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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Study of anti-lithogenic action of zinc sulfate in experimental lithiasis in the rat].

Sodium oxalate injected into young rats, via the intraperitoneal route, at a dose of 8 mg per 100 g of body weight, induced death in 50 p. cent of animals, and induced calcium oxalate crystals in renal tissue. When a zinc solution was administered prior to sodium oxalate, at the dose of 12 micrograms/100 g of body weight, the mortality rate decreased, and at the same time oxalate and calcium deposits were significant reduced (respectively P less than 0.01; P less than 0.01). The same results were found when zinc was administered at 24 micrograms/100 g of body weight, however, oxalic accumulation was found to be significantly lower in this group than in the group treated at 12 micrograms. This protection against calcium oxalate deposits was complete in the animals treated with various doses of zinc, because compared to reference animals, which received distilled water, calcium accumulation in these groups was not different and oxalate accumulation was also found to be lower (respectively P less than 0.05; P less than 0.001). Microscopic examination showed calcium crystals only in the group treated with sodium oxalate, localized preferentially in the renal papilla. All these experiments conclude on the total inhibitory effect of zinc on experimental lithiasis induced by oxalic acid, even though it was administered at a dose of only 12 micrograms/100 g of body weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Comparative study between the anti-lithogenic action of zinc and copper against oxalic lithiasis in the rat].

Intraperitoneal injection of sodium oxalate, at the dose of 8 mg/100 g of body weight, induced into rats oxalate and calcium deposits in renal tissue, compared to animals which received distilled water (respectively P less than 0.05; P less than 0.05). However, when a zinc solution was administered previously, at the dose of 24 micrograms/100 g of body weight, oxalate and calcium accumulation was found to be significantly lower than in the group treated exclusively with sodium oxalate. Similar results were found when the metal used was copper, but oxalate accumulation was found to be significantly higher in this group than in the group treated with zinc (P less than 0.01). Compared to reference animals, which received distilled water, oxalate accumulation was found to be significantly decreased in the groups treated with both zinc (P less than 0.001) and copper (P less than 0.01), whereas calcium accumulation was found to be similar. Microscopic examination showed calcium crystals only in the group treated with sodium oxalate, preferentially localized in the renal papilla. These results suggest that zinc and copper, when administered at the dose of 24 mu/100 g of body weight, completely protect against experimental lithiasis induced by oxalic acid. However, the inhibitory effect of zinc was more pronounced than that of copper, especially against oxalate accumulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Physiopathology, etiology and medical treatment of non-calcium lithiasis].

Under the term "non-calcium nephrolithiasis", three types of renal stone formation are considered. (1) Infected nephrolithiasis, which is due to bacteriological ureolysis. Its treatment includes lowering of oversaturation by antibiotics, urease inhibition and/or acidification of the urine; lowering of crystallization by eradicating concomitant infections caused by non-ureolytic organisms; prevention of crystal adherence by exogenous glycosaminoglycans, and prevention of bacterial adherence by glycolipids. (2) Uric acid lithiasis is defined on physico-chemical and physiopathological grounds. Medical treatment consists of increasing water intake, reducing puric acid intake, alkalinizing the urine inhibiting xanthine-oxidase. (3) Cystinuria is described as a nephrolithogenic proximal tubulopathy. Medical treatment includes reduction of urinary cystine concentration by a strong increase of water intake; reduction of urinary cystine excretion by diet and increase of cystine solubility by urinary alkalinization or administration of some thiol compounds.

Cystinuria↗
PubMed1991

[Diagnosis and urologic development of urinary lithiasis. Revealing manifestations, radiologic diagnosis, course complications].

The presence and migration of stones in the urinary tract are the consequences of lithiasis, a pathological process whose evolutive potential determines the frequency of recurrence. The stones produce haematuria and above all obstruction which manifests itself by pain and may be complicated by infection. The most suggestive type of pain is renal colic, but other revealing manifestations may occur. Such signs require radiological exploration with plain X-ray of the abdomen, renal ultrasonography and intravenous urography. These three indispensable examinations complete each other, provide the diagnosis and in the vast majority of cases point to the appropriate treatment. The haemodynamic repercussions of urinary tract obstruction have been thoroughly documented and now form the basis of treatment of renal colic with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Obstruction and infection are the causes of all complications of urinary stones. Their management has been facilitated by recent advances in urology and should prevent the disease from destroying the kidneys and eventually causing chronic renal insufficiency.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Case of biliary lithiasis in an infant.

The case of a 3-month-old premature infant deceased by massive hemorrhage from a giant hemangioma of the right thigh, exhibiting also biliary lithiasis, is discussed. The six dark-green-blackish faceted calculi contained by the gall bladder appear to be formed of biliary pigment and the consequence of repeated inflammatory hemolytic episodes in an immunodeficient infant.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1991

[Massive lithiasis of the intra and extrahepatic bile ducts. Presentation of a clinical case].

A case of massive intra and extrahepatic lithiasis in a 52 year-old-man is presented. Diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography, CT and percutaneous cholangiography. The value of the different diagnostic procedures is analyzed. The need for elective surgical treatment is insisted on in order to remove the majority of the calculi, treatment of stenosis and adequate biliary drainage. Our case was treated with an hepatico-jejuno-duodenostomy (end to side) on an isolated jejunal loop with sphincteroplasty for drainage of the distal choledochus. In the postoperative period the patient was treated with Methyl-tert-butyl-ether for dissolution of the remaining calculi.

Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic↗
PubMed1991

Relationships between some lithogenetic factors and vitamin B6-status in idiopathic calcium lithiasis.

Several researchers have shown that a reduced intake of vitamin B6 can induce increased oxalate urinary excretion leading to a higher incidence of calcium oxalate stones. Furthermore, the treatment with pyridoxine in patients with urinary stones and high oxalate excretion has led to contradictory results as the excretion of oxalate was either decreased, unchanged or increased. To verify if these divergent results were linked to a different B6 status of the patients undergoing the treatment, we studied the vitamin B6 and the main lithogenetic factor levels in patients with idiopathic calcium lithiasis as compared to normal subjects. The results showed that a high oxalate excretion is not necessarily coupled with a low vitamin B6 status and viceversa. However, some stone formers present a non homogeneous vitamin pattern that could be the consequence of an abnormal vitamin B6 metabolism.

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diagnostic reliability of echography in ureteral lithiasis].

This article takes into account the diagnostic reliability of ultrasounds (US) in the ureteral lithiasis localisation. A stone has been ultrasonographically localised in 82.3% of 119 patients, this rate rising up to 89.4% in the last 85 consecutive patients. From a clinical point of view, 104 patients presented renal signs, whereas 10 out of them showed an atypical symptomatology, which at first led to a suspicion of acute appendicitis (5), intestinal obstruction (4), acute pancreatitis (1). A stone was accidentally detected in five asymptomatic patients. In 80% of the cases, the stone was situated in the proximal or juxtavesical ureter; in 20%, in the middle or distal ureter. A particular stress is laid in the ultrasonographic follow-up, by which the stone was uncovered in 6 cases, at first considered negative at US. Eight patients had to be referred to treatment with ESWL.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intrahepatic biliary lithiasis.

It has been known that intrahepatic biliary lithiasis (IHBL) is prevalent in East Asia including Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Singapore. In contrast, the entity has drawn little attention in Europe and the United States where only scattered reports appear. IHBL can be placed in the category of the benign disease. Its distinctive clinical picture is an intractable course necessitating multiple surgical interventions because recurrence is usual, rather than exceptional. This is in distinct contrast to ordinal stones which originate in the gallbladder. Patients with IHBL do not rarely die of progressive hepatic damage resulting from longstanding obstructive jaundice, cholangitis, liver abscess, septicemia, and so forth.

Bile Duct Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Metabolic changes in the patient with recurring lithiasis. Our cases].

Over a period spanning six months, 69 patients with lithiasis were selected for evaluation of mineral metabolism. Hypercalciuria, particularly renal, was the metabolic disorder that was commonly detected. A high incidence of altered uric acid metabolism was also observed. The importance of correct diagnosis and treatment of hyperparathyroidism is underscored because of the extraordinary benefit afforded to these patients. Correct patient selection has resulted in a lower incidence of those with normal metabolic parameters and has thus maximized the usefulness of these studies.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the treatment of bladder lithiasis. A new therapeutic option].

A case is presented on the use of extracorporeal lithotrity by shock waves to treat vesical lithiasis, using the desk module of a Lithostar-PlusR (Siemens) lithotripter. This is an effective method without morbidity an adequate for ambulatory use, specially valuable in patients where the use of more invasive methods, or surgery can be contraindicated or when the patient refuses such methods.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nonsurgical treatment of biliary lithiasis.

The paper is a review of the clinical experience acquired during the last 15 years in the treatment of biliary lithiasis with cholecyst or choledochal localization using methods which were expected to exclude surgery. After a short presentation of lithogenesis a brief description is made of chemical litholysis, endoscopic treatment and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The indications, techniques of treatment results, risks and accidents are also presented with an estimation on the financial efficiency of the new procedures.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1990

[Female urethral diverticulum with lithiasis].

A case of diverticulum of the female urethra complicated by lithiasis is described. The etiopathogenic aspects, clinical features, diagnostic methods and treatment of this rare condition are discussed.

Diverticulum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biliary lithiasis. Non-surgical treatment].

Between 1979 and 1989, forty-six patients with biliary lithiasis were treated by non-surgical methods. Jaundice was present in 32 (70%) patients. In five patients (11%), the bile stones were found during the routine ERCP for cholelithiasis. Five patients (11%) had stones with diameter of 30 mm and over. Clearing of biliary ducts was achieved in 44 patients (95.7%). Forty-five patients required endoscopic sphincterotomy, the other one, had a surgical sphincteroplasty performed at the time of cholecystectomy. The stones passed spontaneously in eight patients (17.4%), Dormia basket, shock-wave and mechanical lithotripsy, and contact chemical dissolution, alone or combined, were the methods of treatment. There were two faults (4.3%). In the first case, after the attempt to retrieve the stone with a Dormia basket, as no other method was available (1979), surgical treatment was done. The other case had multiple stones in the biliary tree located in both, intra and extrahepatic ducts. In this case, the use of all available procedures did not clear the biliary tract, so a surgical procedure was ordered. There was one complication (2.2%), a retroduodenal perforation that was treated medically. There was no mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Endoscopic sphincterotomy in the treatment of biliary lithiasis. Our experience].

Endoscopic Sphincterotomy (E.S.) is a simple and efficacious method for the management of bile duct stones and papillary stenosis. In this series, the E.S. was attempted in 25 patients and performed in 23 (92%). Nine patients had common bile duct stones. Eleven patients (48%) had common bile duct and gallbladder stones. Two patients (8.7%) had intrahepatic lithiasis and one patient (4.3%) had papillary stenosis without gallstones. After E.S. all patients underwent instrument removal of bile duct stones, using "Dormia" basket and "Fogarty" balloon catheter. Transnasal bile duct drainage was performed in 20 patients (86.9%). Early complications were observed in three patients (13%); one sphincterotomy side bleeding and two acute pancreatitis, which were treated successfully conservatively. Mean follow-up was 10.7 months (range 3-27 months). Late complications did not occur for the method and/or for gallbladder stones. Four patients over 80 years of age, died for unrelated causes during follow-up.

Aged↗