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PubMed1994

Impact of udder disorders on culling of dairy cows.

Data from a prospective longitudinal study carried out from 1986 to 1990 in 47 commercial Holstein dairy herds from western France were used to quantify the effects of udder health disorders on the risk of culling. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between 4 udder health disorders and early and late culling. Teat injuries were associated with an increased risk of early culling in the current and following lactations. Mastitis and high milk cell count were associated with an increased risk of late culling in the current and following lactations, respectively.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1978

Plasma prolactin-releasing factor-like activity in the amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome.

An in vitro bioassay for plasma PRL-releasing factor-like activity has been developed. The method is a three-phase methanol extraction of plasma with extracts of 1.0 ml plasma adjusted to a final volume of 50 microliter. Single 50-microliter aliquots of extract were incubated in 1.0 ml Krebs-Ringer phosphate (KRP) buffer with one rat hemipituitary after a 1-h preincubation. Samples were obtained basally and 30 min after addition of the extract. During each set of incubations, a parallel series of hemipituitaries was incubated in KRP alone. The total nanograms of rat PRL released per mg pituitary tissue during the initial 30 min after preincubation was calculated for all studies. The mean quantity released in KRP alone was considered basal and was subtracted from values obtained during incubation with plasma extracts. The quantity remaining was considered PRL-releasing activity (PRA) of plasma, expressed as nanograms of rat PRL released per mg pituitary. The PRA in plasma from 13 patients with the amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome was 132 +/- 17 ng/mg pituitary (X +/- SE), which was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) than the PRA in plasma from eight matched controls [31 +/- 10 ng/mg pituitary (X +/- SE)]. The patients' individual PRL levels were elevated (range, 48-248 ng/ml), and when compared to the PRA in the samples, a highly significant (P less than 0.001) positive correlation evolved. These results indicate that a circulating PRL-releasing factor-like material present in normal plasma is higher in plasma from hyperprolactinemic patients in direct relationship to the PRL concentration. It is possible that this material is related to the pathogenesis of PRL-secreting pituitary disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Sodium lactate response and familial risk for panic disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The authors used the family study method to test the hypothesis that sodium lactate response defines two subtypes of panic disorder. METHOD: Rates of panic disorder in 142 first-degree relatives of patients who responded to sodium lactate, 88 first-degree relatives of patients who did not respond to sodium lactate, and 231 first-degree relatives of never mentally ill subjects were compared. RESULTS: No difference in familial transmission of panic disorder was found between the two patient groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings do not support the notion that panic disorder subtypes are associated with lactate sensitivity.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2002

Investigations on milk flow and milk yield from teats with milk flow disorders.

The objective of this study was to investigate peak milk flow, average milk flow, and milk yield in teats with milk flow disorders. A total of 100 hard milking teats were studied in 97 cows. Teats with milk flow disorders were examined endoscopically. Quarter milk flow and quarter milk yield were examined with four Lactocorders attached to a quarter milking machine. Peak milk flow, average milk flow, and milk yield were measured in all teats of the udder before treatment of the affected teat, as well as 1 and 6 mo later. Teats with milk flow disorders were compared to all other teats of the same udder. Before treatment, peak milk flow from affected teats was 20%, average milk flow 14%, and milk yield 53% of the control teats, adjusted for other significant explanatory variables. Milk flow and milk yield increased after surgical treatment of the affected teats. Six months after treatment peak milk flow was 79%, average milk flow 76%, milk yield was 71% compared with control teats. We conclude from these findings that teat endoscopy and measuring quarter milk flow and milk yield with Lactocorders are useful tools for examining teats with milk flow disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Cerebrovascular damage caused by platelet and leukocyte activation and treatment with neurotroponin].

Effects of neurotropin (a non-protein extract obtained from the exudate of rabbit skin tissue treated with vaccinovirus) on platelet and neutrophil aggregation were studied. In vitro neurotropin reduced platelet and neutrophic aggregability only at high concentration. However, in vivo anti-aggregating effect of neurotropin was more marked. Intravascular aggregation of platelets and leukocytes was induced in cats by selective injection of 4 beta-phorbol-12 beta-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) into carotid artery. It was found that activation of platelets and leukocytes by intracarotid PMA-injection led to a brain ischemia. Regional tissue analysis showed ipsilateral derangement of the cerebral energy state. The values of energy charge in the parietal cortex and caudateputamen of the PMA-injected hemisphere was significantly decreased. Simultaneously the increase of lactate level was observed. Pretreatment with neutropin prevented the development of cerebral energy failure. It is suggested that neutropin appears to be effective for treating cerebrovascular disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Detection, evaluation, and treatment of pituitary microadenomas in patients with galactorrhea and amenorrhea.

Over a period of two and a half years, 34 women with galactorrhea or amenorrhea, all with an abnormal sellar polytomogram, underwent transsphenoidal microsurgical exploration of the sella. Eighteen women and microadenomas (less than or equal to 1 cm. in diameter), seven had macroadenomas (greater than than 1 cm. in diameter), and five had unidentified lesions. Only one women had a normal pituitary gland. Three women had cryosurgery without biopsy. Preoperatively, hyperprolactinemia occurred in 24 of 25 women with adenomas and two of five with nonadenomatous lesions. There were no operative deaths. Significant morbidity occurred in only three patients, none of whom had microadenomas. Postoperatively, menses resumed in 16 of the 17 women with microadenomas and in two of the seven with macroadenomas who presented with amenorrhea. Galactorrhea disappeared in 15 of the 17 women with microadenomas and in four of the seven with macroadenomas who presented with galactorrhea. In five patients with unidentified lesions, a return of menses occurred in two of four with previous amenorrhea, and galactorrhea abated in two of three who presented with lactation. We conclude that sellar polytomography in women with hyperprolactinemia is a useful technique technique for the diagnosis of pituitary adenomas, a lesion which may occur more frequently than previously realized. In addition, transsphenoidal microresection of microadenomas is safe and effective.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2005

Teat endoscopy (theloscopy) for diagnosis and therapy of milk flow disorders in dairy cows.

Teat endoscopy (theloscopy) is a useful technique for diagnosis and therapy of covered teat injuries. Minimal invasive theloscopic surgery may help to restore milk flow, milk yield, and SCC of the affected quarter. Infection with pathogens may not change significantly, however. Cows treated as described may yield as much milk as their herdmates at a slightly increased udder SCC and stay as long in the herd as their herdmates. Theloscopy also may be used for diagnosis and therapy of various other teat disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Models of infantile undernutrition in rats: effects on milk.

Although there are at least six commonly used methods for producing malnutrition in suckling rat pups, no attempt has been made to determine the quality of the nutrients available to the pups in each of these methods. In the present study, milk composition was determined for each of these methods and related to maternal nutritional status. These methods were: 1) large litters were fostered on the dams; 2) the dams were fed low protein diets; 3) the dams were fed a reduced amount of good quality diet; 4) and 5) the pups were removed from the dams and kept 4) with a non-lactating female or 5) in an incubator for half of the day; and 6) some of each dams' teats were destroyed. Maternal nutritional status was affected only in the cases where the dams' diet was deficient (methods 2 and 3), producing weight loss and lowered hematocrits in both cases and lowered serum protein when the low protein diet was fed. The low protein diet condition resulted in a lower nitrogen content and an elevated total fat content of the mild. It was concluded that previous consideration of all of the above methods as equivalent in terms of the quality of the milk produced is not justified.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1975

[Behavior of lactate and pyruvate as well as lactate/pyruvate quotient in blood in human thyroid gland disorders].

The pyruvate and lactate levels in blood of patients with thyroid diseases were investigated and also the lactate/pyruvate ratio. The levels of pyruvate were significantly elevated in hyperthyreotic patients in comparison with the euthyreotic control group; in hypothyreotic patients the levels were lowered. Only in hypothyreotic patients the lactate level was slightly increased. In all the three groups the lactate/pyruvate ratio showed highly significant differences, in hyperthyreosis decreased, in hypothyreosis increased in comparison with normal subjects. In patients suffering from hyperthyreosis as well as in cases with euthyreotic goitre we found similar pyruvate levels and lactate/pyruvate ratios as in the hyperthyreotic cases. It seems likely to be an inexpected effect of the treatment with pure triiodothyronine or triiodothyronine/thyroxine in combination.

Adolescent↗