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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Correlative changes during early morphogenesis of the sacroiliac complex in squamate reptiles.

We tested the "limb bud" hypothesis, which explains morphogenetic mechanisms of the formation of the sacroiliac skeletal complex in tetrapods. The hypothesis assumes that: 1) the destruction of the embryonal sacral myomeres and the appearance in their place of a sacral gap filled in with mesenchymal cells favor the development of the sacroiliac complex; and 2) the destruction of myomeres takes place under the influence of limb buds. We studied serial hystological sections of embryos from squamate reptiles with large limb buds (sand lizard, Lacerta agilis L.), small and short-living limb buds (slow worm, Anguis fragilis L.) and without limb buds (adder, Vipera berus (L.)). In embryos of the sand lizard, the hypaxial part of the second sacral myomere degenerated, whereas that of the first one survived in its cranial part. Thus, a large sacral gap was formed where two sacral ribs expanded later. They stretched in a manner similar to the sacral gap across the longitudinal axis of the body, the large ilium lying opposite them. In embryos of the slow worm, the sacral gap was of reduced size and was significantly beveled caudally. The only sacral rib and the upper part of the ilium, which lie within the sacral gap, were beveled in the same manner. In embryos of the adder, myomere destruction was not observed, and sacral ribs and the pelvic girdle did not arise. The obtained results generally agree with the limb bud hypothesis; therefore, it can be said that tetrapods possess a simple and effective morphogenetic mechanism by which the hind limbs create their own support on the axial skeleton.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Radiation-induced bone sarcoma following total body irradiation: role of additional radiation on localized areas.

A 44-year-old patient who had had acute monoblastic leukemia developed an osteosarcoma of the pelvic bones 5 years after an allogeneic bone marrow transplant from his HLA-identical sister. He had additionally received superficial cutaneous radiation of the legs and pelvis, over the 3 weeks prior to total body irradiation (TBI), because of cutaneous leukemic lesions. The tumor was a fibrohistiocytomatous osteogenic sarcoma. The first lesion was in the right ilium, and a second lesion appeared 18 months later, symmetrically on the left ilium. Despite treatment, the patient died from metastases. At the time of diagnosis of radiation-induced sarcoma, the patient was free of leukemia and had several risk factors already reported to favor the development of solid tumors in stem cell recipients. These include acute leukemia, TBI and graft-versus-host disease. As he developed symmetrical lesions of the pelvic bone, and because of the histology of the radiation-induced tumor, we assumed that the additional radiation of the skin prior to TBI may have contributed to the pathogenesis of this malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Therefore, the risk/benefit ratio should be carefully considered in unusual indications. These patients should benefit from a close follow-up of the superimposed areas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Open reduction of sacral fractures using transarticular implants at the articular facets of L7-S1: 8 consecutive canine patients (1995-1999).

OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate facet stabilization as an aid for open reduction and fixation of sacral fractures. STUDY DESIGN: A clinical case series. STUDY POPULATION: Eight consecutive client-owned dogs with sacral fractures. METHODS: A combination of a standard lateral approach to the ilium and a dorsal approach to the articular facets of L7-S1 was performed. The articular facets were reduced and stabilized with a Kirschner wire or a combination of a Kirschner wire and a cortical screw. Primary stabilization of the sacrum was then accomplished using a cortical screw inserted from the lateral aspect of the ilium, through the sacral fracture into the body of the sacrum. Accuracy of reduction, position of the implants, percent screw depth/sacral width, pelvic canal diameter ratio, and complications were assessed using radiographs and physical examination. RESULTS: Mean sacral fracture reduction was 91% immediately after surgery, and was 87% when measured at follow-up examinations. Mean screw depth/sacral width was 66%. Mean pelvic canal diameter ratio was 1.12 postoperatively and 1.03 at the 4- to 6-week reevaluation. Six of the 8 dogs were using the leg well 10 to 12 days after surgery; none had clinically detectable neurologic deficits. The long-term (mean, 2.7 years) outcome for these dogs was good (normal to grade I lameness). CONCLUSION: Fixation of the L7-S1 facet joints facilitates repair of sacral fractures.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Don't throw away the ring: indications and use.

Protective rings are a valuable adjunct in revision acetabular surgery. Two types of rings are used. The roof ring, which is the smaller of the 2 rings, provides support from the ilium to the inferomedial part of the acetabulum. The reconstructive ring or cage provides support from the ilium to the ischium. Both devices can be used to protect morcellized or structural bone-graft. The roof ring can be used with morcellized graft if the ring can make contact with host-bone at the superior and inferomedial aspect of the acetabulum. If the defect is more global but still contained so that the entire acetabulum is filled with morcellized bone, the larger reconstructive ring should be used. Small structural grafts that support <50% of the cup may be protected by a roof ring. Larger structural grafts that support >50% of the cup should be protected by a reconstructive ring.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗
PubMed2005

Proximal focal femoral deficiency -- a rare entity in the sonographic differential diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip,.

In the present study, we will describe the differential diagnosis of the rare hip anomaly of proximal focal femoral deficiency (PFFD), based on an analysis of 12,488 ultrasound images of the hips of 6244 neonates, examined in our orthopaedic clinics between 1988 and 1998. The clinical manifestations and ultrasound features of PFFD will be characterised and compared with those of the normal, the mildly dysplastic, and the severely dysplastic hip. Two cases of PFFD (0.032 %) were detected during the investigation period. Both neonates had been referred to the orthopaedic clinic for further evaluation after the initial ultrasound findings suggested an anomaly in the coxal-femoral region. Correct identification of anatomical structures in the acetabular region (acetabular labrum and lower edge of the ilium) was not possible, but the iliac line, femoral head, and greater trochanter could be reliably visualised. Because of these findings, a deformity in the coxal-femoral region was suspected, and further diagnosis was recommended. PFFD was subsequently diagnosed, and specific treatment was initiated. PFFD should be suspected in any neonate with suspicious clinical findings and failure of ultrasound to clearly visualise anatomical landmarks in the region of the acetabulum (acetabular labrum, lower edge of the ilium, cartilage-bone interface) despite the use of a sufficient imaging technique. Radiographs should then be obtained to confirm or refute the tentative diagnosis. Infants with PFFD can then receive proper treatment without unnecessary therapeutic trial and error.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acetabular convexity--a specific addition to total endoprosthetic hip replacement].

Between 1. 1. 1977 and 30. 6. 1988, 1470 total hip prostheses were implanted at the 1st Orthopedic Clinic in Bad Abbach/Regensburg. In 101 cases (82 patients, average age 54.8 years) the acetabular convexity was built up at the same time. This is considered indicated if the acetabulum is too shallow and thus provides insufficient lateral or dorsolateral countersupport. The main area of indication is dysplasia-coxarthrosis and congenital dislocation of the hip, destructive coxitis in chronic polyarthritis or juvenile chronic arthritis, and loosened prostheses. The material used for building up the convexity is a block of corticocancellous bone, which is fixed ventrolaterally to dorsolaterally to the ilium by osteosynthesis. Autologous material was used in 88 cases and homologous material in 13. Sixty-one patients with a total of 77 built-up convexities were followed up. In 92.2% a bony bridge between the corticocancellous block and the rising branch of the ilium was fund. The method described is a valuable addition to replacements in case of extreme hip joint changes and replacement operations. In the authors' opinion it has considerable advantages over supporting shells and similar materials.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of bone height in osseous free flap mandible reconstruction: an indirect measure of bone mass.

Osseous free flaps have become the preferred method of mandibular reconstruction after oncologic surgical ablation. To elucidate the long-term effects of free flap mandibular reconstruction on bone mass, maintenance or reduction in bone height over time was used as an indirect measure of preservation or loss in bone mass. Factors potentially influencing bone mass preservation were evaluated; these included site of reconstruction (central, body, ramus), patient age, length of follow-up, adjuvant radiotherapy, and the delayed placement of osseointegrated dental implants. A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing osseous free flap mandible reconstruction for oncologic surgical defects between 1987 and 1995 was performed. Postoperative Panorex examinations were used to evaluate bone height and bony union after osteotomy. Fixation hardware was used as a reference to eliminate magnification as a possible source of error in measurement. There were 48 patients who qualified for this study by having at least 24 months of follow-up. There were 27 male and 21 female patients, with a mean age of 45 years (range, 5 to 75 years). Mandibular defects were anterior (24) and lateral (24). Osseous donor sites included the fibula (35), radius (6), scapula (4), and ilium (3). There were between zero and four segmental osteotomies per patient (excluding the ends of the graft). Nineteen percent of all patients had delayed placement of osseointegrated dental implants. Initial Panorex examinations were taken between 1 and 9 months postoperatively (mean, 2 months). Follow-up Panorex examinations were taken 24 to 104 months postoperatively (mean, 47 months). The bony union rate after osteotomy was 97 percent. Bone height measurements were compared by site and type of reconstruction. The mean loss in fibula height by site of reconstruction was 2 percent in central segments, 7 percent in body segments, and 5 percent in ramus segments. The mean loss in bone height after radial free flap mandible reconstruction was 33 percent in central segments and 37 percent in body segments; ramus segments did not lose height. The central and body segments reconstructed with scapular free flaps did not lose height, but one ramus segment lost 20 percent of height. There was no loss in bone height in mandibular body reconstruction with the ilium free flap. Fibula free flaps did not significantly lose bone height when evaluated with respect to age, follow-up, radiation therapy, or dental implant placement. The retention in bone height demonstrated in this study suggests that bone mass is preserved after osseous free flap mandible reconstruction. The greatest amount of bone loss was seen after multiply osteotomized radial free flaps were used for central mandibular reconstruction. The ability of the fibula free flap to maintain mass over time, coupled with its known advantages, further supports its use as the "work horse" donor site for mandible reconstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Reconstruction of the mandible with osseous free flaps: a 10-year experience with 150 consecutive patients.

Osseous free flaps have become the preferred method for reconstructing segmental mandibular defects. Of 457 head and neck free flaps, 150 osseous mandible reconstructions were performed over a 10-year period. This experience was retrospectively reviewed to establish an approach to osseous free flap mandible reconstruction. There were 94 male and 56 female patients (mean age, 50 years; range 3 to 79 years); 43 percent had hemimandibular defects, and the rest had central, lateral, or a combination defect. Donor sites included the fibula (90 percent), radius (4 percent), scapula (4 percent), and ilium (2 percent). Rigid fixation (up to five osteotomy sites) was used in 98 percent of patients. Aesthetic and functional results were evaluated a minimum of 6 months postoperatively. The free flap success rate was 100 percent, and bony union was achieved in 97 percent of the osteotomy sites. Osseointegrated dental implants were placed in 20 patients. A return to an unrestricted diet was achieved in 45 percent of patients; 45 percent returned to a soft diet, and 5 percent were on a liquid diet. Five percent of patients required enteral feeding to maintain weight. Speech was assessed as normal (36 percent), near normal (27 percent), intelligible (28 percent), or unintelligible (9 percent). Aesthetic outcome was judged as excellent (32 percent), good (27 percent), fair (27 percent), or poor (14 percent). This study demonstrates a very high success rate, with good-to-excellent functional and aesthetic results using osseous free flaps for primary mandible reconstruction. The fibula donor site should be the first choice for most cases, particularly those with anterior or large bony defects requiring multiple osteotomies. Use of alternative donor sites (i.e., radius and scapula) is best reserved for cases with large soft-tissue and minimal bone requirements. The ilium is recommended only when other options are unavailable. Thoughtful flap selection and design should supplant the need for multiple, simultaneous free flaps and vein grafting in most cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Measurement of bone defects adjacent to acetabular components of hip replacement.

Computed tomography can assist in the detection of periprosthetic osteolysis, but it has not been used to measure the actual volume of bone defects adjacent to hip replacement components because of the scanning artifact caused by metal. The aim of the current study was to develop a spiral computed tomography technique that provides precise and reliable volumetric measurement of bone defects adjacent to uncemented metal-backed acetabular components. Computed tomography scans were taken of small and large defects of known volume created in the ilium in a bovine hemipelvis and a pelvis from a cadaver. Scans were analyzed by two independent observers. The computed tomography operating conditions were determined that enabled volumetric measurements and that were accurate to within 96% for small and large defects and precise to greater than 98% for small and large defects. This computed tomography technique has the capability to measure accurately and precisely the volume of bone defects in the ilium adjacent to metal-backed acetabular components. This technique has clear advantages over plain radiographs. It will allow investigation of the natural history of osteolytic lesions, enhance preoperative planning, and improve monitoring of the outcomes of treatments of osteolysis.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2005

An incomplete periacetabular osteotomy for treatment of neuromuscular hip dysplasia.

Standard innominate osteotomies that are recommended for treatment of the typical form of developmental dysplasia of the hip are not recommended for dysplasia associated with neuromuscular disorders. A periacetabular osteotomy that permitted accurate correction of the posterolateral acetabular deficiency was done on 40 patients (50 hips). The purpose of this study was to present the surgical technique, to evaluate whether it can improve acetablular dysplasia, and to provide stable hips. The patients had a mean age of 9.5 years at the time of surgery. The medial cortex of the ilium was left intact, whereas the supraacetabular and retroacetabular cancellous bone, and posterolateral cortical bone were cut. The posterior cut extended down to the triradiate cartilage, or through its former site, respectively. Forty-one hips were evaluated at a mean followup of 5.3 years (range, 2-11.7 years) after surgery. The mean acetabular index improved from 32 degrees preoperatively to 12 degrees at followup. The mean migration percentage improved from 77% to 13%. A redislocation or unstable hip occurred in two patients. According to caregivers, surgery improved personal care, positioning, and comfort. This osteotomy decreases the radius of the elongated acetabulum, provides coverage by articular cartilage particularly at the posterolateral aspect of the acetabulum, and preserves the entire medial wall of the ilium.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2005

Curved periacetabular osteotomy for treatment of dysplastic hip.

UNLABELLED: The Bernese periacetabular osteotomy has a considerable rate of postoperative complications such as reflex sympathetic dystrophy, motor nerve palsy, heterotopic ossification, and delayed union of the ilium, which are assumed to be caused by extensive exposure or asphericity of the osteotomy surfaces. To address these issues, we developed the curved periacetabular osteotomy, a modification of the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy which limits dissection, prevents the outside of the ilium from being exposed, and produces osteotomy surfaces with the same curvature. Curved periacetabular osteotomies were done on 128 hips in 118 patients whose average age at the time of surgery was 35.2 years (range, 16-59 years). The average followup was 46 months (range, 24-99 months). The average center-edge angles were 4 degrees (range, -15 degrees -5 degrees ) preoperatively and 35 degrees (20 degrees -55 degrees ) postoperatively, and union of the iliac osteotomy was achieved in all hips. We experienced three asymptomatic pubic nonunions. Dysesthesias occurred in 27 patients along the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and symptoms resolved in 23 patients within 1 year. The average Harris hip score improved from 72 to 93 points. There were no major complications such as sciatic nerve palsy, abductor dysfunction, or heterotopic ossification. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series--no, or historical control group). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2005

A new modified technique of triple osteotomy of the innominate bone for acetabular dysplasia.

A new modified technique of triple osteotomy of the innominate bone has been devised and implemented for the treatment of residual acetabular dysplasia in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip. The procedure is done through a two-incision approach. The ischium, pubis, and iliac bones are osteotomized, with resection of a triangular wedge of bone from the outer cortex of the proximal part of the ilium. The resection of the triangular wedge of bone from the outer cortex alone creates a slot with the intact inner cortex serving as a stabilizing abutment where the distal posterior aspect of the ilium fits. This osteotomy allows for extensive coverage of the femoral head with greater stability. The stable construct of the osteotomy and pelvic fixation facilitates early weight bearing and obviates the need for hip spica cast immobilization. Since its conception the new triple osteotomy has been done in 11 children (13 hips). The preoperative vertical center edge angle of Weiberg was 8.9 degrees (range, 5 degrees -17 degrees ). The postoperative vertical center edge angle was a mean of 45.6 degrees (range, 31 degrees -58 degrees ). The last followup vertical center edge angle was a mean of 44.9 degrees (range, 29 degrees -58 degrees ). The mean preoperative acetabular angle of Sharp was 53 degrees (range, 48 degrees -61 degrees ). The postoperative acetabular angle was a mean of 25.4 degrees (range, 19 degrees -40 degrees ). The last followup acetabular angle was a mean of 28 degrees (range, 18 degrees -41 degrees ). All patients went on to have bony unions on their innominate bone. We describe the technique for the osteotomy and presents preliminary results of all patients who had the procedure.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2005

A comparison of skeletal chord-length distributions in the adult male.

In radiation protection, skeletal dose estimates are required for the tissues of the hematopoietically active bone marrow and the osteogenic cells of the trabecular and cortical endosteum. Similarly, skeletal radiation dose estimates are required in therapy nuclear medicine in order to develop dose-response functions for myelotoxicity where active bone marrow is generally the dose-limiting organ in cancer radioimmunotherapy. At the present time, skeletal dose models in both radiation protection and medical dosimetry are fundamentally reliant on a single set of chord-length distribution measurements performed at the University of Leeds in the late 1970's for a 44-y-old male subject. These distributions describe the relative frequency at which linear pathlengths are seen across both the marrow cavities and bone trabeculae in seven individual bone sites: vertebrae (cervical and lumbar), proximal femur (head and neck), ribs, cranium (parietal bone), and pelvis (iliac crest). In the present study, we present an alternative set of chord-length distribution data acquired within a total of 14 skeletal sites of a 66-y-old male subject. The University of Florida (UF) distributions are assembled via 3D image processing of microCT scans of physical sections of trabecular spongiosa at each skeletal site. In addition, a tri-linear interpolation Marching Cube algorithm is employed to smooth the digital surfaces of the bone trabeculae while chord-length measurements are performed. A review of mean chord lengths indicate that larger marrow cavities are noted on average in the UF individual for the cervical vertebrae (1,038 vs. 910 microm), lumbar vertebrae (1,479 vs. 1,233 microm), ilium (1,508 vs. 904 microm), and parietal bone (812 vs. 389 microm), while smaller marrow cavities are noted in the UF individual for the femoral head (1,043 microm vs. 1,157 microm), the femoral neck (1,454 microm vs. 1,655 microm), and the ribs (1,630 microm vs. 1,703 microm). The mean chord-lengths for the bone trabeculae show close agreement for both individuals in the ilium (approximately 240 microm) and cervical vertebrae (approximately 280 microm). Thicker trabeculae were seen on average in the UF individual for the femoral head (ratio of 1.50), femoral neck (ratio of 1.10), lumbar vertebrae (ratio of 1.29), and ribs (ratio of 1.14), while thinner trabeculae were seen on average in the UF individual for the parietal bone of the cranium (ratio of 0.92). In two bone sites, prominent discrepancies in chord distribution shape were noted between the Leeds 44-y-old male and the UF 66-y-old male: (1) the bone trabeculae in the ribs, and (2) the marrow cavities and bone trabeculae within the cranium.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Percutaneous osteoplasty as a treatment for painful malignant bone lesions of the pelvis and femur.

The purposes of this report are to describe percutaneous osteoplasty as a highly effective minimally invasive procedure to treat painful malignant bone lesions of the pelvis, ilium, and femur and to discuss the relevant literature. Five patients with histologically proven metastases to the pelvis, ilium, or femur were treated by percutaneous injection of liquid bone cement as an attempt to control severe bone pain. After percutaneous osteoplasty, all five patients experienced immediate and substantial pain relief and did not require pain medication for the duration of follow-up. No clinically significant complications occurred. Whereas percutaneous osteoplasty of the spine (vertebroplasty) is well-described and widely accepted to treat pain caused by benign or malignant vertebral body diseases, osteoplasty of bones outside the spine is less known. The immediate good clinical results observed in our small patient group should encourage more widespread application of this palliative treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Functional and mobility impairments associated with Paget's disease of bone.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if patients with Paget's disease of bone involving the tibia, femur, and/or acetabular portion of the ilium had more impairments in function and mobility than age- and sex-matched control subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case control study with Paget's disease patients selected from a center for bone disease at a tertiary medical center; control subjects were volunteers from the Duke University Aging Center subject registry. Demographic characteristics, physical examination and serum alkaline phosphatase levels were obtained. Radiographs of the pelvis and lower extremities were evaluated by a radiologist. All participants completed a Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ). Mobility measures included mobility skills protocol, 10-foot walk time, 360-degree turn left (number of steps), and 6-minute walk distance. RESULTS: The 12 Paget's disease patients were no different in age (70.7 +/- 6.2 years) than the 12 control subjects (69.5 +/- 6.2 years). Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated in Paget's patients (539 +/- 530 IU/L), and normal in control subjects (85 +/- 17 IU/L). In addition to Paget's disease, radiographs showed joint space loss in joints proximate to the diseased bone. On the FSQ scales Paget's disease patients had significantly lower scores in basic activities of daily living (P < .05), instrumental activities of daily living (P < .001), and social activity than control subjects (P < .05). There was no difference between the groups on scales measuring mental health and quality of social interaction. On mobility measurements, Paget's disease patients showed significant impairments when compared with control subjects: mobility skills protocol score (22.5 +/- 2.5 vs 25.6 +/- 0.7, P < .001); 10-foot walk (3.96 +/- 1.3 vs 2.55 +/- 0.5 seconds, P < .001); 360 degree turn left (8.0 +/- 1.0 vs 5.9 +/- 0.6 steps, P < .001); and 6-minute walk (342.0 +/- 108.5 vs 519.4 +/- 100 meters, P < .001). CONCLUSION: When compared with control subjects, patients who have Paget's disease of bone involving the tibia, femur, or acetabular portion of the ilium have clinically and statistically significant functional and mobility impairments compared to age- and gender-matched controls.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Disseminated liposarcoma in a dog.

A 9-year-old, female Mongrel dog was presented for posterior hindlimb weakness, inability to stand, and pain in the lumbosacral and pelvic regions. Radiography revealed a lytic lesion extending from L5 to L6 to the ilium. At necropsy, an 8 x 2 to 3.2 x 3 cm, irregular, white, firm mass was identified extending from the left dorsolateral aspect of the L6 vertebrae to the sacrum, crossing the sacroiliac joint to the ilium, and reaching the acetabulum without affecting the joint cartilage. Tumor masses were also present bilaterally near the costochondral junction of several ribs. White, soft nodules were present in the heart, pericardium, lungs, spleen, and kidneys as well. Histologically, osteolysis with disruption of the cortical bone and reactive bone with the presence of multinucleated osteoclasts was noted. Neoplastic cells consisted of variable, small basophilic round cells (SBRC) with very scant cytoplasm, larger polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, and vacuolated cells resembling adipocytes. Within the marrow cavity, vacuolated cells with necrosis predominated, whereas in periosteal areas, polygonal and vacuolated cells that were mixed with a lower percentage of SBRC were more common. In the lungs and heart, SBRC predominated, and in the spleen, polygonal cells were more numerous. Tumor cells stained positive for vimentin and S-100 and stained negative for CD99, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, cytokeratins, desmin, myoglobin, and actin. This tumor most likely arose from the marrow cavity of the L6 and later invaded through the vertebral body into adjacent vertebrae and various visceral sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A bone biopsy procedure for neonatal pigs.

Neonatal pigs were used to develop a surgical biopsy procedure to remove bone tissue from the ilium of small animals, with potential application for infants and small children. While the neonatal pig was under general anaesthesia, a scalpel was used to make a punch incision down to the ilium. Then a Craig Biopsy Trephine was used to remove a core sample of the bone. The samples ranged from 5 to 15 mm in length and 2 to 3 mm in diameter, with an average dry weight of 34.4 mg. The samples were adequate for mineral (calcium and zinc) analysis in our laboratory and may be equally suitable for histological or biochemical analyses. Surgical trauma was minimal, which permitted each pig to be biopsied every 7 days for 5 weeks without adverse consequences.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of bone graft materials. Part I. New bone formation with autografts and allografts determined by Strontium-85.

The purpose of this study was to obtain a direct comparison of the bone forming abilities of autogenous osseous coagulum, autogenous bone blend, freeze-dried bone allograft, and decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft. Defects were created in the calvaria of 35 guinea pigs. The graft materials were placed in porous nylon chambers and implanted into the defects. Empty nylon chambers served as the controls. Three days prior to sacrifice, each animal received an injection of 85Sr. The animals were killed in groups of five at 3, 7, 14, 21 28, 35, and 42 days. At sacrifice, a small section of ilium was removed from each animal. The samples were recovered, weighed, and the uptake of 85Sr into new bone determined. An osteogenic index was obtained by dividing cpm/mg for each sample by cpm/mg of ilium. It was concluded that in this model system decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft is a graft material of high osteogenic potential while autogenous bone blend and osseous coagulum were of less potential, and freeze-dried bone allograft even less.

Animals↗