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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Analysis of captan on nitrile glove surfaces using a portable attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectrometer.

This study developed a method to produce uniform captan surface films on a disposable nitrile glove for quantitation with a portable attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometer. A permeation test was performed using aqueous captan formulation. Uniform captan surface films were produced using solvent casting with 2-propanol and a 25 mm filter holder connected to a vacuum manifold to control solvent evaporation. The coefficient of variation of the reflectance at 1735 +/- 5 cm(-1) was minimized by selection of the optimum solvent volume, airflow rate, and evaporation time. At room temperature, the lower to upper quantifiable limits were 0.31-20.7 microg/cm2 (r = 0.9967; p < or = 0.05) for the outer glove surface and 0.55-17.5 microg/cm2 (r = 0.9409; p < or = 0.05) for the inner surface. Relative humidity and temperature did not affect the uncoated gloves at the wavelength of captan analysis. Glove screening using ATR-FTIR was necessary as a control for between-glove variation. Captan permeation, after 8 hours exposure to an aqueous concentration of 217 mg/mL of Captan 50-WP, was detected at 0.8 +/- 0.3 microg/cm2 on the inner glove surface. ATR-FTIR can detect captan permeation and can determine the protectiveness of this glove in the field.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Permeability of 13 different gloves to 13 cytotoxic agents under controlled dynamic conditions.

PURPOSE: The permeability of 13 different gloves to 13 cytotoxic agents under controlled dynamic conditions is described. METHODS: Thirteen cytotoxic agents were prepared at the highest concentrations normally encountered by pharmacy personnel. Four glove types--neoprene, natural rubber latex, nitrile, and vinyl--were exposed to the cytotoxic agents for 15, 30, and 60 minutes. Tests were conducted using the middle finger of each glove. Linearity, reproducibility, and sensitivity were evaluated for each drug tested. Assays were run using liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet light (HPLC-UV). Permeability testing was conducted using an original system designed to evaluate dynamic constraints, such as rubbing, stretching, and tension. RESULTS: Linearity by LC/MS/MS and HPLC-UV was confirmed at concentrations up to 1000 ng/mL for all drugs. Most glove materials were permeable at rates below ASTM recommendations over the one-hour testing period. Vinyl was the most permeable material. Carmustine permeated the widest variety of materials. Due to the high sensitivity of the analytic methods, all materials displayed low but significant permeability for at least one drug after one hour. Higher resistance to permeation was recorded for all neoprene, some natural rubber latex, and one nitrile glove. CONCLUSION: Neoprene, natural rubber latex, and nitrile gloves displayed the highest resistance to permeation of the 13 cytotoxic agents studied. Additional factors, such as duration of exposure, glove thickness, and drug liposolubility and molecular weight, also affected permeability.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1991

Delayed contact hypersensitivity and surgical glove penetration with acrylic bone cements.

Skin hypersensitivity was investigated in guinea-pig maximization tests with extracts from pellets of conventional polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) bone cements (Palacos R, Simplex RO) and a new methylmethacrylate/n-decylmethacrylate/isobornylmethacrylate (MMA/DMA/IBMA) mixture (Boneloc), but none of the three cements produced evidence of delayed contact hypersensitivity. Testings of the pure monomer compounds showed MMA to be an extreme sensitizer, whereas DMA and IBMA were only mild sensitizers. Fingers from three brands of surgical rubber gloves and a polystyrene-butadiene glove were immersed in water and filled with conventional MMA monomer, MMA/DMA/IBMA monomer or bone cements in the dough state, allowing cure inside the glove. In the surrounding water, no DMA or IBMA could be detected. The MMA concentrations were lower with MMA/DMA/IBMA monomer and curing Boneloc cement. The most resistant to conventional PMMA cement was one of the rubber gloves, whereas the polystyrene-butadiene glove allowed the highest penetration, and even dissolved in MMA monomer. The potential occupational hazard of skin sensitization is reduced with MMA/DMA/IBMA bone cement, preferably in combination with rubber gloves; but also polystyrene-butadiene gloves provide adequate protection.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Patients' attitudes to wearing of gloves by dentists in Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patient's attitudes to the use of gloves by dentists. DESIGN: This consisted of a four-item questionnaire administered to 445 consecutive patients attending our dental clinic. SETTING: . Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Four hundred and forty five patients above the age of fifteen years attending the dental clinic for the first time. RESULTS: Majority of the patients were in the 20-30 year age group and over 93% had formal education. Most of the respondents (88.8%) stated that glove wearing was essential and over 63% considered that glove wearing protected both the operator and the patient. Whilst about one-third of respondents would attend for treatment when gloves were not worn, 81.3% felt that gloves should be changed after each patient. There were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in responses in relation to age-groups and educational attainment, however no sex differences (p>0.05) were reported. CONCLUSION: This survey showed a high level of awareness by patients on the use of gloves by dentists. It also found that age-groups and levels of educational attainment influenced patients attitude to glove use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Hazards of powder on surgical and examination gloves: a collective review.

This article reviews information on the hazards associated with dusting powders on latex surgical and examination gloves. Dusting powders were first applied to latex gloves to facilitate donning. After 1980, manufacturers devised innovative techniques to manufacture gloves without dusting powders. It has been well documented that the powders on gloves present a health hazard to patients, as well as to operating-room personnel. First, these powders elicit tissue toxicity in every tissue in the body. Second, these powders serve as carriers of latex allergen and may precipitate a life-threatening allergic reaction in sensitized patients. These well-documented hazards of glove powders have caused a growing number of hospitals in the world to abandon the use of examination and surgical gloves coated with powder, and instead to use only powder-free gloves.

Foreign-Body Reaction↗
PubMed2002

Cardiac surgical procedures and glove reinforcements.

The purpose of this prospective study is to determine the frequency and site of glove perforation during cardiac surgical procedures. Over a period of six months, gloves from 206 surgical team members were collected at the conclusion of surgery. All cases of known perforations were eliminated from the study. The percentage of glove perforation was 14%. The distribution of perforation across locations of the hand was significantly unequal (P = 0.001). We found that 73% of the punctures occurred in one of four contiguous locations on the glove: the radial side of the index finger (28%), the radial side of the thumb (21%), the palmar side of the index (14%), and the palmar side of the thumb (10%). Therefore, we recommend glove reinforcement on these locations that would provide better protection against transmission of infectious agents. Discomfort from restricted dexterity and impaired sense of touch with double gloving renders glove reinforcement a suitable alternative for universal precautions, especially in cardiac surgery while high level of perfection and dexterity were needed in lengthy, critical operations.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed2002

Get ready for ergo-centric gloves.

All occupational safety professionals are dedicated to reducing injuries. Gloves play an essential role in this pursuit. With the diverse selection of gloves on the market, there is no longer any excuse to perform a hazardous task without the correct hand protection. The keys to success are identifying a glove style that will protect and at the same time be comfortable enough to wear, ensuring an adequate supply of gloves and providing employee training so every worker will know what the correct glove is for each task. Manufacturers are doing their part to provide new and innovative solutions. By involving workers in the glove selection process, employers can take a huge step in increasing glove use and consequently, in reducing hand injuries. It's well worth the time.

Decision Making, Organizational↗
PubMed2002

Effect of latex glove contamination on bond strength.

PURPOSE: This study examined the effect of powdered and powder-free latex glove contamination on bond strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty caries-free human third molars were mounted in acrylic, sectioned with a diamond saw to expose a flat occlusal dentin surface, and finished with 400- and 600-grit silicon carbide paper. Teeth were assigned to one of 5 groups: 1) no latex glove contamination (control); 2) powdered latex glove contamination before etching; 3) powder-free latex glove contamination before etching; 4) powdered latex glove contamination after dentin bonding agent application but prior to resin composite placement; 5) powder-free latex glove contamination after dentin bonding agent application but prior to resin composite placement. Excite dentin bonding agent was used per manufacturer's instructions. Z-250 resin composite was applied in 2- x 2-mm increments using a split Teflon mold, each light cured for 20 s. Bonded samples were thermocycled 500 cycles between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C water baths. Specimens were stored in 37 degrees C distilled water. One-week shear bond strength values were determined using a Tinius Olsen testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: No significant difference (p = 0.47) in bond strength was found between the experimental groups and the control. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 5 exhibited predominantly mixed failures while the majority of samples in Group 4 showed adhesive failures. CONCLUSION: Under the conditions of this study, contamination of dentin by powdered or powder-free latex gloves did not significantly affect bond strength. Future research should be directed toward evaluating the effects of dentin contamination on bond strength of other bonding agents and include ultrastuctural examination in determining what role, if any, powder plays as a contaminant.

Composite Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Individual protective devices: gloves].

Gloves are an essential device to avoid cutaneous contact with aggressive agents. There is no "ideal glove"; therefore, it is necessary to select them on the basis of their effectiveness. Gloves can protect from different hazards: mechanical, chemical, biological, thermical and electrical. Specific protective gloves can be used for certain risk factors: i.e. welding operations, concussions and vibrations, food manipulation and health care. Protecting gloves are made of different materials, natural and synthetic, according to the risk they are projected for. Often the same glove can protect against multiple hazards. Finally, the choice of an "adequate" glove should be the result of a fruitful collaboration among employers, industrial hygienists and occupational physician.

Gloves, Protective↗
PubMed1992

Glove wearing in Northern Ireland and an assessment of the loss of tactile perception.

The increased awareness of the need for cross-infection control in dentistry has led to recommendations that operating gloves be worn routinely by dental surgeons. A survey conducted amongst general dental practitioners in Northern Ireland showed a drop in glove wearing from 100% in the newly qualified to 47% in those who had qualified between 15 to 35 years ago. A frequently stated reason for the non wearing of gloves in this group is the diminution of tactile sense. To test this, a blind tutor was engaged to read a random standard length Braille passage whilst wearing selected gloves and the reading time recorded and compared with ungloved reading. The wearing of gloves increased reading time and, by implication, the loss of tactile perception, by between 14% and 37%, depending on the glove used. The thickness and stiffness of the gloves were also determined and the results suggest a relationship between these quantities and the loss of tactile perception.

General Practice, Dental↗
PubMed2005

[Double gloving during orthopaedic procedures--possible discomfort or a right choice].

In the light of the increasing number of infections with hepatitis viruses and HIV, world wide as well as among the health care workers, the prevention of occupationally acquired infections in the operating room environment becomes crucial. Three plausible strategies do not require any knowledge of the exact mechanisms of exposure: vaccination, impenetrable protective barriers and post exposure prophylaxis (PEP). As HIV and HCV vaccine are not currently available, as some of the surgeons avoid the immunisation against hepatitis B as well as PEP in the context of HIV and HBV - appropriate barrier precautions (e.g. gloves, gowns and face shields) remain the last realistic alternative. According to multiple studies the authors present clear arguments for double gloving during surgical procedures. The perforation rates for single gloves or outer gloves are a few times higher than for double-inner gloves. It is concluded that double gloving is an essential element to prevent blood-borne infections at the operating room environment, especially during long-lasting, complex procedures combined with a large amount of blood loss. Possible reduce of sensitivity and manual dexterity may be improved by choosing more suitable combination of inner- and outer-glove size.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
PubMed2006

Glove perforation during oral surgical procedures.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of glove perforation among undergraduates and residents performing maxillofacial surgery and identify procedures associated with the perforations. STUDY DESIGN: For this purpose, 200 pairs of surgical gloves were used. For inspecting the perforations, the gloves were filled with water, at least 500 ml. RESULTS: Sixteen gloves (8%) were perforated, 8 (4%) by residents and 8 (4%) by undergraduate students. Only the residents noticed that 2 gloves (1%) were perforated and identified the object causing the perforation. The left hand was the more affected with 9 perforations (4.5%). The finger pulp was the region most affected with 12 perforations (6%). The perforated forefinger appeared in 8 gloves (4%), representing the highest incidence of perforations. CONCLUSION: We concluded there was no difference in surgical glove perforation between undergraduate students and residents, the incidence of perforations was greater in the left hand (nondominant hand) and the fingers in which most perforations occurred were the forefinger and the thumb.

Finger Injuries↗
PubMed1991

Do surgical gloves protect staff during electrosurgical procedures?

Fifteen pair of commercially available gloves were tested under conditions that occur during radio frequency electrosurgery to determine their potential to cause burns or shocks. Two pair of gloves showed a hydration effect that produced sufficiently low direct current resistance, 1500 and 5000 ohms, to be a potential shock or burn hazard. All intact gloves passed in excess of 0.75 A of radio frequency current by capacitive coupling. Eleven pair of gloves displayed dielectric breakdown of the latex or neoprene at voltages between 2200 and 2600 volts; the remaining gloves ranged from 5800 to 7000 volts. Under specific conditions all gloves tested have the potential to cause burns or shocks to the surgeon during electrosurgical procedures. To avoid burns, shocks, or glove perforation, surgeons should be aware of situations that put them at high risk.

Burns↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hazards of gloves in dentistry.

Concerns about AIDS, hepatitis and infection control have increased the use of gloves in medical and dental practice. Though generally assumed to be protective, gloves pose many hazards to the practitioner and patient. This is especially significant in dentistry where a large assortment of materials and manipulative techniques are used as part of treatment. Gloves, with relatively large porosities, are poor barriers to viruses. They can promote bacterial growth, skin lesions, toxic and allergic reactions in patient and staff. Gloves are costly, time consuming to use, reduce sensitivity and dexterity. Gloves do not protect the wearer from penetrating injuries, the leading source of HIV and HBV infections in health care workers. The use of gloves is helpful only in those cases where their advantages outweigh liabilities. Governmental regulations, requiring universal glove-wear compliance, may not be in the best public or professional interest.

Dental Care↗
PubMed1989

[Defect rate of disposable gloves after longer treatment duration].

Following 472 dental treatments the disposable gloves worn by dental assistant staff were examined for perforations. 73% of polyvinyl chloride glove pairs had at least one defect. Therefore these gloves hardly meet the requirements of the regulations for the prevention of accidents in relation to the tightness of gloves to liquids. 24% of the latex glove pairs lacked tightness. These values correlate with those found for dentist's gloves. For both types of materials the incidence of defects increases significantly with treatment duration. Since visual checks only detected one third of the perforations, longer term use of disposable gloves for several treatments can not be recommended.

Dental Assistants↗
PubMed1989

Surgical glove failure rate.

Surgical gloves were collected after day-time operations for a 4-week period. Glove punctures were located by inflating each glove with compressed air and immersing the inflated glove in water. During the period of the study 681 surgical operations were performed. A total of 3790 gloves was collected, 334 gloves (8.8%) had perforations at the end of the surgical procedure. Defects occurred in one or more gloves in 32.0% of all operations.

Equipment Failure↗
PubMed1981

Efficacy of double-gloving as a barrier to microbial contamination during total joint arthroplasty.

UNLABELLED: After ten total hip replacements in which a double-glove technique was used, 275 outer and inner gloves were tested for microbial contamination and for holes. The operating rooms were equipped with specially designed air-filtration mechanisms. The results indicated that the gloves that most frequently were contaminated were the ones used exclusively for draping. This finding suggests that using a separate pair of outer gloves only for draping is a valuable technique during total hip replacement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although the practice of using double gloves during a total joint-replacement procedure is accepted widely, there is little evidence that double-gloving actually decreases microbial contamination. The results of this study indicate that changing outer gloves at appropriate times during the procedure is indeed an important way to minimize contamination.

Antisepsis↗
PubMed1994

Just a glove?

Surgical gloves were introduced in the early years of this century, initially to protect nurses' and surgeons' hands from the strong antiseptic chemicals used during surgery. William Stewart Halstead is generally credited with introducing gloves to protect his scrub nurse (who later became his wife) from the carbolic acid in which the instruments were immersed. They soon became an essential requirement for asepsis and today, along with procedure gloves, are seen to protect both staff and patients from blood borne infections such as Hepatitis B and HIV. But, how many of us question the dangers posed to patients and staff through gloves? Most of us have read about the dangers of starch, but gloves may pose other significant risks to all who come into contact with them. 'With an ever increasing number of workers who don gloves as a means of personal protection, increased incidents of dermatitis, anaphylactic reactions, and respiratory problems from airborne antigens from glove powders have raised new concerns about allergies.'

Equipment Failure↗