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PubMed2004

Comparative evaluation of lyophilized freeze dried platelet derived preparation with calcium hydroxide as pulpotomy agents in primary molars.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of lyophilized freeze dried platelet derived preparation with calcium hydroxide as pulpotomy agents in primary molars. Fifty six primary molars in 28 children were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique. 28 teeth were treated by lyophilized freeze-dried platelet derived preparation and another 28 by calcium hydroxide. Clinical evaluation was carried out out at 1, 3, and 6-months interval and the radiographic evaluation was carried out at 1 and 6-months. The success rate of lyophilized freeze-dried platelet derived preparation proved better than calcium hydroxide.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro evaluation of pH changes induced by calcium hydroxide liners.

OBJECTIVES: Since the highly alkaline pH of calcium hydroxide is considered by many to be responsible for its biologic activity, the possible variations of pH induced by the different calcium hydroxide liners are accepted as a major concern. The aim of the present study was to determine the pH changes of five different calcium hydroxide liners and variations of pH levels at different time intervals. METHOD AND MATERIALS: The materials tested were Dycal, Life, Calic, Dycal VLC, and Calcident 450. Samples were prepared according to manufacturer instructions and by using plastic molds; five standard samples from each material were prepared. The samples were then placed in separate vials, containing 10 mL deionized water (pH 7.0), and stored at room temperature (200C). The pH measurements were taken 1 hour, 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days after mixing. The pH variations of each material at the given time intervals were recorded, and the means were calculated. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed significantly high differences between the mean pH values induced by each material at all time intervals. The highest value for the first-hour measurement was for Dycal VLC, and the highest values for the other time intervals were for Calcident 450. The pH values of the materials exhibited statistically significant differences among all the time intervals. CONCLUSION: All materials changed the pH of deionized water toward alkaline.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed2004

Effect of calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine based gutta-percha points on gingival fibroblasts and epithelial tumor cells.

AIMS AND METHODS: The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the possible effect of different endodontic calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine-based gutta-percha points, on two different human cell culture systems. Two different calcium hydroxide (Roeko, Langenau, Germany) and one chlorhexidine (Activ Point/Roeko, Langenau, Germany) gutta-percha points were tested with gingival fibroblasts and epithelial tumor cells over a period of six days (n = 12). Conventional gutta-percha points (VDW, Munich, Germany) and cells that were not exposed to any substances served as controls (n = 12). Study parameters included cell vitality, cell count, protein synthesis and cell proliferation. RESULTS: All tested materials induced cell growth specific alterations. Chlorhexidine-based gutta-percha points showed a significant lower protein synthesis with both, gingival fibroblasts (0.013 +/- 0.009 mg/ml) and epithelial tumor cells (0.07 +/- 0.039 mg/ml), when compared with the controls (p > 0.05). Protein synthesis increase of the epithelial tumor cells (0.581 +/- 0.013 mg/ml, control) was observed with the conventional gutta-percha points (0.688 +/- 0.078 mg/ml) and with both gutta-percha points containing different calcium hydroxide-based formulations (0.776 +/- 0.115 and 0.7 +/- 0.047 mg/ ml). CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this study, chlorhexidine containing gutta-percha points showed the highest effect on cell growth inhibition. No significant differences were observed between the tested material and the two different cell culture types.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Development of a visible light-curing calcium hydroxide cement].

A visible light-curing calcium hydroxide cement is presented here and the effects of its resin matrix on the Ca2+ releasing, compressive strength of set material and the pH value of water in which set materials immersed are evaluated. Experimental results show that the effects of the selected resin matrix on Ca2+ releasing, compressive strength and pH value are significant. The calcium hydroxide cement containing BEMA or EMA and HEMA as resin matrix has good properties. The pulp capping test showed that an excellent dentin bridge appeared in dogs capped teeth at 70 days. pulp, pulp capping, calcium hydroxide, visible light-curing, dental materials

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of apexification with mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] clinically and radiographically as materials used to induce root-end closure in necrotic permanent teeth with immature apices (apexification). METHODS: Fifteen children, each with at least 2 necrotic permanent teeth requiring root-end closure (apexification), were selected for this study. All selected teeth were evenly divided into 2 test groups. In group 1, the conventional calcium hydroxide apexification (control) was performed, whereas in group 2, the MTA apexification (experimental) was done. The children were recalled for clinical and radiographic evaluations after 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: The follow-up evaluations revealed failure due to persistent periradicular inflammation and tenderness to percussion detected at 6 and 12 months postoperative evaluation in only 2 teeth treated with Ca(OH)2. The remaining 13 teeth appeared to be clinically and radiographically successful 12 months postoperatively. None of the MTA-treated teeth showed any clinical or radiographic pathology. CONCLUSIONS: Mineral trioxide aggregate showed clinical and radiographic success as a material used to induce root-end closure and is a suitable replacement for calcium hydroxide for the apexification procedure.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Flare-ups incidence and severity after using calcium hydroxide as intracanal dressing.

Acute pain and swelling following endodontic treatment are a challenge for both the patient and the dentist. According to previous studies, the incidence of flare-ups increases after endodontic treatment of teeth with necrotic pulps. Calcium hydroxide is currently used as a multi-purpose drug in root canal therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of flare-ups after treatment of pulpless teeth using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal dressing. Sixty patients with single-root necrotic teeth participated in this study. These patients were randomly divided into three groups of 20. The patients were treated in Group A in a single-visit approach, in group B with a two-visit approach without any intracanal dressing and group C with a two-visit approach using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal dressing for one week. All of the patients were followed for 72 hours after each treatment session. The information about the incidence and severity of pain and swelling was recorded in tables, using a modified Visual Analogue Scale for pain severity measurement and a scale with four degrees for measuring the severity of swelling. The data were analyzed by chi-square test and GENMODE procedure.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1992

Evidence for interference with the intestinal absorption of levothyroxine sodium by aluminum hydroxide.

A patient with hypothyroidism who was euthyroid on a fixed-dosage, long-term maintenance regimen of levothyroxine sodium developed persistently elevated serum thyrotropin levels while receiving an aluminum hydroxide-containing antacid. The thyrotropin levels returned to normal shortly after cessation of the antacid therapy. These observations indicate that aluminum hydroxide may interfere with the bioavailability of thyroxine. The thyroid function of patients who are receiving replacement or suppressive thyroxine therapy should be monitored following the commencement of concurrent treatment with medications containing aluminum hydroxide.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of pH variation of various calcium hydroxide compounds in vitro.

Among the reasons for the use of calcium hydroxide products, there is their alkalinity. Variations in the alkalinity of six commonly used calcium hydroxide compounds were studied in vitro at different time intervals. All these compounds rendered the saline solution strongly alkaline. Dycal, Life, Nucap and Reocap, had a weaker effect as compared with Contrasil and to Pulpdent paste. Such differences in the pH values were accompanied by differences in calcium loss, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Differences in the alkaline pH values and calcium losses among these calcium hydroxide compounds may account for their different clinical effectiveness in vivo.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1990

Adverse effect of orally administered magnesium hydroxide on serum magnesium concentration and systemic acid-base balance in adult cattle.

Two cows, 1 with diarrhea and 1 with signs of forestomach outflow obstruction, were treated in part with repeated doses of a commercially available antacid/cathartic preparation containing magnesium hydroxide. Both cows subsequently were determined to have hypermagnesemia, along with severe metabolic alkalosis. In addition, each cow was comatose at the time of death. A clinical study was initiated to investigate the causal relationship between the ingestion of magnesium hydroxide and the generation of hypermagnesemia and metabolic alkalosis in adult cows. Twelve healthy mature cross bred beef cows were allotted at random to a fed or fasted (simulated anorexia) group, with 2 untreated and 4 treated cows in each group. A single dose of magnesium hydroxide (1.5 g/kg of body weight, suspended in 3.8 L of warm water) was administered per os to each treated cow, whereas each control cow was given only water. Individual determinations of selected venous blood gas values (plasma bicarbonate ion [HCO3-] concentration, and base excess [BE]), serum magnesium (Mg) concentration, and urine magnesium fractional clearance ratio (Mg-FCR) were made immediately before drug administration, and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 36 hours after treatment. Compared with control values at the conclusion of the study, mean serum Mg concentration, urine Mg-FCR, plasma HCO3- concentration, and BE were significantly higher (P = 0.0001, P = 0.0015, P = 0.028, and P = 0.021, respectively) in treated cows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1989

Aluminium hydroxide and cholestyramine in the treatment of acute diarrhea.

A randomized, double blind control study of the treatment of acute diarrhea with aluminium hydroxide and cholestyramine in comparison with a control group demonstrated the effectiveness of cholestyramine in shortening the hospital stay, and the diarrhea course was better than that of aluminium hydroxide. However, aluminium hydroxide was superior to intravenous fluid plus early feeding.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1987

[Adsorption of antigens K88 and K99 on aluminum hydroxide gel].

Studied was the effect of the pH value of the medium, of the concentration of the antigen and the adsorbent on the adsorption of K 88 and K 99 on aluminium hydroxide-gel. Use was made of strains O 45:K 88 and O 14:K 99. The optimal parameters of pH and the concentration of aluminium oxide as well as of aluminium hydroxide-gel as an adjuvant, substantiating the maximum adsorption capacity of the latter with regard to the two Escherichia coli antigens used. Established was the maximum amount of the antigens which could be adsorbed by as much as 1 cm3 of aluminium hydroxide-gel. According to the authors such amount could serve to indicate the way how to produce effective preparations to be deposited with the two-antigen adjuvant.

Adsorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The clinical and histological evaluation of cresatin with calcium hydroxide on the human dental pulp.

Metacresylacetate with calcium hydroxide in a methylcellulose base produces clinically and radiographically successful pulpotomies, when performed on sound primary teeth. Under sterile conditions, with proper surgical and restorative technique, pulp tissue will heal with metacresylacetate with calcium hydroxide-methylcellulose. The dental pulp will form on osteodentin bridge and the pulp adjoining the bridge will remain histologically viable and free of inflammation. Methylcellulose with sterile distilled water does not produce as favorable a histological reaction as metacresylacetate with calcium hydroxide-methylcellulose. No dentinal bridging was in evidence and there were present in the radicular pulp varying degrees of inflammation.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetics of muzolimine after oral administration with and without aluminium hydroxide in healthy volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics of muzolimine administered with and without aluminium hydroxide was investigated in volunteers (randomized non-blind cross-over study). Six healthy male volunteers aged 20 to 28 years with a mean body weight of 68 +/- 8 kg received 40 mg muzolimine after a standardized breakfast without and with 1760 mg aluminium hydroxide (Aludrox) administered 10 min before breakfast. Muzolimine concentrations were determined in plasma and urine between 0.5 and 48 h post dosing. The data were analysed using a two- or three-compartment open model. The pharmacokinetic parameters of muzolimine, e.g. absorption half-life, peak concentration, time to reach peak concentration, AUC and mean time, obtained with both treatment regimens, did not show any significant difference (analysis of variance). As a conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of muzolimine is not altered by the ingestion of aluminium hydroxide, which might be important for patients with advanced renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Lack of influence of aluminum hydroxide on the bioavailability and beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity of propranolol.

Plasma concentrations of propranolol and the changes of exercise induced heart rate were determined in 6 healthy subjects. An amount of 40 mg of propranolol was given alone or in combination with 30 ml of aluminum hydroxide gel. Neither the bioavailability nor the beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity of propranolol was significantly changed by concurrent administration of aluminum hydroxide gel. There is no need to increase the propranolol dose when aluminum hydroxide gel is administered concurrently.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Serum aluminium in haemodialysis patients: relation to osteodystrophy, encephalopathy and aluminium hydroxide consumption.

The serum aluminium concentration of 82 patients undergoing regular dialysis treatment in a large dialysis department was measured. Duration of known uraemia, total cumulative aluminium hydroxide consumption, present level of aluminium hydroxide consumption and chronic interstitial nephropathy as primary kidney pathology were all positively correlated to serum aluminium concentration. Serum aluminium concentration was positively correlated to the incidence of clinical osteodystrophy and negatively correlated to bone mineral content. There was, however, no correlation to parathyroid hormone concentration or parathyroidectomy. The highest serum aluminium concentration was accompanied by clinical dialysis encephalopathy. The centre uses reverse osmosis for water purification, and there has never been measurable aluminium contamination. On the basis of these findings it is concluded that: the source of aluminium in our patients is aluminium hydroxide consumption and not the dialysis water; aluminium plays no role in the development of osteitis fibrosa; the findings are consistent with the theory that hyperaluminaemia plays a role in the development of osteomalacia, and serum aluminium measurement may be useful in the diagnosis of dialysis encephalopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of two calcium hydroxide agents in direct pulp capping of primary teeth.

Twenty-two pairs of bilateral primary canines, indicated for extraction due to excessive crowding, were chosen to study pulpal response to direct pulp capping with two calcium hydroxide medicaments (Life and Dycal). Following mechanical exposure of the pulp and direct pulp capping with calcium hydroxide, the teeth were extracted after either seven or sixty-three days to determine both the immediate and long-term pulpal response to the medicaments. The results indicate no statistical difference between the two materials in terms of biological response. Favorable results as to degree of pulpal inflammation and matrix formation indicate direct pulp capping using calcium hydroxide in primary teeth with no pulpal inflammation may be a viable procedure.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of the effects of cholestyramine and aluminium hydroxide on the biliary bile acid excretion in rats. An experimental model for the depletion of bile acids in bile.

Bile flow and biliary excretion of dihydroxy- and trihydroxy-bile acids have been determined in control, cholestyramine (250--2000 mg/kg p.os)- and aluminium hydroxide (250--2000 mg/kg p.os)-pretreated rats. Cholestyramine proved to be a more potent bile acid depleting agent than aluminium hydroxide. The depressing effect of cholestyramine on bile flow was also more significant than that of aluminium hydroxide. Cholestyramine-pretreatment seemed to be a suitable experimental model for the depletion of bile acids in rat bile.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1994

Bioavailability of vitamin A in the rat following ingestion of neomycin sulfate or aluminium hydroxide.

The objective of the present paper was to study the interaction of Neomycin and aluminium hydroxide with vitamin A in terms of the effect of these drugs on the bioavailability of vitamin A in the rat. Bioavailability was determined on the basis of the effects of the drugs on growth and on the plasma and hepatic levels of the vitamin. Vitamin A deficient animals were used in assay 1 and normal animals in assay 2. In each assay the animals were divided into 3 groups: one received Neomycin sulfate (0.1% in the diet), the second received aluminium hydroxide (0.05% in the diet) and the third (control) received no drug. Each of these three groups was subdivided into two groups receiving two different concentrations of vitamin A palmitate. The bioavailability of vitamin A was estimated by the parallel line method from the concentration of vitamin A in the diet and in the liver of the animals. No significant differences in growth or plasma retinol levels were observed between the groups of animals studied in assays 1 and 2. Total vitamin A concentration in the liver of the animals which received Neomycin was lower (p < 0.05) than that observed in the controls. Neomycin reduced the bioavailability of vitamin A by 13.9% (maximum, 18.1% and minimum, 9.6%) in assay 1 and by 13.5% (maximum, 17.7% and minimum, 9.3%) in assay 2. Aluminium hydroxide at the level tested did not affect the bioavailability of vitamin A.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗