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Results for “IOTHALAMIC ACID”

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PubMedDate not supplied

Radio-opaque liposomes for the improved visualisation of focal liver disease by computerized tomography.

Liposomes laden with radio-opaque agents (ROA) were prepared by the reverse phase evaporation method. The liposome solutions--containing 1.7-2.5 mg iodine per mg lipid--were injected into Wistar rats. 60 min post injection the rats were scanned in a Siemens CT scanner. Following the injection of 260 mg encapsulated iodine per kg bodyweight--less than half the iodine of the normal ROA bolus injection--there was a long lasting arise in liver enhancement of 40 Hounsfield units (HU). In animals with liver tumours induced by nitrosamine lesions of 2-3 mm in diameter could be detected.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Detecting specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes against SARS-coronavirus with DimerX HLA-A2:Ig fusion protein.

To assess specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus, a modified DimerX flow cytometry assay was performed with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from HLA-A2+ SARS-recovered donors at different time points post disease. CD8+DimerX-S1203+ CTLs were detected in the PBMC from these donors up to 3 months after recovery. The percentages of CD8+DimerX-S1203+ cells paralleled the numbers of interferon-gamma-positive spots in an ELISPOT assay using the same antigenic peptide. In conclusion, DimerX-based flow cytometry staining may prove to be a real-time method to screen for CTL directed at epitopes from a newly identified virus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The value of contrast-enhanced helical CT scan with rectal contrast enema in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the accuracy of single slice helical CT scan with intravenous, and rectal contrast (CTRC) in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) in patients with suspected AA, with particular analysis of the diagnostic signs. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Abdomino-pelvic helical CTRC was performed on 75 consecutive patients with suspicion of AA. Radiologic diagnosis was compared with surgical/pathologic results and clinical follow-up. In addition, the CTRC examinations were retrospectively reviewed independently by two experienced radiologists using predefined diagnostic criteria. The sensitivity, specificity, and frequency of each diagnostic sign were calculated. The interobserver agreement and the statistical significance of the frequency for each diagnostic criterion were assessed using the Kappa and Fisher tests, respectively. RESULTS: The accuracy of helical CTRC in the diagnosis of AA was 94.7%, sensitivity 100%, specificity 90%, PPV 89.7%, and the NPV 100%. Wall enhancement and nonopacification of the appendix recorded the highest sensitivity and specificity (97% and 100%, 94% and 95%, respectively). Appendiceal thickness greater than 6 mm was present in 100% of true-positive cases. However, 26.5% of true-negative cases had also an appendiceal diameter exceeding 6 mm, a value used as a cut-off for normal appendiceal diameter. The highest interobserver agreement was recorded for appendiceal wall enhancement and for nonopacification of the appendix (K=0.97 and 0.88, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CTRC is an accurate and relatively fast technique for investigation of patients with suspected AA. A negative CTRC can exclude completely the diagnosis of AA. Nonopacification of the appendix and appendiceal wall enhancement are highly sensitive, specific, and reproducible, signs representing major criteria for the diagnosis of AA.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Iodinated contrast induced renal vasoconstriction is due in part to the downregulation of renal cortical and medullary nitric oxide synthesis.

OBJECTIVES: The loss of renal function continues to be a frequent complication of the iodinated contrast agents used to perform diagnostic angiography and endovascular procedures. This study examined the hypothesis that contrast-induced renal injury is partly due to a decrease in cortical and medullary microvascular blood flow after the downregulation of endogenous renal cortical and medullary nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. METHODS: Anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats (300 g) had microdialysis probes or laser Doppler fibers inserted into the renal cortex to a depth of 2 mm and into the renal medulla to a depth of 4 mm. Laser Doppler blood flow was continuously monitored, and the microdialysis probes were connected to a syringe pump and perfused in vivo at 3 muL/min with lactated Ringer's solution. Dialysate fluid was collected at time zero (basal) and 60 minutes after infusion of either saline or Conray 400 (6 mL/kg). Both groups were treated with saline carrier, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 30 mg/kg), L-arginine (400 mg/kg), or superoxide dismutase (10,000 U/kg), an oxygen-derived free radical scavenger. Dialysate was analyzed for total NO and eicosanoid synthesis. The renal cortex and medulla were analyzed for inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), prostacyclin synthase, and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) synthase content by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Conray caused a marked decrease in cortical and medullary blood flow with a concomitant decrease in endogenous cortical NO, PGE(2), and medullary NO synthesis. The addition of L-NAME to the Conray further decreased cortical and medullary blood flow and NO synthesis, which were restored toward control by L-arginine. Neither L-NAME nor L-arginine (added to the Conray) altered cortical or medullary eicosanoids release. Medullary PGE(2) synthesis decreased when superoxide dismutase was added to the Conray treatment, suggesting that oxygen-derived free radicals had a protective role in maintaining endogenous medullary PGE(2) synthesis after Conray treatment. Conray did not significantly alter iNOS, COX-2, prostacyclin synthase, or PGE(2) synthase content. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the downregulation of renal cortical and medullary NO synthesis contributes to the contrast-induced loss of renal cortical and medullary microvascular blood flow. Preservation of normal levels of renal cortical and medullary NO synthesis may help prevent or lessen contrast-induced renal vasoconstriction and lessen contrast-induced renal injury found after diagnostic and therapeutic endovascular procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of angiocardiographic contrast media on the pulmonary circulation in pigs.

In 12 open-chest pigs, mean weight 18 kg, simultaneous beat-to-beat measurements of pressure in the right and left atria and right and left ventricles, and of pressure and flow in the pulmonary artery, were performed before, during and after the injection of 0.8 ml/kg with 10 to 15 ml/s of diatrizoate, ioxaglate and iopamidol as well as mannitol, normal saline solution and own blood into the right atrium, right ventricle and pulmonary artery. Within 5 beats after injection, all determined hemodynamic values reached their maxima of change independent of site of injection and kind of injectate. After 10 to 20 beats, pulmonary resistance diminished, and the reduction was more pronounced and longer lasting the higher the osmolality of the injectate. Hemodynamic changes during the first beats were a result of the rapidly injected volume; longer lasting hemodynamic changes were associated with an osmolality-dependent decrease in pulmonary resistance.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1991

Plasma osmolality, iodine concentration and urographic images following high and low osmolar contrast media.

Three contrast media (sodium iothalamate, iopamidol and sodium/methylglucamine ioxaglate) in a dose of 240 mg iodine per kilogram of body weight were compared in clinical urography. The ionic monomer sodium iothalamate was the only medium to significantly elevate the plasma osmolality though it returned to normal values within 4 min. All three media exhibited first order linear kinetics. When corrected for the effects of diuresis, sodium iothalamate was shown to give the highest urinary iodine concentrations. On visual scoring sodium iothalamate produced better nephrograms and overall urograms than either of the low osmolar agents.

Contrast Media↗