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PubMed1994

Undergraduate health care informatics education: a needs analysis and proposed curriculum.

This paper describes a needs analysis and resulting curriculum in Health Care Informatics. It is implemented as a track for the BS degree within the Department of Information Systems at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. The track in Health Care Informatics is an interdisciplinary specialty within the broader field of Information Systems which is itself an interdisciplinary field. The needs analysis shows current thinking by practitioners and educators in the new field of Health Care Informatics. It also presents a survey of undergraduate students to monitor interest in and knowledge of this field. A curriculum design is presented that addresses these needs.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1994

Graduate program in medical informatics at the University of Utah.

The graduate student program in medical informatics at the University of Utah described in this paper comprises a Master of Science degree (since 1976) and a Ph.D. degree (since 1962). The average program length is 2 years for M.Sc. and 3-5 years for Ph.D. The aims of the program are to prepare graduates for careers in medical informatics in academic, hospital or industrial settings. There are several different courses of study, or tracks, within the department ranging from Expert Systems, Genetic Epidemiology, Health Care Quality, Hospital Information Systems, Medical Imaging, Medical Physics, to an intensive one-year M.Sc. degree course for physicians. After the first three quarters the students are required to take a qualifying examination in which they qualify for a Masters or Ph.D. degree. The program covers the total spectrum of medical informatics. About 10 students are admitted each year. There are 14 full-time faculty and 9 adjunct faculty. The total number of graduates is 151.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1994

Can health/medical informatics be regarded as a separate discipline?

The participants of the panel on education and training in Medical Informatics, concurred that health/medical informatics is today thriving as a separate discipline, despite inevitable uncertainties regarding the future. Conferees discussed the distinctions between physician-built systems and those designed by medical informaticians, focusing on methodology as critical to medical informatics.

Medical Informatics↗
PubMed1994

An international health/medical informatics programs database.

The University of Maryland at Baltimore has established a database of health/medical informatics programs worldwide. Since 1991, IMIA's Working Group on Education and Training in Medical Informatics has provided guidance on critical issues of policy and purpose. At the Heidelberg/Heilbronn Working Conference in 1992 on Health/Medical Informatics education, representatives to WG1 and participants made suggestions regarding database intent, structure, and attributes.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1993

Supporting patient centered computing through an undergraduate nursing informatics curriculum stage III.

The patient has been one of the focal points of the process followed to design, implement, and evaluate an integrated informatics curriculum in a baccalaureate nursing program. This paper describes the third stage of a process to design the informatics nursing courses. A challenge is to structure the nursing informatics curriculum so as to enhance the patient care process. A number of strategies were used to focus the curriculum, students, and faculty around the patient. The basic components of the framework are information, technology, and clinical care process. The clinical care process which emphasizes the patient is an inherent part of the conceptual framework in all aspects of the curriculum. Therefore the faculty has ensured a blend of information, technology, and the clinical care process throughout the curriculum.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed1995

Medical informatics academia and industry: a symbiotic relationship that may assure survival of both through health care reform.

There are often clear lines drawn identifying the demilitarized zone between medical informatics academics and industry. Academics were "pure" intellectuals sequestered in ivory towers that effectively shielded them from the realities of the world. Industry has historically focused on creating effective products that produce financial return to the corporation. Both the paradigms of academia and industry are quickly becoming dinosaurs in the era of health care reform where both medical informatics academia and industry are under increasing pressure to develop and prove that medical informatics has a positive impact on health care both in terms of the quality of care as well as cost. Unfortunately, neither academia or industry alone are going to be able to successfully complete this task. The purpose of this paper is to describe such a collaborative effort that has produced a computerized decision support system for the management of mechanical ventilation in patients with the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that is now installed and supported on three different commercial CIS platforms. This collaborative effort has allowed us to successfully mount a large multi-center clinical trial designed to determine efficacy.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1995

Recognizing nursing informatics.

In our climate of economic uncertainty, readily accessible and reliable information is essential for cost effective decision making and forward planning in an efficient and effective manner. Information systems are widely used in the business industries to achieve the above. The state hospitals in South Africa have also realized the need for functional information systems. Where does this leave the division of nursing? This division usually comprises at least one third of the hospital establishment with very specific and often complex needs. The nurse managers at all levels have to plan, predict, forecast, monitor, and control in a similar manner to the business industries. What makes their decisions more critical is that they are dealing with human lives. A nursing informatics section with specially trained nurses will have to become an integral part of nursing, to enable nursing to keep abreast of the increasing demand for accurate and timely information for effective decision making. This paper will evaluate the importance of recognizing the need for an informatics section to evolve within the division of nursing, rather than within the general department of medical informatics.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1996

The questions of medical informatics.

Each science is identified with the questions it raises with respect to its object of study. This paper discussed the formulation of the basic questions of medical informatics. From a historical point of view, it first dealt with the problems of medical computing. Thereby, three classical questions arose: How can existing computers and information technologies assist in medical activities? Which components of the mathematical apparatus of informatics can be used for solving medical problems, and how and what activities of a physician are subject to algoritmization? The present time raises a new circle of questions centered around the basic one: How is the information system of the human organism structured and how does it function? This question and others form the basis of a new trend in medical informatics.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1997

Informatics nurse specialist: roles in health care organizations.

The cost of managing and processing health care information is a significant component of hospital operating budgets, yet health care lags far behind other industries in the effective use of information technology. As nurses are the largest group of users of health care information, improving nurses' information management capability could have a significant impact. Informatics nurse specialists understand the concepts and technology of nursing information management and can provide operational and strategic benefits to nursing organizations. In this article, educational preparation, certification, and roles of informatics nurse specialists are discussed along with functions of health care information technology and nursing informatics.

Certification↗
PubMed1997

The IMIA WG1 database on health and medical informatics programs and courses: a call for participation.

Working Group 1 on health and medical informatics education of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) has established a WWW site (http:/(/)ix.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/-d16) to provide up-to-date information about its work. The core of the site is an underlying database providing information on health and medical informatics (HMI) programs and courses worldwide. To be able to have a database of high quality and value we encourage all teachers and institutions to submit information about courses and programs on HMI education offered and to set pointers to their own WWW sites. In addition, a mailing list was installed to facilitate communication between all persons interested in HMI education. For subscription a message has to be sent to "listserv@listserv.net". The body of the message should read "SUBSCRIBE IMIA-WG1". Messages to the IMIA WG1 list have to be sent to "imia-wg1@urzinfo.urz.uni-heidelberg.de".

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1997

A human-centered approach to medical informatics for medical students, residents, and practicing clinicians.

The authors have developed a curriculum in medical informatics that focuses on practical problems in clinical medicine, rather than on the details of informatics technologies. Their development of this human-centered curriculum was guided by the identification of six key clinical challenges that must be addressed by practitioners in the near future and by an examination of the failures of past informatics efforts to make a significant difference in the everyday practice of clinical medicine. Principles of human factors engineering--the body of knowledge about those human abilities, limitations, and characteristics that are relevant to design--are an essential part of this curriculum. Human factors engineering also provides the necessary perspective, as well as the concrete knowledge and methods, that can enable practitioners to properly evaluate their clinical information needs, weight the merits of proposed technology-based solutions, and understand their own inherent performance limitations.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1998

Informatics in the service of health, a look to the future.

The paper attempts a balanced look at the directions of health informatics required in the future. In a high level review of impediments to health and health care a number of issues are identified that may be amenable to improvement by contributions from health informatics. Attention is drawn to the improvement of the collection and dissemination of knowledge in addition to the analysis of morbid conditions as a focus for health informatics. On this basis a review of the current state of health information systems is undertaken. The importance of adaptable user interfaces for end users and systems personnel, privacy and confidentiality protection, and linkage among clinical support systems and knowledge repositories is stressed. These improvements hinge on advancements in medical concept representation. Canadian contributions to these developments, particularly the instigation of Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) are briefly reviewed.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing Informatics in Brazil. A Brazilian experience.

Nursing Informatics in Brazil began around 1985. In 1990, the Nursing Informatics Group at the Federal University of São Paulo (NIEn/UNIFESP) was created. The first task was to prepare students and professors to use computers. Since its creation, members of NIEn/UNIFESP have been working in clinical practice, administration, education, and research areas of Nursing Informatics. Initially, the discipline was introduced in the Doctoral and Master programs. Subsequently, all specialization degrees and undergraduate programs were provided with the discipline as well. In the research area, the author explores the use of computers as a tool to support nursing research as well as the implications of computer resources in nursing practice, administration, and teaching. However, the use of the computer as an instrument to support nurses' activities in taking care of patients still needs investment. The majority of hospital information systems do not attend to the nature of nursing practice.

Brazil↗
PubMed1998

A vertical curriculum to teach the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of medical informatics.

It is becoming increasingly apparent that medical schools must begin teaching the knowledge, skills and attitudes of information literacy and applied medical informatics as core competencies in undergraduate medical education. The University of Vermont College of Medicine recognized that these core competencies were lacking in its curriculum, and in 1992 it implemented a four year, integrated program to give students the information habits essential to twenty-first century practice. The first graduates of the program are now in residencies and feedback has enabled the College to refine the program to better meet the informatics education needs of the next generation of physicians. The result of these efforts is the Vertical Curriculum in Information Literacy and Applied Medical Informatics; its process of development, the product of the process, and its outcomes are discussed.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed1998

Public health informatics: a CDC course for public health program managers.

Information science and technology are critical to the modern practice of public health. Yet today's public health professionals generally have no formal training in public health informatics--the application of information science and technology to public health practice and research. Responding to this need, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently developed, tested, and delivered a new training course in public health informatics. The course was designed for experienced public health program managers and included sessions on general informatics principles and concepts; key information systems issues and information technologies; and management issues as they relate to information technology projects. This course has been enthusiastically received both at the state and federal levels. We plan to develop an abbreviated version for health officers, administrators, and other public health executives.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1988

Integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS). Part III. Implementation of integrated information services. Medical informatics education.

Medical informatics is still in its early stages of evolution and definition. If informatics is to obtain the status of a specialized field of study within the health science curriculum, its ambiguity must be eliminated. This article discusses the term "medical informatics" and the impact of the new field of study on curriculum, education, and training of health care professionals, and health care information systems research and development.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2005

The role of informatics in glycobiology research with special emphasis on automatic interpretation of MS spectra.

This paper reviews the current status of bioinformatics applications and databases in glycobiology, which are based on bioinformatics approaches as well as informatics for glycobiology where an explicit encoding of glycan structures is required. The availability of the complete sequence of the human genome has accelerated the systematic identification of so far unidentified glycogenes considerably in many areas of glycobiology using well-established bioinfomatics tools. Although there has been an immense development of new glyco-related data collections as well as informatics tools and several efforts have been started to cross-link and reference the various data deposited in distributed databases, informatics for glycobiology and glycomics is still poorly developed compared to the genomics and proteomics area. The development of algorithms for the automatic interpretation of MS spectra - currently, a severe bottleneck, which hampers the rapid and reliable interpretation of MS data in high-throughput glycomics projects - is reviewed. A comprehensive list of web resources is given. Several lines of progression are discussed. There is an urgent need for the development of decentralised input facilities of experimentally determined glycan structures. Simultaneously, agreements of standards for the structural description of glycans as well as formats for the related data have to be established. The integration of glycomics with genomics/proteomics has to increase.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed1999

Enhancing perioperative nursing effectiveness through informatics.

The science of nursing informatics is becoming increasingly important to delivering quality nursing care to all patient populations. Perioperative nursing informatics skills are practiced within the context of powerful and complex information systems that enhance nurses' ability to view and report clinical data in a manner that has never before been possible. This article explores how the analysis of several examples of two typical system indicators (i.e., the unplanned returns to surgery rate within the same admission event, surgical site infection rate) can result in improved patient outcomes. Nursing informatics is an invaluable tool for identifying trends and communicating them to perioperative nurses in a way that can positively influence the delivery of perioperative care and patient outcomes.

Database Management Systems↗