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PubMed1975

Detection of activity for various anthelmintics against in vitro-produced Cooperia punctata.

The in vitro-grown parasitic stages of Cooperia punctata were used to evaluate 28 compounds with different kinds and degrees of in vivo activity. Using presumptive and confirmatory tests, it was possible to establish a group order of in vitro potency that compared favorably with an order based on established in vivo use of these compounds. The procedure lends itself to evaluating activity against a given parasitic growth stage and gives a quantitative estimate (range) of the concentration that produces 50% nematode kill. The system was most successful in detecting compounds with in vivo activity for C punctata, followed in order by compounds active against Cooperia spp, other gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants, and other nematodes of non-bovine hosts. The procedure showed some differentiation between activity against nematodes versus that against cestodes, trematodes, and arthropods. The system permits considerable flexibility in experimental design, thus making possible the acquisition of the particular information desired. In addition to establishing lethal effects on the nematode, the procedure detected compounds with nematode-anesthetizing effects. The results indicate this in vitro system can be used with some expediency as a preliminary screening method in the search for new anthelmintic compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1962

Assessment of the residual toxicity to Anopheles gambiae of the organophosphorus insecticides Malathion and Baytex.

As part of a WHO programme to evaluate possible substitutes for the chlorinated hydrocarbons to which anopheline mosquitos in many countries have become resistant, two organophosphorus insecticides, malathion and Baytex, were tested as residual sprays on various types of surface against Anopheles gambiae adults in experimental huts at Magugu in Tanganyika. The long-lasting toxicity of both insecticides on relatively impervious surfaces was confirmed, but-as is the case with the chlorinated hydrocarbons-shorter persistence was obtained on sorptive surfaces. As most of the mosquitos rested on the roof, its surface was of much greater importance than the wall surface in determining kill; trials with naturally entering mosquitos indicated that where the roof was of grass malathion was to be preferred to Baytex. Observations confirmed that control huts attracted far more mosquitos than the treated huts and that the insecticide vapour apparently masked the human odour.

Animals↗