology predicted axillary lymph node status with a 77% sensitivity (10/13), a 100% specificity (23/23), an 88.5% negative predictive value (23/26), and an overall 91.5% accuracy (33/36). The sN was the quasi-elective site of lymph node metastases because in clinically N0 patients nodal involvement was 20-fold more likely at histology in sN than in non-sN (30% and 1.5%, respectively). In the second set of patients, 49 lymphadenectomies were performed because 1 patient had bilateral breast cancer; the sN was identified in 45/49 lymphadenectomies (92%). The sN was intraoperatively negative at frozen-section examination in 33 cases, and final histology confirmed the absence of metastases in 31/33 cases (94%), whereas in 2 cases (6%) micrometastases only were detected. Final histology of the sN predicted axillary lymph node status with an 87.5% sensitivity (14/16), a 100% specificity (29/29), a 93.5% negative predictive value (29/31), and an overall 95.5% accuracy (43/45). CONCLUSIONS: Sentinel lymphadenectomy can be better accomplished when both mapping techniques (vital blue dye and radioguided surgery) are used. In this group of patients, agreement of intraoperative histology of the sN with the final diagnosis was 94%, and sN histology accurately predicted axillary lymph node status in 43/45 lymphadenectomy specimens (95.5%) in which an sN was identified.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Formation of a direction map by projection learning using Kohonen's self-organization map.

In this paper, we propose a modification of Kohonen's self-organization map (SOM) algorithm. When the input signal space is not convex, some reference vectors of SOM can protrude from it. The input signal space must be convex to keep all the reference vectors fixed on it for any updates. Thus, we introduce a projection learning method that fixes the reference vectors onto the input signal space. This version of SOM can be applied to a non-convex input signal space. We applied SOM with projection learning to a direction map observed in the primary visual cortex of area 17 of ferrets, and area 18 of cats. Neurons in those areas responded selectively to the orientation of edges or line segments, and their directions of motion. Some iso-orientation domains were subdivided into selective regions for the opposite direction of motion. The abstract input signal space of the direction map described in the manner proposed by Obermayer and Blasdel [(1993) J Neurosci 13: 4114-4129] is not convex. We successfully used SOM with projection learning to reproduce a direction-orientation joint map.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1976

Automated precordial mapping for S-T segment analysis: variability in serial mappings of normal subjects and patients with stable S-T elevation.

An automated method of precordial mapping using a modified Caceres U.S. Public Health Service Electrocardiogram Diagnosing Program has been developed. The S-T segment elevation was measured in three successive complexes and averaged for each of the 35 precordial leads. The onset of the S-T segment (J point) was accurately located in over 99 percent of instances. The time required to sample the 35 leads averaged 8 1/2 minutes with subsequent data analysis requiring an additional 7 minutes. The S-T segment variability between serial mappings done over a 1 to 2 hour period was determined in normal subjects and patients with stable S-T elevation. The average S-T segment elevation/35 leads in normal subjects was 1.28 mv (range 0.41 to 2.14) and the between-mapping variability was +/- 0.25 mv at the 95 percent confidence level. The average S-T segment elevation/35 leads in the patients was 4.01 mv (range 1.35 to 7.28) mv. The between-mapping variability was +/- 0.29 mv (95 percent confidence level), and was not statistically different from the variability in normal subjects (P less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Interaction between rat brain microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and free ribosomes from Xenopus oocyte: a possible mechanism for the in ovo distribution of MAPs.

The binding of microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) to free 80 S ribosomes isolated from Xenopus laevis oocytes inhibits in vitro tubulin assembly (Jessus et al., 1984). The inhibition of tubulin polymerisation was shown to be dependent upon GTP. The dose of GTP needed to induce 50% of the maximal effect was 0.5 mM. Furthermore, the inhibition is enhanced by pretreatment of the ribosomes with ATP-gamma-S, and partially abolished after phosphatase treatment, which strongly suggests that protein phosphorylation regulated the inhibitory effect. When fluorescent purified MAPs are microinjected into Xenopus laevis oocyte, they cap 1 h later the basal nuclear envelope; in contrast, when the fluorescent MAPs-ribosome complex is injected, the fluorescent MAPs remain in the cytoplasm and never reach the region underlying the nuclear envelope.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Fractionation and identification of spinach chloroplast transfer RNAs and mapping of their genes on the restriction map of chloroplast DNA.

Spinach chloroplast 4S RNAs has been separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into about 35 species. After extraction from the gel, 27 of these RNA species were identified by aminoacylation as tRNAs specific for 16 amino acids. Individual tRNAs were labeled in vitro with 125I and hybridized to DNA fragments obtained by digestion of spinach chloroplast DNA with KpnI, PstI, SalI and XmaI restriction endonucleases. A minimum of 21 genes corresponding to tRNAs for 14 different amino acids have been localized on the restriction endonuclease cleavage site map of the DNA molecule. Of these, 15 genes corresponding to tRNAs for 12 amino acids are located in the larger of the two single-copy regions which separate the two inverted copies of the repeat region. Each copy of this repeat region contains a set of genes for the ribosomal RNAs and a gene for tRNA2Ile in the "spacer" sequence between the 16S and 23S ribosomal RNAs. The genes for tRNA1Ile, tRNA2Leu and tRNA3Leu also map in the repeat region, but outside the ribosomal DNA unit. At present, two more chloroplast tRNAs (for Pro and Lys) have been identified, but not mapped, while 4 unidentified 4S RNAs have been mapped in the large single-copy region of the DNA molecule. Evidence is presented that isoaccepting tRNA species can be transcripts from different loci.

Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases↗
PubMed2000

Lipari-Szabo mapping: A graphical approach to Lipari-Szabo analysis of NMR relaxation data using reduced spectral density mapping.

In this paper, we explore connections between the Lipari-Szabo formalism and reduced spectral density mapping, and show how spectral density estimates can be associated with Lipari-Szabo parameters via a simple geometric construction which we call Lipari-Szabo mapping. This relationship can be used to estimate Lipari-Szabo parameters from spectral density estimates without the need for nonlinear optimization, and to perform 'model selection' in a graphical manner. The Lipari-Szabo map also provides insight into the Lipari-Szabo model, and allows us to determine when a given set of experimental spectral densities are inconsistent with the Lipari-Szabo formalism. Practical applications of Lipari-Szabo mapping in conjunction with more traditional analysis methods are discussed.

Anisotropy↗
PubMed2000

Cdk2 associates with MAP kinase in vivo and its nuclear translocation is dependent on MAP kinase activation in IL-2-dependent Kit 225 T lymphocytes.

Cell proliferation is controlled by cdk2 which in association with cyclin E and A regulates G1/S transition and S phase progression. cdk2 activation is dependent on its localization in the nucleus where regulatory mediators are found. We report that activation of cdk2 is associated with the formation of cdk2/MAP Kinase complexes. cdk2 associates with both inactive and activated MAP Kinase. Prevention of MAP Kinase activation by the MEK inhibitor PD98059 inhibits both activation and nuclear localization of cdk2 and S phase entry. These findings indicate that the nuclear translocation of cdk2 is associated with the formation of molecular complexes containing active MAP Kinase and is dependent on MAP Kinase activation. Oncogene (2000) 19, 4184 - 4189

CDC2-CDC28 Kinases↗