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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Informed consent and mental competence of the elderly in medical-scientific studies].

The decision whether a potential subject is competent or incompetent is a necessary and crucial part of conducting medical research in the elderly. The assessment of competency is required by the legal and ethical frameworks in which this research has to take place. The state of play in the national and international discussions of bills for legislation of this topic will be summarized. Especially the practical consequences of this forthcoming legislation for researchers will be explained. The ethical framework for medical research with elderly subjects will be described from a historical point of view. By means of a review of relevant literature the legal definition of competency will be operationalized and tests for its assessment will be discussed. Competency of consent is assessed by asking several questions about the essential elements of the study. The introduction of a try out of the study for a subject before asking consent ('experienced consent') is propagated as a method to optimize this consent of elderly subjects. Special conditions for giving the required information to elderly subjects, for the informed consent by proxy and for the inclusion of nursing-home residents, are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Continuities and changes in Swiss migration policy].

"In May 1991 the Swiss Federal Government...submitted to the Parliament some proposals aiming at reshaping the immigration policy. In this article, we give an overview of the current re-organisation of policy, we analyse the underlying logic of the adopted measures as well as their possible consequences, and we try to show how the policy towards foreigners interferes with the policy towards refugees and asylum-seekers. We describe the political and economic motivations behind the changes in policy.... We show how immigration policy and asylum policy have become gradually incompatible.... The contradiction is obvious in three aspects of the current policy: the ethnic selection, the selection according to occupations, and the legitimation of the selection." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Culture↗
PubMed2006

The interface between assisted reproductive technologies and genetics: technical, social, ethical and legal issues.

The interface between assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and genetics comprises several sensitive and important issues that affect infertile couples, families with severe genetic diseases, potential children, professionals in ART and genetics, health care, researchers and the society in general. Genetic causes have a considerable involvement in infertility. Genetic conditions may also be transmitted to the offspring and hence create transgenerational infertility or other serious health problems. Several studies also suggest a slightly elevated risk of birth defects in children born following ART. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has become widely practiced throughout the world for various medical indications, but its limits are being debated. The attitudes towards ART and PGD vary substantially within Europe. The purpose of the present paper was to outline a framework for development of guidelines to be issued jointly by European Society of Human Genetics and European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology for the interface between genetics and ART. Technical, social, ethical and legal issues of ART and genetics will be reviewed.

Ethics, Medical↗