Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “EPONYMS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Nomenclature of GM2-gangliosidoses.

As a supplement to the recently proposed systematic nomenclature for the genotypes and phenotypes of GM2-gangliosidoses (O'Brien 1978b), it is suggested that guidelines be adopted for the use of eponyms and type designations in connection with this group of sphingolipidoses. The biochemical genetics of the lysosomal beta-hexosaminidase system in man are briefly reviewed, and recommendations are proposed for the use of eponyms and type designations based upon a locus-oriented framework.

Hexosaminidases↗
PubMed1991

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis in a family with the Zimmermann-Laband syndrome.

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is frequently an isolated condition of little consequence apart from a cosmetic problem and occasional associations with hypertrichosis and/or epilepsy. There are, however, several uncommon or rare eponymous syndromes described in which gingival fibromatosis can be a feature: these include the Zimmermann-Laband, Murray-Puretic-Drescher, Rutherfurd, Cowden and Cross syndromes. This paper describes two siblings with features of the rare Zimmermann-Laband syndrome and discusses the major aspects of this and other eponymous syndromes that may be associated with hereditary gingival fibromatosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Musculoskeletal colloquialisms: how did we come up with these names?

Eponyms and colloquial terms are labels that provide two kinds of information: the pattern of a complex injury or pathologic problem and, in the case of an eponym, the name of an individual who has been closely identified with the pathologic problem. Such terms remind us that the medicine of today is not entirely the work of our contemporaries. The article illustrates many of the common colloquial terms applied to fractures and musculoskeletal injuries seen in everyday practice. Wherever possible, the illustrations and definitions are based on the original descriptions of the injuries.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

Contributions to the history of psychology: LXXI. "Purkinje phenomenon": the genesis and the early uses of the term in French, German, and English.

In an earlier note (Brozek, 1989) regret was expressed that Zusne's valuable book Eponyms in Psychology (1987) did not provide information on persons who coined the eponyms as well as on the time and place in which they were introduced into the scientific literature. The present report provides such information for the term "Purkinje phenomenon." In French it was used by J. Macé de Lepinay and W. Nicati in 1882, in Germany by Ewald Hering in 1895, and in English by J. B. Haycraft in 1897.

Color Perception↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and Sturge-Weber syndrome: variations on a theme?

We describe a patient with a complex neurocutaneous syndrome of congenital vascular malformations, abnormalities of brain and bones, and soft tissue hypertrophy of one leg. According to eponymous classification schemes, the patient can be assigned to two different clinical entities. Using the lethal gene theory it is possible to unify these different syndromes and to explain the overlap and diversity of these congenital vascular syndromes. We argue that it is better to describe such vascular malformation syndromes in anatomical/histological or functional terms and map the extent of the disease, rather than name it according to the eponymous classification.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2005

[One name, two physicians. About Whipple's procedure and Whipple's disease].

The biographical silhouettes of two contemporary, but unrelated American physicians using the same name: Allen Oldfather Whipple and Gorge Hoyt Whipple are presented. Both significantly influenced their medical specialties. A.O. Whipple was a pioneer in modern surgery of the pancreas. His name is used as an eponym for resection of the pancreas head (Whipple's procedure). G.H. Whipple, the pathologist and physiologists received the Nobel Prize for his input into scientific evidence for the treatment of anemia. His name serves as an eponym for extremely rare disease of the bowel (Whipple's disease).

Anemia↗
PubMed1982

William Osler and his Gulstonian Lectures on malignant endocarditis.

Current perceptions of the association between William Osler and bacterial endocarditis are, for many of us, encompassed by the eponym, "Osler's nodes." Osler himself credited others with priority in description of those nodes, and the eponym is justified only because it signals the overlordship of the disease that the great clinician maintained for 3 decades (1885 through 1915). In the Gulstonian Lectures on malignant endocarditis, Osler provided, as Cushing said, "the first comprehensive account in English of the disease and did much to bring the subject to the attention of clinicians." In the present account, I have sought to assess the degree to which Osler's contributions to knowledge and understanding of bacterial endocarditis were extended or limited by forces of time and circumstance that, for the most part, extended beyond boundaries that any effort on his part could have altered.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New directions in the surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. Review of the literature].

The pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is often multifactorial, as abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) may be associated to abnormalities of the esophageal peristalsis, the esophageal clearance, and the gastric reservoir. The preoperative evaluation of patients with GERD must include esophageal function tests (esophageal manometry and ambulatory pH monitoring) and evaluation of the gastric emptying in addition to UGI series and endoscopy. The information provided by these tests is essential to identify the pathophysiology of the disease in the individual patient, and tailor the operative treatment accordingly. For patients with an incompetent LES but normal esophageal peristalsis, the Nissen fundoplication is the procedure of choice. When abnormal peristalsis and delayed clearance are identified by preoperative esophageal function tests, a partial fundoplication must be chosen in order to avoid postoperative dysphagia and gas bloat syndrome. Too many eponyms have been used to describe antireflux surgery (Nissen, Rossetti, Toupet, Lind, Hill, Guarner). It is time to go beyond these eponyms, and focus on the technical details which contribute to the stability of the wrap, as this is the main determinant of long term outcome.

Fundoplication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone remodelling: should we cry Wolff?

Wolff's Law describes the relationship between the structure and function of bone. Julius Wolff based his law on a comparison of the stress trajectories in Culmann's crane with the pattern of trabecular bone in the femoral neck. However, his analysis was based on a misinterpretation of mechanical data and a rejection of bone resorption. Wilhelm Roux was the first to accurately describe the adaptation of bone to altered load, so Roux's Law would be a more accurate eponym.

Anatomy↗
PubMed2000

Neuroradiological history: Sir Joseph Larmor and the basis of MRI physics.

The origin of many of the eponymous terms in modern medicine is unknown to many people who utter them daily. As a contribution to understanding the historical background of MRI, we provide a brief account of the life and work of Joseph Larmor, the Irish scientist, whose name is frequently used by chemists, physicists and radiologists alike.

Electricity↗
PubMed2003

[Revision of the 1992 edition of the WHO histological typing of odontogenic tumors. A suggestion].

The WHO classification of odontogenic tumors (1992, OT) was revised. The following main changes were proposed: (1) OT are not only "related to" odontogenic tissues but are derived from these; (2) the stroma of the epithelial tumor group (1.1.1) is of a fibrous nature and does not contain any ectomesenchymal component; (3) subtypes of ameloblastomas have to be differentiated (intra-, extraosseous, desmoplastic, unicystic); (4) eponyms are no longer used in the revised classification; (5) the AOT is reclassified as an epithelial OT; (6) a neoplastic and non-neoplastic line of the ameloblastic fibroma and ameloblastic fibrodentinoma is proposed; (7) the calcifying ghost cell odontogenic tumor is included in the classification; (8) the simple and the WHO type of odontogenic fibroma are included in the classification; (9) the classification of malignant OT is adapted from Eversole (1999) with a few changes. In particular, ameloblastic carcinoma is differentiated from malignant ( metastasizing) ameloblastoma; (10) the term carcinoma in intraosseous (peripheral) ameloblastoma is introduced. Also, the malignant epithelial odontogenic ghost cell tumor is termed calcifying ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma; (11) the clear cell odontogenic tumor is termed clear cell odontogenic carcinoma; (12) the so-called pseudocysts are termed "cavities" (aneurysmal bone cavity, simple bone cavity, lingual and buccal mandibular bone cavity, focal marrow-containing jaw cavity).

Ameloblastoma↗
PubMed2001

Thomas Bowdler: censor, philanthropist, and doctor.

A recent biography of the physician William Osler credits him with having generated a verb, to "oslerize", as a synonym for euthanasia. Actually, Osler had been mocking his own impending senescent uselessness at the time of his move from Baltimore to Oxford. That neologism did not last. Two earlier doctors who did make it to the dictionaries in a verbally eponymous way were F A Mesmer and Thomas Bowdler, and Bowdler, at least, would not have liked the recognition. The first use of the verb to "bowdlerise" seems to have been in 1836, with a reference to "names in the writings of the apostles which modern ultrachristians would probably have Bowdlerized". However, Bowdler is better remembered for his cleaning up of the plays of Shakespeare.

Drama↗
PubMed1998

1898-1998: Camillo Golgi and "the Golgi": one hundred years of terminological clones.

Camillo Golgi discovered, in 1898, the cell organelle that has been called, after him, "the Golgi apparatus" or "the Golgi complex." Because of the necessity of saving words in scientific literature, "the Golgi apparatus" is nowadays frequently referred to only as "the Golgi" or used in an adjectival form in combination with a variety of terms (e.g., Golgi vesicle, Golgi area, Golgi traffic, and so forth). We present here a search of the Medline database for the years 1967 through 1997, which demonstrates that the eponym has lost all connection with Golgi's personal identity. In addition, the search indicates that interest in the Golgi apparatus is steadily increasing, as evidenced in the scientific literature, and that Golgi's name is much more frequently used in association with the cell organelle than with any of the other scientific contributions of this scientist, including the Golgi impregnation of nerve cells.

Eponyms↗
PubMed2006

Did Ludwig's angina kill Ludwig?

Wilhelm Frederick von Ludwig first described in 1836 a potentially fatal, rapidly spreading soft tissue infection of the neck and floor of the mouth. The condition was later named 'Ludwig's angina', a term which persists in medicine to this day. A gold medallist at 19 and professor at 25, Ludwig also served as president of the Württemberg Medical Association and chief physician to the royal family. His outstanding contribution to medicine was rewarded with the title Excellence upon retiring in 1855. Ludwig died at the age of 75, ironically, days after developing an inflammation of the neck. Could it be that Ludwig died of his own condition? This article combines a biography of Wilhelm Frederick von Ludwig with an overview of his eponymous condition and its management.

Eponyms↗
PubMed2003

The tainted legacy of Hans Reiter.

There is more than ample evidence that Hans Reiter, whose name has been eponymously linked to a rheumatologic syndrome, was a Nazi war criminal. He was responsible for heinous atrocities that violated the precepts of humanity, ethics, and professionalism. The authors suggest that Reiter's legacy is sufficiently tainted that the professional and ethical position of the medical community should be to no longer afford him this recognition. He should be remembered symbolically to remind us of our moral and professional responsibilities to prevent the kind of "experiments" he perpetrated as Director of the Nazi office for such matters. Medicine is a moral enterprise. Physicians serve to promote the welfare of their patients. Hans Reiter and others like him who have behaved in such a manner have acted beyond the pale of acceptable human behavior. These crimes by Reiter and others like him were transcendently aberrant and evil. We regard Reiter and others like him as tainted. We see no acceptable rationale to preserve any professional memory of Reiter and others like him within our medical culture except as a symbol of what our societal values obligate us to reject. We suggest reverting to or substituting other terms for the syndrome (such as spondyloarthropathy, spondyloarthritis, oligoarthritis, inflammatory oligoarthritis, reactive arthritis, [oligo-] arthritis with conjunctivitis/urethritis/diarrhea, etc) until pathophysiologic or other insights lead to better ones. (It should be noted that the description of this syndrome was not original to Reiter and that current nomenclature is probably in need of revision in any case because the terminology and classification is outdated and clinically imprecise.) We offer these recommendations because we cannot forget. We cannot forget that Reiter and others like him represented an abhorrent evil. We cannot forget that Reiter and others like him desecrated the traditions of our civilization. We cannot forget that Reiter and others like him violated the precepts of the Hippocratic oath. The legacy of Hans Reiter should be that we remember only this and resolve that such transgressions never again occur.

Arthritis, Reactive↗
PubMed2000

Fritz Lewy and his bodies.

Attention is drawn to the neuronal inclusion bodies in Parkinsonism and the dementia described by F. Lewy in 1910, resulting in his eponym, as well as to his academic career and participation in two world wars on opposite sides.

Brain↗
PubMed2002

The Gordon-Hey reflex.

Nowadays, a neurologist, even in many years of practice, rarely sees a patient with Sydenham's chorea. Things were quite different during the period +/- 1850 - +/- 1950, when 'chorea minor' was the subject of hundreds of publications. In those days, the practising neurologist stood a good chance of coming across patients with such a degree of muscular hypotonia (a characteristic feature of severe Sydenham's) that he was inclined to infer the presence of paralysis. Those instances used to be denoted as chorea mollis or chorea paralytica. According to textbooks then considered to be authoritative, any doubt regarding the diagnosis of Sydenham's chorea was largely removed if one succeeded in eliciting Gordon-Hey's reflex. This eponym turns out to be as fascinating as the question of its still largely unclarified pathophysiology. In spite of that, mention of the reflex has wholly disappeared from the textbooks of neurology since circa forty years.

Chorea↗
PubMed2003

The attitudes and beliefs of clinicians involved in teaching undergraduate musculoskeletal clinical examination skills.

The aim of this study was to explore which regional musculoskeletal examination skills medical students should learn and be examined on. A qualitative research study was undertaken, and six focus groups were formed involving 36 consultants from four chosen specialties. The feeling was that greater emphasis should be placed on the functional assessment of a patient. Students should be able to discern through examination what the patient can and cannot do with his/her affected limb/joint. It was felt that many of the traditional eponymously named special tests (e.g.Thomas' test, Trendelenburg's test) should be dispensed with along with traditional descriptions such as varus, valgus, swan neck and Boutonniere deformities. It was felt these were often a cause of confusion for medical undergraduates. A broad view and diversity in opinions was detected with differences between specialties. The strongest theme to emerge by far was the desire to simplify and standardize the regional examination as much as possible.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗