Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “FOWLS, DOMESTIC”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Adrenergic activity of the oviduct of the domestic fowl.

The adrenergic activity of the domestic hen was investigated. Administration of noradrenaline to laying hens at dose levels of 3-5, 7-0, and 14-0 microng/kg produced an increase in the magnal pressure, and a simultaneous decrease in the uterine pressure. Similar doses given to ovariectomized hens caused an inhibition of activity in both segments. Strips of tissues from the vagina and the uterovaginal junction of laying hens were exposed in vitro to noradrenaline at concentrations of 1-5 x 10(-6) and 2.9 x 10(-6) M. The vaginal strips reacted with a sharp increase in tension, while the uterovaginal preparations showed a more gradual and prolonged response. It is suggested that the beta inhibitory activity of the uterus and the alpha excitatory activity of the rest of the oviduct are involved in the regulation of ovum transport.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1986

The gonadotropic-axis involvement in the course of the filial following response in the domestic fowl chick.

The detachment process of the domestic chick from its mother, or any other imprinting object occurs between the sixth and tenth week after hatching. The present study (Experiment I), examines whether the detachment process parallels endocrine events that precede prepuberty. Immediately upon hatching, groups of heavy strain chicks were imprinted to a colored foam rubber ball for 72 hours. The bond between these chicks and the imprinting object was then tested, and plasma LH and testosterone were assayed once a week until the chicks were 10 weeks of age; the sexual development of chicks of the same strain was studied at the same time. At the outset of the detachment period (5-7 weeks) an increase in plasma testosterone and a decrease in plasma LH was found. In addition, the comb and testes showed a definite weight increase while the bursa of Fabricius showed a significant decline in weight. In Experiment II, the beginning of the detachment process was induced by injecting 3 to 4 week old chicks with testosterone-propionate, estradiol-benzoate and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Our evidence therefore appears to demonstrate that testosterone and its metabolites induce the detachment process by the same mechanism used to stimulate sexual behavior in juvenile chicks.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Three congenital anomalies of domestic fowl.

Of 35,000 necropsies performed on domestic poultry, three cases of anomalies were recorded. The anomalies observed were duplicate polydactyly, accessory hepatic lobe, and reduplication of caeca.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Immunocytochemical demonstration of met-enkephalin in the central nervous system of the domestic fowl.

In the central nervous system of the male domestic flow, metenkephalin (ENK) immunoreactive perikarya and fiber tracts as well as extensive but sharply delimited fiber networks were visualized by means of the PAP technique. The most striking results were: (1) The demonstration of an association of ENK-containing structures with branchial nerves; (2) the spatial relationship of ENK-containing perikarya and fibers to somatostatin (SOM) and arginine-vasotocin (AVT)-immunoreactive systems; (3) the presence of dense and extensive ENK fiber networks within (a) the caudo-basal wall of the third ventricle and (b) the septal-preoptic area; in both regions mainly ENK fibers, but also SOM and AVT fibers, may cross to the contralateral side.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alphabetical list of the genes of domestic fowl.

An alphabetical list of over 250 loci of the domestic chicken is presented. Also included is a set of nomenclature rules and a proposal that the prefix Ea (erythrocyte antigen) be used with blood group symbolism in order to distinguish them from other loci with the same letter designation. These proposals grew out of the 1977 symposium on "Mutant Nomenclature and Gene Symbolism".

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Chronology of events in the first cell cycle of the polyspermic egg of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus).

The nuclear population in the polyspermic egg of the domestic hen was examined in whole-mount preparations of the germinal disc. The numbers of nuclei varied in groups of hens from averages of 5.9 to 26, depending on days from insemination. Changes in development from initial formation of pronuclei to the early mitoses of the zygote nucleus were staged according to the position of the egg in the oviduct. The findings substantiated earlier accounts on the timing of the apposition of the parental pronuclei towards the end of the first cell cycle. Additionally, analysis of the spatial distribution of accessory spermatozoal nuclei showed a slight, but significant, dispersal from a clustered arrangement at this time.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Mycoplasmas in wild turkeys living in association with domestic fowl.

One hundred and nineteen Merriam's wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo merriami) and 31 domestic chickens coexisting on a ranch in west-central Colorado (USA) were surveyed for mycoplasmosis by serologic and cultural methods. Although no clinical signs were apparent in any wild turkeys tested, 51 (43%) had positive rapid plate agglutination (RPA) reactions for M. gallisepticum (MG) and/or M. synoviae (MS); 37% of 56 adults and 48% of 63 subadults were classified as positive reactors to MG and/or MS. No turkeys tested in 1992 (n = 61) and 17 (29%) of 58 turkeys tested in 1993 were RPA-positive for M. meleagridis (MM). Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test results were negative for MG, MS and MM as were most enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test reactions (MG = 99%, MS = 93%, MM = 87%). Immunoblotting showed mild to moderate reactivity to MG proteins in 49% of 41 samples tested. Most chickens were strongly positive for MS by RPA (81%), HI (58%) and ELISA (87%); 48% also were positive for MG by RPA but all were MG-negative by HI and ELISA. No pathogenic mycoplasmas were isolated from either group of birds. Mycoplasma gallopavonis was commonly identified from the wild turkeys, and M. gallinaceum was isolated from both the chickens and wild turkeys. In a transmission study conducted in 1994, disease-free domestic turkeys failed to seroconvert when co-housed with wild turkeys from this population that were RPA-positive for MG. Collectively, the results of this study were inconclusive regarding the status of pathogenic mycoplasmas within this wild turkey population.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1984

Lipogenic enzyme activity and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentration in livers of two lines of domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) selected for different body fat content.

Livers were obtained from two lines of domestic broiler which had been selected for low (lean) and high (fat) plasma very-low-density lipoprotein concentration over three generations. The fat line possessed significantly higher hepatic specific activities of malate dehydrogenase (NADP), ATP citrate lyase and fatty acid synthase, and lower glucose bisphosphatase than the lean line. The glycolytic enzymes, pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase, were similar and so was the concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. This recently discovered metabolic regulator was present at somewhat higher concentrations than previously reported in rats or mice. It exhibited a positive correlation with phosphofructokinase activity (only data for the fat line are shown), and stimulated enzyme activity when added to crude preparations.

ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase↗
PubMed1987

Gastrointestinal motility in relation to spontaneous meal occurrence in domestic fowls.

The relationship between gastrointestinal (GI) motility and spontaneous feeding activity was investigated in five immature domestic hens, by recording simultaneously their feeding and contraction of the gizzard and duodenum. Different parameters of GI motility were interrelated, and gizzard contraction frequency (GCF) was used as an overall index of motility. Significant (P less than 0.05) changes in GCF relative to mealtimes varied between individual birds and between different meal length classes. The most consistent change was a rapid increase in GCF at the start of meals, followed by a decline which usually commenced before the end of long meals, but after the end of shorter ones. The increase in GCF commenced before the start of meals in one bird which had longer inter-meal intervals than the rest. There were no consistent changes in GCF at the ends of intervals or meals that might suggest a causal association between motility and hunger and satiety. It is suggested that the observed variation in GI motility may be accounted for mainly by variation in extrinsic stimulation from the vagus nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The effect of acclimatization on blood flow and its distribution in normothermic and hyperthermic domestic fowl.

Blood flow and its distribution was examined in summer and winter acclimatized normothermic and hyperthermic domestic hens. A clear trend of season on normothermic blood flow distribution was not noted; however, a significant tendency towards increased flow in summer was recorded. In 22 out of 28 organs or tissues examined, blood flow was lower in winter than in summer: pectoral muscle, adrenal and jejunum winter to summer ratios were 36, 64 and 76%, respectively (P less than 0.05). During hyperthermia, blood flow to visceral organ decreased in both groups; in summer this reduction was less severe in parts of the digestive system and more pronounced in parts of the reproductive system.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1986

Regulation of glucokinase activity in the domestic fowl.

The factors which regulate soluble and particulate glucokinase and hexokinase activity in the liver of domestic chickens has been investigated. Pretreatment with oral administration (via tube feeding) of glucose plus injection of insulin resulted in a significant increase in the activity of soluble (p less than 0.01) and particulate (p less than 0.01) glucokinase activity whereas fasting for 48 hours reduced glucokinase and hexokinase activity (p less than 0.01) in the particulate fraction only. Treatment of fed chickens for 2 weeks with thyroxine (50 micrograms: i.m. daily) plus triiodothyronine (50 micrograms) resulted in a marginal decrease (NS) in soluble glucokinase activity but significantly increased soluble hexokinase (p less than 0.05) activity. Thyroidectomized animals showed a decline in both soluble glucokinase (p less than 0.01) and hexokinase (p less than 0.025) activity. There was no effect of thyroid hormone manipulation on particulate glucokinase activity although there was a significant reduction in particulate hexokinase activity (p less than 0.05) in thyroidectomized birds. These data establish a physiological role for the glucokinase enzyme activity in avian carbohydrate metabolism and suggest that in contrast with the mammal, the particulate fraction is the more physiologically important enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Development of dustbathing behavior sequences in the domestic fowl: the significance of functional experience.

The development of the sequential structure of dustbathing bouts was studied in domestic egg-layer chicks from hatching until 23 days of age using a first order Markov chain model analysis. Chicks were reared either with access to sand ("sand chicks ") or on a wire floor ( "wire chicks"). All chicks in both groups developed a basic structure of the elements pecking, bill raking, ground scratching, vertical wingshaking, head rubbing, and side rubbing. Nonetheless, there was more cohesion in the bouts of sand chicks than in those of wire chicks: wire chicks had more pauses in their bouts and performed more elements while standing; also, allopecking (feather-pecking) and preening were incorporated into their bouts. We conclude that the basic structure of dustbathing bouts develops even in the absence of functional experience with feedback from sand. However, absence of normal feedback can lead to problems consisting of interruptions and feather-directed behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Female mate choice and male behaviour in domestic fowl.

The purpose of this study was to use paired choice tests to examine mate selection by female domestic chickens, Gallus gallus domesticus. We examined five behavioural and six morphological traits of 34 pairs of males to determine which male features influenced female mate choice. The frequency of a behavioural display known as wingflapping was the only variable that differed significantly between males that were chosen and males that were not. Within trials, females selected males with the highest wingflapping rate. Across trials, the wingflapping rate of chosen males ranged widely (3-82 wingflaps/h) suggesting that females used a relative choice mechanism when selecting a mate. These results differ from earlier work on the closely related red junglefowl, G. g. murghi, in which females use morphological traits and a threshold choice mechanism when selecting mates. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

Journal Article↗