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PubMedDate not supplied

Polyamines in ejaculated ram spermatozoa and their relationship with sperm motility.

Intracellular polyamine levels in ejaculated spermatozoa and seminal fluid from rams were determined by fluorescent spectroscopy of their dansyl derivatives. Relationships between the sperm polyamine content and sperm motility of six mature and eight pubescent rams were studied. Samples were collected from both groups once a month from August through October. Mature rams had a greater percentage of motile sperm cells than lambs (94% versus 73% in September and 92% versus 78% in October); higher spermidine content (36 versus 9 pmol/10(8) cells in September and 162 versus 55 pmol/10(8) cells in October); higher spermine content (984 versus 205 pmol/10(8) cells in September and 1,229 versus 414 pmol/10(8) cells in October); and higher total sperm polyamine content (1,021 versus 216 pmol/10(8) cells in September and 2,258 versus 973 pmol/10(8) cells in October). In the lambs, spermidine content increased (55 versus 9 pmol/10(8) cells); spermine content increased (414 versus 205 pmol/10(8) cells); and total sperm polyamine content increased (973 versus 215 pmol/10(8) cells) in October compared to September. Ejaculates with sperm motility higher than 85% had greater spermine (848 versus 234 pmol/10(8) cells in September and 1064 versus 449 pmol/10(8) cells in October), and total sperm polyamine content (882 versus 244 pmol/10(8) cells in September and 2,015 versus 1,008 pmol/10(8) cells in October) than ejaculates with less than 450 pmol total sperm polyamines/10(8) cells was 68% +/- 6% compared to 90% +/- 4% in cells with greater than 450 pmol (average for all ejaculates) total sperm polyamines/10(8) cells. These data suggest a positive relationship between sperm polyamine constant and sperm motility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Birth of healthy neonates after intracytoplasmic injection of ejaculated or testicular spermatozoa from men with nonmosaic Klinefelter's syndrome: a report of 2 cases.

BACKGROUND: Klinefelter's syndrome is one of the major causes of azoospermia, cryptozoospermia and severe oligozoospermia with either a nonmosaic (47,XXY) or mosaic (47,XXY/46,XY) ICSI treatment with cryopreserved testicular spermatozoa failed, but after the third attempt, 6 of 8 oocytes injected with cryopreserved sperm were fertilized and karyotype. Men with Klinefelter's syndrome generally have difficulty having children. CASES: Patient 1 had motile spermatozoa in the ejaculate, which were injected into 3 oocytes, resulting in fertilization and cleavage. Two good-quality embryos were transferred into his wife's uterine cavity. She conceived and, following a normal pregnancy, delivered a healthy female infant. Two years later she conceived for the second time with motile spermatozoa in the ejaculate and delivered a healthy male infant uneventfully. To our knowledge, this was the first case in which a nonmosaic Kleinefelter's syndrome patient fathered 2 children through intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using motile spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Patient 2, with azoospermia, was subjected to testicular biopsy to collect spermatozoa. The first 2 attempts at ICSI treatment with cryopreserved testicular spermatozoa failed, but after the third attempt, 6 of 8 oocytes injected with cryopreserved sperm were fertilized and cleaved. Two of these embryos were transferred into the wife's uterine cavity. She conceived and, following a normal pregnancy, delivered a healthy male infant. In all cases, amniocentesis followed by genetic analysis showed a normal karyotype. CONCLUSION: Two infertile men with nonmosaic Klinefelter's syndrome successfully fathered normal children after intracytoplasmic injection of ejaculated or testicular spermatozoa.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Pregnancy by insemination of cryopreserved spermatozoa from a man with retrograde ejaculation: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Owing to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, spinal injuries and aggressive surgical treatment of cancer, the number of younger patients with retrograde ejaculation is increasing. Since medical treatment to restore antegrade ejaculation often fails, several options for accomplishing insemination by these patients, including the use of sperm-rich urine obtained after masturbation and in vitro fertilization with sperm retrieved from the seminal tract, have been reported. We used the least invasive and most inexpensive procedure in a patient/couple with this condition. CASE: A 23-year-old man suffered from retrograde ejaculation after a spinal injury. He could achieve erection and engage in sexual intercourse but seldom had an orgasm or the sensation of ejaculation. We obtained spermatozoa from urine produced after masturbation at home and froze them. We used these frozen-thawed spermatozoa for intrauterine insemination, leading to the term birth of a healthy infant. CONCLUSION: In selected patient/couples, frozen spermatozoa obtained from postmasturbation urine can be used successfully for intrauterine insemination. This minimally invasive and most inexpensive procedure should be tried before planning in vitro fertilization.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phagocytosis of ejaculated spermatozoa.

In patients with accessory gland infections or subjects who have sperm antibodies in their semen, the presence of macrophages with phagocytic activity on ejaculated spermatozoa is significant. Light microscopy cannot certify phagocytosis because it does not give a three-dimensional view of the cells and can lead one to mistake superficial adherence of the spermatozoa to the macrophage for phagocytic activity. For that reason, scanning electron microscopy was used in this study. The samples, fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline, were processed for observation with light microscopy (Giemsa or Papanicolaou stain) or with scanning electron microscopy (cell selection, critical point drying and paladium-platinum sputtering). With scanning electron microscopy, inactive macrophages had large membrane folds and a globular structure similar to those seen in ascites, whereas when active, they decreased in volume and developed a surface with granules or blebs. Inactive macrophages were rarely seen. A few minutes after mixing the different fractions of the ejaculate, phagocytosis reached such a level of activity that the spermatozoa partly covered the macrophages. Thus, we observed that the spermatozoa were caught by the head first in some instances but by the main-piece fragment of the tail first in other instances; very rarely were they taken by the midportion, between the head and tail. The presence in the ejaculate of macrophages with phagocytic activity on living, motile spermatozoa thus indicates that the encounter between the macrophages and spermatozoa was a result of the assemblage of components that make up the ejaculate. In this way the contributions of the prostatic gland and seminal vesicles play an important part in the spermiophagy of spermatozoa.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Penetration and ejaculation; forensic aspects of rape.

A study was made of 104 alleged rape cases submitted to the DSIR in Auckland by the police over a period of approximately two years. Data were collected relating to the victims' perceptions of penetration and ejaculation, and the forensic evidence for these events. Seminal fluid was detected in 69 (66%) of the cases. In 81 (78%) of the cases penetration was reported; seminal fluid was detected in 58 of these. Of the five (5%) cases where it was reported that penetration did not occur, seminal fluid was detected in two. Forty (38%) of the victims reported ejaculation and seminal fluid was detected by 34 of these. Ejaculation was reported not to have occurred in 16 (15%) of the cases; seminal fluid was detected in seven of these. The victims of alleged sexual assault may not remember accurately if penetration or ejaculation took place.

Ejaculation↗
PubMed1992

Sperm retrieval for direct intraperitoneal insemination in a diabetic with retrograde ejaculation. A case report.

Retrograde ejaculation is an uncommon form of male infertility. It may occur in diabetics from neuropathy involving the sympathetic fibers innervating the bladder neck. Treatment of infertility in these cases is with artificial homologous insemination. Several techniques for semen recovery from the bladder have been proposed. This paper describes a case of twin pregnancy following direct intraperitoneal insemination (DIPI) of semen retrieved from a diabetic man with retrograde ejaculation. Retrieval of semen was performed in this case by spontaneous voiding of urine after the introduction of a suitable medium into the bladder and before ejaculation. The quality of the semen was examined after spontaneous urination before DIPI. The poor quality of the spermatozoa induced us to introduce into the bladder a suitable medium before ejaculation and sperm recovery.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed2004

[Physiology and pharmacology of ejaculation].

Ejaculation requires an interplay of peripheral actors comprising, among others, smooth and skeletal fibers, glandular and endothelial cells. These actors are driven by vegetative and somatic innervations, deriving essentially from the spinal cord, in turn controlled by cerebral structures and endocrine factors, mostly steroids; These controls require sensitive afferences and command two steps, emission under autonomic control, and ejaculation per se which further involves somatic motoneurons. This review first describes the peripheral innervation of the part of the genital tract concerned in ejaculation, in which the sympathetic component is predominant and releases noradrenalin and neuropeptides; however parasympathetic and somatic components also play a role. At the spinal level, control circuits are organized into networks influenced by spinal structures, which have been discovered through selective lesions or stimulations, as well as by retrograde trans-synaptic tracing with neurotropic viruses. Among these structures, the median preoptic area and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus are major regulation sites. On the other hand, serotoninergic and also dopaminergic and adrenergic systems are implicated as well in the command of ejaculation; the latter constitute priviledged targets for a pharmacological treatment of dysfunctions.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Manually assisted ejaculation in a stallion with erectile dysfunction subsequent to paraphimosis.

A Thoroughbred stallion with erectile dysfunction following paraphimosis was managed to allow consistent ejaculation. Ejaculation was elicited in this stallion by applying manual stimulation to the base of the penis. This technique allowed consistent ejaculation, and the stallion was able to return to natural service. Historically, stallions with this degree of penile dysfunction have been considered incapable of ejaculation and unable to continue as breeding animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Correlation between premature ejaculation and redundant prepuce].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between redundant prepuce and premature ejaculation. METHODS: Fifty-two cases suffering from premature ejaculation and redundant prepuce were treated with circumcision. They were asked to fill the investigating questionnaire about the changes of ejaculatory latent period, patients' and their wives' satisfaction with sexual life before and after the treatment. RESULTS: During 12 months after circumcision, 28 cases were cured and 11 cases were efficacious. The curative rate was 54.9% and effective rate was 76.5%. Twelve cases with no responding continued to be treated with routine methods, such as psychotherapy, daub narcotic to glans of penis and taking medicine to treat chronic prostatitis, which were used before circumcision but still no effects. During 18 months after circumcision, 4 cases were cured and 5 cases were efficacious. CONCLUSION: Redundant prepuce had direct or indirect relationship with premature ejaculation. The circumcision is one of the effective methods to treat premature ejaculation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Retrograde ejaculation following transurethral surgery for bladder neck sclerosis].

A brief review of the literature on the physiology of ejaculation and the causes and treatment of retrograde ejaculation is made. Retrograde ejaculation following transurethral resection for bladder neck sclerosis is discussed in detail. Seventy four patients were under control for a period of 5 years--69 after transurethral resection and 5 after transurethral incision of the bladder neck. Retrograde ejaculation was observed in 8.6 per cent of the patients. The possibility to solve the fertility problems in young men, as well as to avoid this complication is discussed. Inferences are made and recommendations given for establishing the diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of this complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Sexotherapy and disorders of ejaculation.

The author reviews the disorders of ejaculation: premature ejaculation delayed ejaculation and retarded ejaculation. She proposes behavioral treatments adapted to each disorder: single techniques provide most often excellent results.

Ejaculation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of an alpha-blocking agent (phenoxybenzamine) in the management of premature ejaculation.

Phenoxybenzamine has been extremely effective in treating patients with vesical dysfunctions, its minimal side effects include anejaculation and delay and difficulty in ejaculation. Fifteen men were treated with phenoxybenzamine (PBZ) for premature ejaculation. Eight patients reported a subjective improvement of the time from penetration to ejaculation. PBZ is a well tolerated drug. The only side effect of the treatment was dry ejaculation. The Authors suggest its use in selected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Influence of season and frequency of ejaculation on production of stallion semen for freezing.

In an attempt to define optimal season and ejaculation frequency for frozen semen, semen was collected from 6 stallions (3 horses and 3 ponies) 3 times per week or every day, alternating every week, for 1 year. The semen was evaluated and frozen. All the samples were thawed at the end of the experiment. At collection, fresh semen evaluations showed that winter (as opposed to spring and summer) was associated with low sexual behaviour, small volumes of spermatozoa and gel, high sperm concentration and lower motility. The high ejaculation frequency yielded a decreased volume, concentration of spermatozoa in the ejaculate and slightly improved motility. The quality of thawed semen was analysed by video and microscope estimations for motility and by two staining methods for vitality. No variation was observed according to the ejaculation frequency; the best freezability was obtained in winter but the difference was small compared to between-stallion variability and optimization of frequency and season did not change a 'bad freezer' into a good one.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A freeze-fracture study on epididymal and ejaculate spermatozoa of the monkey (Macaca fascicularis).

Spermatozoa from four epididymal regions and from the ejaculate of the monkey, Macaca fascicularis, always present the same particle organization for a given sample. The plasmalemma contains homogeneously distributed, 7-8 nm size, PF-face, particles throughout the head, midpiece and principal piece. A unique, particle arrangement occurs in the plasmalemmal, PF-face in spermatozoa from the proximal levels of the body of the epididymis only. Square arrays of 4-6 nm size, PF-face plasmalemmal particles occur in this region of the epididymis at the peripheral edge of the spermatozoon acrosomal region only. Throughout other regions of the epididymis the plasmalemma contains only the homogeneously distributed, 7-8 nm size, PF-face particles. Ejaculate spermatozoa exhibit a similar particle organization to that of spermatozoa found in the distal portions of the epididymis. However, ejaculate spermatozoa of one animal from the eight used in this study exhibited a series of 7-8 nm size, linearly arranged, plasmalemmal, PF-face particles situated just proximal to the striated ring. This array of particles continued further rostral on the lateral aspect than on the flattened medial aspect of the spermatozoon. Spermatozoa from the tail of the epididymis and from ejaculates of the other seven animals lacked such specialization. The above data is discussed in terms of the population of particles generally, the significance of the presence of linearly arranged particles proximal to the striated ring, and the possible significance of the square arrays of particles present transiently in one region of the epididymis only. A correlation is made between these square arrays and similarly arrayed particles found in rat and boar epididymal spermatozoa.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Pregnancy following treatment of retrograde ejaculation with clomipramine hydrochloride. A report of 3 cases.

In 2 out of 3 cases of retrograde ejaculation treatment with clomipramine hydrochloride resulted in normal ejaculation and conception. The 3rd patient was only partially helped by the drug. The mechanisms of ejaculation, the causes of retrograde ejaculation, the management of the condition and the relevant pharmacological features of the tricyclic anti-depressants are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Use of pharmacologically induced ejaculation to obtain semen from a stallion with a fractured radius.

Ejaculation was pharmacologically induced in a 13-year-old Quarter Horse stallion with a spiral fracture of the radius. The owners desired to have semen from the stallion frozen prior to euthanatizing the horse, but because of the debilitating injury, standard methods of semen collection could not be used. With the stallion standing quietly in a stall, a plastic collection bag was positioned over the stallion's penis, and clomipramine hydrochloride (2.2 mg/kg of body weight, IV) was administered. Fifty-five minutes later, xylazine hydrochloride (0.5 mg/kg, IV) was administered. The stallion ejaculated 2 minutes after xylazine administration. The semen sample was of low volume and had a high concentration of spermatozoa; however, motility of spermatazoa was poor and the semen was unacceptable for freezing. The stallion was euthanatized. Semen aspirated from the epididymis after euthanasia was of similar quality to that of the ejaculated sample. Pharmacologic induction of ejaculation can be useful for obtaining semen from stallions when standard techniques cannot be applied.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Ejaculation induced by electrostimulation in men with spinal cord injuries].

Five men (aged 29-43 years) with ejaculatory dysfunction and spinal cord injuries for 10-41 years and level of complete lesions from C6 to T10 underwent electrostimulation. Antegrade ejaculate was obtained in all five participants and simultaneous retrograde ejaculation in four. In general, the total number of spermatozoa was greatest in the retrograde ejaculates and highly variable between the subjects both in the antegrade (0.2-5330 mill.) and in the retrograde ejaculates (0.4-5690 mill.). The percentage of immobile and morphologically abnormal spermatozoa was increased compared with normal values. In connection with the electrostimulation procedures no cases of autonomous hyperreflexia or rectal mucosal injury were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

In vitro fertilization improves pregnancy rates for sperm obtained by rectal probe ejaculation.

PURPOSE: We evaluated semen quality and pregnancy rates achieved with sperm obtained by rectal probe ejaculation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of 183 rectal probe ejaculation procedures performed by 1 of us (J. F. E.) on 40 anejaculatory men was reviewed. RESULTS: Motile sperm were recovered from 95% of men undergoing rectal probe ejaculation. Live births were recorded for 15 of 33 couples (45%) via intrauterine insemination (10) or in vitro fertilization (5). Three of the latter 5 pregnancies were achieved with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. CONCLUSIONS: Motile sperm are obtained from most men undergoing rectal probe ejaculation and pregnancy rates obtained with these sperm are improved by in vitro fertilization.

Ejaculation↗