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Results for “MANDIBULAR CONDYLE”

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PubMed2002

Distribution of fibroblast growth factors (FGFR-1 and -3) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) in the rat mandibular condyle during growth.

OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the role of the fibroblast growth factors 1 and 3 (FGFR-1, -3) and the platelet derived growth factor (PDGFR) in the growth of the mandibular condylar cartilage in the rat. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Institute of Dentistry and Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. The material consisted of 1- to 21-day-old Long-Evans/Turku rats (total of 24 animals, three in each age group). DESIGN: An immunohistological in vivo study combined with histomorphometry and biostatistical analysis. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE: The animals were killed with an overdose of carbon dioxide and thereafter decapitated. Heads were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, decalcified in 12.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, cut sagittally into two halves and sectioned sagittally at 6 microns. In order to detect FGFR-1, -3 and PDGFR the sections were treated with H2O2/methanol (1:100), after which FGFR-1 and PDGFR monoclonal and FGFR-3 polyclonal antibodies were applied. The reaction products were visualized by using the Vectastain ABC Elite Kit using peroxidase substrate kit DAB as substrate. Negative and positive controls were also prepared. The sections were counterstained with hematoxylin. OUTCOME MEASURE: In order to measure the depth of the cell layer labeled with FGF-1, -3 and PDGF receptors, the condylar head was divided into four regions: anterior, superior, posterosuperior and posterior. The measurements were made perpendicular to the articular surface using a computerized image analysis system, the images being acquired by means of a microscope connected to a CCD camera. The mean of five equally distributed measurements of each region was used to indicate the depth of the cell layers secreting the receptors. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the depth of the labeled cell layer in relation to total depth of the condylar head, as a function of age. RESULTS: Our results show that the depth of the cell layer labeled for FGFR-1, -3 and PDGFR increase significantly as a function of age in the mandibular condylar head of rats. CONCLUSION: Increase in the cell layer labeled for FGFR-1, -3 and PDGFR occurs during the stage when the articular function of the mandibular condyle intensifies. FGFR-1, -3 and PDGFR evidently have an important role in the growth regulation of the condylar cartilage during the most rapid growth period in the rat.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Ultrastructure of the articular cartilage of the mandibular condyle: aging and degeneration.

To obtain more insight into the pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint, we examined the ultrastructure of articular cartilage of six healthy and sixteen osteoarthrotic human mandibular condyles. Ultrastructural changes due to aging and osteoarthrosis are described and compared with the findings of other ultrastructural studies of articular cartilage of synovial joints. Aging was accompanied by some slight degenerative signs. Osteoarthrotic hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage showed a striking similarity. The only ultrastructural difference was the presence of elastic fibers in the latter. Therefore, both seem to have the same pathogenesis. Several current statements on the pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Influence of growth hormone and thyroxine on endochondral osteogenesis in the mandibular condyle and proximal tibial epiphysis.

Interrelationships of growth hormone and thyroxine effects on endochondral osteogenesis have been investigated. Evidence is offered that thyroxine augments the effect of growth hormone on the mandibular condyle just as at other osteogenetic centers, for example proximal tibial epiphysis in hypophysectomized rats. This contrasts with previous reports of a unique thyroxine antagonism to the effect of growth hormone on condylar development. In a further study on tibial epiphysis, special attention was given to assure absence of the endogenous thyroid hormone by adding thyroidectomy to hypophysectomy and reducing the possibility of thyroteopin residues in growth hormone. By histochemical tests, the responses of both calcified and noncalcified regions of the epiphyseal cartilage plate were measured. Graded growth hormone doses stimulated graded response in a noncalcified region. Thyroxine augmented this response eightfold. The width of the calcified region of the plate did not vary with treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Significance of frequency-selective fat saturation T2-weighted MR images for the detection of bone marrow edema in the mandibular condyle.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of frequency-selective fat saturation (FS) T2-weighted images (T2WI) for the detection of bone marrow edema in the mandibular condyle. MR evidence of bone marrow abnormalities was examined on the set of FS T2WI and conventional T1WI or of conventional T2WI and T1WI in 200 patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) related pain. Other parameters studied were TMJ effusion, disk displacement categories, and cortical bone abnormalities. The detection rate and area of bone marrow edema by FS T2WI and T1WI were significantly greater than those assessed by conventional T2WI and T1WI. The correlation between bone marrow abnormalities on FS T2WI and T1WI and pain was significantly stronger than with conventional T2WI and T1WI. This study confirms that FS T2WI is useful for the detection of the "edema pattern" in the mandibular condylar associated with TMJ-related pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Relationship between increased horizontal condylar angle and resorption of the posterosuperior region of the lateral pole of the mandibular condyle in temporomandibular joint internal derangement.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between horizontal condylar angle, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disk displacement and resorption of the lateral pole of the mandibular condyle (RLC). METHODS: The study comprised 162 TMJs (81 patients). Disk displacement was assessed and the horizontal angle of the condyle was measured on axial MR images. RLC was assessed on oblique frontal projection plain radiographs. RESULTS: The horizontal angle was increased in joints with disk displacement without reduction (one-factor ANOVA and Scheffe's f-test, P<0.05). The angle was greater in joints with RLC than in the joints without RLC (Student's t-test, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that the horizontal condylar angle is increased in joints with disk displacement without reduction. A possible relationship exists between RLC and increased horizontal condylar angle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Ontogenesis of chondro/osteoclasts and their precursors in the mandibular condyle of the mouse.

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histochemistry has been used to follow chondro/osteoclasts and their precursors during ontogenesis of the mandibular condyle of the mouse (from day 16 of gestation until day 15 of neonatal life). TRAP+ mono-, bi-, and multinuclear cells were counted separately in the perichondrium, along the resorption front and in the subchondral spongiosa. Index of cellular density was calculated by dividing the absolute numbers of cells by the length of resorption front or the area of spongiosa, respectively. The study revealed that TRAP+ cells are present in the perichondrium of the mandibular condylar cartilage from the first day of its existence as an organ, namely day 17 of gestation. These cells are more numerous in the posterior part of the condyle, and reach their maximal number on the third day of neonatal life. Along the resorption front, mono-, bi-, and multinucleated TRAP+ cells were counted. Their total number and their respective indexes of cellular density changed variably during the observation period: (a) the number of mononuclear cells increased gradually and, by the end of the observation period, was 13 times greater than it was at the beginning; (b) the number of binuclear cells increased threefold; and (c) the number of multinuclear cells stayed constant, except for a small peak around the time of birth. The changes in the spongiosa showed an opposite trend. In the spongiosa, the index of cellular density of the mononuclear TRAP+ cells increased slightly during ontogenesis. The number of binuclear cells increased twofold, while the number of multinuclear cells increased 17-fold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

A solitary bone cyst of the mandibular condyle.

A review of the literature concerning solitary bone cysts of the jaws is presented. Our patient is typical except for the location of the cyst. No previous case of a solitary bone cyst confirmed to the mandibular condyle has been reported. No precise etiology for solitary bone cyst is known. The use of routine panoramic radiography has made detection of such cysts more common. Surgical exploration is indicated for diagnosis and treatment.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Localization and inhibitory effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on chondrogenesis in cultured mouse mandibular condyle.

The condylar cartilage, an important growth site in the mandible, shows characteristic modes of growth and differentiation, unlike the limb bud cartilage. To elucidate the mechanism of chondrogenesis at the condylar cartilage, we analyzed the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the growth and development of mouse mandibular condyle using serum-free organ culture and on the expression of genes related to the chondrogenesis. Further, we investigated the localization of bFGF in cultured condyle by immunohistochemistry. The present immunohistochemical observations showed that bFGF is localized in the extracellular matrix of the mesenchymal condylar anlage, the perichondrium and the proliferative cell zone, and that immunostaining was diminished in the metachromatically stained area. In the condyle culture with added recombinant human bFGF (rhbFGF) for 5 days, the area occupied by hypertrophic chondrocytes in the mandibular condylar cartilage was reduced. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay also showed that the mRNA levels of aggrecan and type X collagen were reduced compared with nontreated tissues. Treatment with rhbFGF for 2 days decreased cell proliferation in the perichondrium, and bFGF downregulated the Indian hedgehog (Ihh), parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), and core-binding factor alpha1 (Cbfa1) expression in the RT-PCR assay. These findings suggest that bFGF has the ability for inhibitory regulation of condylar growth, via the inhibition of proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes, and that this inhibitory regulation is related to the downregulation of growth factors and transcription factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Type II collagen expression in the mandibular condyle during growth adaptation: an experimental study in the rabbit.

An experiment was designed to mimic orthopedic functional appliances in order to investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of type II collagen secretion as a marker of cartilage maturation in the mandibular condyle of young rabbits. The position of the glenoid fossa in relation to the condyle was altered so that articulation now took place more posteriorly. Histological sections of the condyles of 15-, 20- and 30-day-old experimental and control animals were stained with toluidine blue and with an anti-type II collagen antibody. A widened progenitor cell layer was found posteriorly in the experimental condyles and a narrow layer was found anteriorly to the articulating region. The chondroblast layer was also widened posteriorly, whereas the hypertrophic cell zone was narrower; the opposite was seen anteriorly. The effect was marked in 15- and 20-day-old animals and weak in 30-day-old animals. Type II collagen stain and strong toluidine blue metachromasia were not observed in the progenitor cell zone until the chondroblasts had acquired a flattened, slightly hypertrophic morphology, which was found deeper in the experimental condyles than in the controls. This is interpreted as a slowing down of the differentiation of chondroblasts as a result of the force applied. The effect of masticatory function may also be explained in terms of delayed differentiation of chondroblasts and increased growth.

Animals↗