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PubMed2001

Lessons from a trial of acupuncture and massage for low back pain: patient expectations and treatment effects.

STUDY DESIGN: A subanalysis of data derived from a randomized clinical trial was performed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of a patient's expectation for benefit from a specific treatment with improved functional outcome. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Psychosocial factors, ambiguous diagnoses, and lack of a clearly superior treatment have complicated the management of patients with chronic low back pain. The authors hypothesized that patient expectation for benefit from a specific treatment is associated with improved functional outcomes when that treatment is administered. METHODS: In a randomized trial, 135 patients with chronic low back pain who received acupuncture or massage were studied. Before randomization, study participants were asked to describe their expectations regarding the helpfulness of each treatment on a scale of 0 to 10. The primary outcome was level of function at 10 weeks as measured by the modified Roland Disability scale. RESULTS: After adjustment for baseline characteristics, improved function was observed for 86% of the participants with higher expectations for the treatment they received, as compared with 68% of those with lower expectations (P = 0.01). Furthermore, patients who expected greater benefit from massage than from acupuncture were more likely to experience better outcomes with massage than with acupuncture, and vice versa (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that patient expectations may influence clinical outcome independently of the treatment itself. In contrast, general optimism about treatment, divorced from a specific treatment, is not strongly associated with outcome. These results may have important implications for clinical trial design and recruitment, and may help to explain the apparent success of some conventional and alternative therapies in trials that do not control for patient expectations. The findings also may be important for therapy choices made in the clinical setting.

Acupuncture Therapy↗

PubMed2006

The effect of abdominal massage on bowel function in patients with spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of abdominal massage on clinical aspects of bowel dysfunction and colonic transit time in patients with spinal cord injury. Twenty-four patients were placed on a standard bowel program (phase I), after which abdominal massage was added to the regimen (phase II). Parameters of gastrointestinal system function and colonic transit times were evaluated. DESIGN: Uncontrolled clinical study. RESULTS: Eleven (45.8%) of the 24 patients had abdominal distention, and 10 (41.7%) had fecal incontinence in phase I; corresponding results for phase II were three (12.5%) and four (16.7%) (P = 0.008 and 0.031, respectively). There were no significant differences between the proportions of patients with difficult intestinal evacuation or abdominal pain or in mean time required for bowel evacuation in phase I vs. phase II. The mean frequencies of defecation in phases I and II were 3.79 +/- 2.15 (2.75-4.55) and 4.61 +/- 2.17 (3.67-5.54) bowel movements per week, respectively (P = 0.006). Mean total colonic transit time decreased from 90.60 +/- 32.67 (75.87-110.47) hrs in phase I to 72 +/- 34.10 (58.49-94.40) hrs in phase II (P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal massage has positive effects on some clinical aspects of neurogenic bowel dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury.

Abdomen↗

PubMed2004

Carotid dissection associated with a handheld electric massager.

The extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) is susceptible to injury and dissection from external shear forces applied to the neck. Traumatic ICA dissection usually occurs in the setting of a sudden, high amplitude force causing significant distortion of surrounding soft tissues. Weaker, repetitive forces applied for longer intervals may also pose a risk for ICA dissection. A 38-year-old woman with no significant stroke risk factors had sudden onset of severe dysarthria and left hemiparesis several days after receiving an approximately 20-minute neck massage with a handheld electric massager. The moving elements consisted of two approximately 2-cm-diameter spheres that percuss the skin with low amplitude and high frequency. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography demonstrated acute infarction in the right middle cerebral artery territory and dissection of the extracranial right ICA. Handheld electric massager units may cause ICA dissection and disabling stroke.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Value of pre-operative carotid sinus massage.

The usefulness of carotid sinus massage in pre-operative assessment is discussed with case examples. The technique and risks of carotid sinus massage are described. Carotid sinus massage is of particular value in the demonstration of sino-atrial and atrioventricular node disease in the absence of definitive abnormalities on the routine resting electrocardiogram, and in the identification of patients who show a hypersensitive response to vagal stimulation. These patients should be identified prior to procedures that involve marked vagal activity, since prolonged sinus arrest may occur.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

A critique of the methodology of research studies evaluating massage.

This review examines 14 research studies which have been undertaken to evaluate massage. The review offers a critique of the methodology of these studies, and issues relating to the research design, samples, measurement tools, analysis and the massage intervention are discussed. The critique highlights several key issues relating to the design of the studies and concludes with some recommendations for future research studies evaluating massage.

Bias↗

PubMed1990

Termination of intractable hiccups with digital rectal massage.

A 60-year-old man with acute pancreatitis developed persistent hiccups after insertion of a nasogastric tube. Removal of the latter did not terminate the hiccups which had also been treated with different drugs, and several manoeuvres were attempted, but with no success. Digital rectal massage was then performed resulting in abrupt cessation of the hiccups. Recurrence of the hiccups occurred several hours later, and again, they were terminated immediately with digital rectal massage. No other recurrences were observed. This is the second reported case associating cessation of intractable hiccups with digital rectal massage. We suggest that this manoeuvre should be considered in cases of intractable hiccups before proceeding with pharmacological agents.

Hiccup↗

PubMed1994

Monoplegia following carotid sinus massage.

Serious complications after carotid sinus massage are rare. A case is described of monoplegia complicating carotid sinus massage in an elderly patient without symptoms or signs of cerebrovascular disease. We remind physicians of this potential complication and suggest that alternative therapies be considered prior to the use of carotid sinus massage in this age group.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Use of reflexology foot massage to reduce anxiety in hospitalized cancer patients in chemotherapy treatment: methodology and outcomes.

AIM: To examine the effectiveness of reflexology foot massage in hospitalized cancer patients undergoing second or third chemotherapy cycles. BACKGROUND: Since the late-1970s, studies have been conducted to assess the efficacy of behavioural and relaxation approaches in controlling nausea/vomiting, anxiety and other side-effects associated with chemotherapy. METHODS: The study consisted of 30 patients being admitted to the oncology unit at a Scientific Research Hospital in Italy. Only 15 of the 30 participants received therapeutic massage. The subjects' self-reports of anxiety (measured by the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) were recorded before, after and 24 hours after the intervention. RESULTS: There was an average decrease of 7.9 points on the state-anxiety scale in the treatment group and of 0.8 points in the control group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Reflexology foot massage can be considered a support treatment used in combination with traditional medical treatments and executed by an expert, qualified person to help cancer patients receiving chemotherapy feel better and also cope better with their disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

A community-based sports massage course for Aboriginal health workers.

OBJECTIVE: To pilot a community-based and owned sports massage course for Aboriginal health workers (AHWs). DESIGN: Descriptive, pilot educational intervention study. SETTING: Rural, Indigenous Australian community. SUBJECTS: AHWs working in a rural community. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cultural and logistical acceptability of the program to AHWs. RESULTS: The course was delivered within a culturally acceptable framework with applicability for the evaluation of sports massage skills and knowledge changes in a larger sample. CONCLUSION: The sports massage course demonstrated its applicability in this rural Aboriginal community and it has the potential to be adapted and adopted in other similar settings.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Biomedical aspects of cardiac massage in experiments and clinical practice.

Despite current successes in modern cardiology and heart surgery, the problem of restoring and maintaining cardiac function in cases of sudden arrest or ventricular insufficiency is still urgent. Different methods of mechanically assisting the heart and replacing its pumping function exist, and direct mechanical cardiac massage (DMCM) is one of the more important. Experimental results with dogs and calves on 2- to 4-h DMCM, cardiac massage lasting for up to 48 h, subsequent restoration of cardiac activity, and cardiac massage during experimentally induced myocardial infarction permitted clinical application in patients with myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular fibrillation. DMCM also permits extension of the possibilities of obtaining and transplanting donor organs. It is one of the variants for solving the problem of total and partial replacement of the pump function of the heart, and now makes it possible to solve some important problems in transplantation and cardiac resuscitation.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Ventricular tachycardia terminated by carotid sinus massage.

Carotid sinus massage affects supraventricular arrhythmias primarily through vagotonic effects on the sinus and AV nodes, but vagal innervation of the ventricle also exists and has been shown to have functional significance. The case presented here illustrates an unusual example of a ventricular tachycardia that was repeatedly converted to normal sinus rhythm by carotid sinus massage following administration of digoxin. The clinician should be aware that a wide QRS-complex tachycardia that responds to carotid sinus massage is not necessarily supraventricular in origin.

Carotid Sinus↗

PubMed1994

Massage--the scientific basis of an ancient art: Part 2. Physiological and therapeutic effects.

The physiological and therapeutic effects of massage are frequently questioned. This article reviews previous research into the effects of massage on blood flow and composition, oedema, connective tissue, muscle and the nervous system. Although further investigations are clearly required in certain areas, the discussion demonstrates that the use of massage in sports medicine can be justified according to orthodox scientific criteria.

Blood Circulation↗

PubMed1980

Carotid sinus reflex in patients undergoing coronary angiography: relationship of degree and location of coronary artery disease to response to carotid sinus massage.

Heart rate and blood pressure responses during and after carotid sinus massage were examined in 66 patients just before coronary angiography. A significant relationship was found between heart rate and blood pressure responses and (1) angina pectoris class, (2) total coronary artery disease score and (3) presence of high-grade (> 90%) stenosis of any of the three major coronary arteries. Only patients with contraction abnormalities of the anterolateral left ventricular region had greater cardionhibitory responses than patients with normal left ventricular angiograms. Among patients with normal left ventricular angiograms, those with more than 50% stenosis of one or more vessels had significantly (p < 0.01) greater responses than those with no or minimal coronary artery disease. All 21 hypersensitive (asystole longer than 3 seconds) patients had significant multivessel coronary artery stenoses or single-vessel high-grade stenosis (greater than or equal to 90%) proximal to the atrioventricular nodal artery. None of the 11 patients with normal coronary arteries had an exaggerated response to carotid sinus massage. These data support the association of an exaggerated response to carotid sinus massage in the presence of symptomatic coronary artery disease and suggest that the magnitude of response is influenced by the severity of the disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of warming up, massage, and stretching on range of motion and muscle strength in the lower extremity.

The effects of general warming up, massage, and stretching on ranges of motion (ROM) and strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles were measured in eight male volunteers. Thigh muscle strength was not influenced by the experimental procedures. Stretching resulted in a significantly increased range of hip flexion/extension, hip abduction, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion; the effect was significantly greater than that obtained by massage and warming up separately or combined. Only ankle dorsiflexion was influenced by massage or warming up, whereas stretching affected all muscle groups tested. Stretching was, therefore, superior to the other methods tested for increasing flexibility in the lower extremity.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed2003

HIV risk among Asian women working at massage parlors in San Francisco.

The purpose of this paper is to describe working conditions, health outcomes, social, and psychological factors related to HIV risk among Asian women who work at massage parlors in San Francisco. We conducted environmental mapping to identify communities and massage parlors where Asian women work as masseuses, and conducted survey interviews with 100 masseuses using venue-based snowball sampling. Difficult work conditions contributed to participants' HIV risk, including multiple sex customers each workday, long working hours, physical and verbal abuse from customers, economic pressures, and poor access to health care. Inconsistent condom use for vaginal sex with customers was positively associated with their fatalistic ideas and weak norms toward practicing safe sex with customers. Interventions should address cultural and occupational contexts in which Asian masseuses engage in sex work, and should focus on altering massage parlor policies and work environments.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Risk behaviors among Asian women who work at massage parlors in San Francisco: perspectives from masseuses and owners/managers.

This study investigates cognitive, cultural, and contextual factors that influence HIV-related risk behaviors among Asian women who engage in sex work at massage parlors in San Francisco. Focus groups and qualitative interviews were conducted for Vietnamese and Thai masseuses and massage parlor owners/managers. Economic pressure as well as subjective evaluation of customers for the risk of HIV/STD infection increase unprotected sexual behaviors among Asian masseuses. Massage parlor owners/managers do not establish a clear policy for condom use at their parlors. Consequently, male customers often manipulate their intention not to use a condom while negotiating with masseuses. HIV/STD prevention intervention programs should address specific risks and needs for Asian masseuses, owners/managers, and male customers in order to promote health and well being among Asian masseuses who have been neglected by public health and social services.

Asian↗

PubMed1997

[The effect of massage before venipuncture on the reaction of pre-school and school children].

The objective of this work is to describe the effect of massage done by parents on the reaction to venous puncture of preschooler and school age child hospitalized. Children's reactions were evaluated through the data of vital parameters, non-verbal communication and verbalization. The results obtained indicated that massage had significant effect in non-verbal reactions, especially those related to muscular relaxation. Effects on the reaction of vital parameters showed no difference between the two procedures, with and without massage, realized on the same child.

Anxiety↗

PubMed1997

Massage therapy as a workplace intervention for reduction of stress.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 15-min. on-site massage while seated in a chair on reducing stress as indicated by blood pressure. 52 employed participants' blood pressures were measured before and after a 15-min. massage at work. Analysis showed a significant reduction in participants' systolic and diastolic blood pressure after receiving the massage although there was no control group.

Adult↗