Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Development Policy”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Regional policy and procedure development: a seven-step process.

In October 1997, Nova Scotia's Eastern Regional Health Board undertook the development of regional policies and procedures relating to both its governance and management responsibilities. The process that was adopted included delegation of tasks to work groups; development of general administrative policies and procedures in accordance with accreditation guidelines and present health restructuring initiatives; coordination of the development of the policies and procedures within a specific framework; and development of standardized clinical policies. A steering committee initiated the project, which involved 24 subgroups.

Decision Making, Organizational↗
PubMed2004

Public participation in regional health policy: a theoretical framework.

How best to involve the public in local health policy development and decision-making is an ongoing challenge for health systems. In the current literature on this topic, there is discussion of the lack of rigorous evaluations upon which to draw generalizable conclusions about what public participation methods work best and for what kinds of outcomes. We believe that for evaluation research on public participation to build generalizable claims, some consistency in theoretical framework is needed. A major objective of the research reported on here was to develop such a theoretical framework for understanding public participation in the context of regionalized health governance. The overall research design followed the grounded theory tradition, and included five case studies of public participation initiatives in an urban regional health authority in Canada, as well as a postal survey of community organizations. This particular article describes the theoretical framework developed, with an emphasis on explaining the following major components of the framework: public participation initiatives as a process; policy making processes with a health region; social context as symbolic and political institutions; policy communities; and health of the population as the ultimate outcome of public participation. We believe that this framework is a good beginning to making more explicit the factors that may be considered when evaluating both the processes and outcomes of public participation in health policy development.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A G.R.E.A.T. (guest relations emphasis all the time) idea. Guest relations program emphasizes a patient-based mission.

Healthcare, in spite of its tremendous clinical, technological, and financial pressures, is patient based. Guest relations programs seek to remind clinicians, technicians, and financial officers of that fact. St. Joseph Medical Center, Fort Wayne, IN, is striving to combine its mission-driven philosophy of healthcare with responsible competitive strategies, and guest relations is a natural and integral part of the plan. St. Joseph appointed 10 persons to a task force to develop its guest relations project. The task force assigned teams of two members each to concentrate on specific objectives: implementation, policy development, medical staff involvement, existing areas that overlapped with the new guest relations efforts, and evaluation. The task force chose 10 persons outside the education department to train 1,400 associates in 65 sessions over three shifts in three months. An outside consultant trained the trainers on the same day she addressed the management team on the importance of their ownership and involvement in the program. While the task force worked on operational details, the advisory group on policy development began laying the groundwork for what may be the most valuable part of any guest relations program: administration-approved policy and procedures, which address communication, standards of excellence, human relations skills, and positive personal attitudes.

Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499↗
PubMed2006

From research evidence to policy: Mental health care in Viet Nam.

PROBLEM: The use of evidence-based policy is gaining attention in developing countries. Frameworks to analyse the process of developing policy and to assess whether evidence is likely to influence policy-makers are now available. However, the use of evidence in policies on caring for people with mental illness in developing countries has rarely been analysed. APPROACH: This case study from Viet Nam illustrates how evidence can be used to influence policy. We summarize evidence on the burden of mental illness in Viet Nam and describe attempts to influence policy-makers. We also interviewed key stakeholders to ascertain their views on how policy could be affected. We then applied an analytical framework to the case study; this framework included an assessment of the political context in which the policy was developed, the links between organizations needed to influence policy, external influences on policy-makers and the nature of evidence required to influence policy-makers. LOCAL SETTING: The burden of mental illness among various population groups was large but there were few policies aimed at providing care for people with mental illness, apart from policies for providing hospital-based care for people with severe mental illness. RELEVANT CHANGES: The national plan proposes to incorporate screening for mental illness among women and children in order to implement early detection and treatment. LESSONS LEARNED: Evidence on the burden of mental ill-health in Viet Nam is patchy and research in this area is still relatively undeveloped. Nonetheless the policy process was influenced by the evidence from research because key links between organizations and policy-makers were established at an early stage, the evidence was regarded as rigorous and the timing was opportune.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2005

The global network of WHO Collaborating Centres for nursing and midwifery development: a policy approach to health for all through nursing and midwifery excellence.

In response to the complexities of health services delivery within the context of cultures, world events, medical technologies, and natural and manmade disasters, WHO recognized the need for external resources to assist it to meet its goals. In line with WHO's policy that research in the field of health is best advanced by assisting, coordinating and utilizing the activities of existing institutions, WHO Collaborating Centres were developed to support WHO with external expertise at the local, country and international levels. Of the 1,000 Collaborating Centres worldwide representing all the major health disciplines, 36, in 19 different countries, are dedicated to nursing and midwifery services, education, research and policy. These 36 Centres have joined forces as the Global Network of WHO Collaborating Centres for Nursing and Midwifery Development. Since its inception in 1987, the Global Network has developed into a significant force in international nursing leadership. Its far-reaching sphere of influence, its communications technology and its ability to develop collaborative projects, enable it to have a significant impact on the health of the people of the world.

Global Health↗
PubMed2000

Roles of commercial interests in alcohol policies: recent developments in North America.

This paper examines recent developments in Canada and the United States and the role of commercial interests in alcohol-related policies bearing on taxes, outlet density, advertising, counter-advertising, health messages and prevention. Case-study material is drawn from published papers, project reports, government documents and newspaper accounts. The main focus is at the federal level, with some reference to provincial, state and local experience. Alcohol industries have as their primary agenda that of maintaining and expanding their markets and maximizing profits. In order to achieve this they typically oppose restrictions on access to alcohol, tax increases, controls on marketing and some counter-advertising campaigns. They are powerful in influencing policy in both countries, at national and regional levels, and their efforts impact policy agenda and outcome of government deliberations. Their prevention efforts, which tend to be oriented to information and education, are mainly individualistic in focus and typically not supportive of environmentally based policy reforms. Governments appear to have a declining interest in policy issues, due partly to resistance by the industries to alcohol control policies. Governments are encouraged to apply an evidence-based orientation to funding prevention, and facilitate evaluation of industry-sponsored prevention efforts. Greatest attention and resources should be directed to interventions that are most likely to have the greatest impact in reducing drinking-related problems, and funding for prevention from alcohol industries should involve arms-length arrangements. Alcohol industries are encouraged to consider strategies that do not increase access to alcohol but rather reduce drinking-related risks.

Advertising↗
PubMed1994

Preventing strokes: considerations for developing health policy.

As the national movement for health care reform gives priority to activities that will achieve better and more efficient delivery of health care services, the cost-effectiveness of services will need to be calculated in some type of standard fashion. Although the cost-effectiveness of preventing and controlling acute diseases (for example, through mass immunization programs) has been well appreciated, less attention has been paid to the chronic diseases, which, in fact, account for the majority of illness and death in the United States today. This paper uses prevention of a common chronic disease, stroke, as a model to illustrate how cost savings measures may be developed and used to guide public policy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Economic development, social policies, and population].

Using data for Latin America, "this paper analyses the [potential] of using social policies in connection with policies to affect demographic behaviour.... It shows that there is a coincidence between the interests of the countries, as expressed by the national governments, and the demographic wishes of couples.... It shows that to a certain extent, it is possible to...[implement] social and population policies that are relatively independent from the economic situation. The document also discusses the role of social scientists...[and central and local governments] in the elaboration and execution of policies in general, and socio-demographic polices in particular...." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Government policy and older people.

Older people are the main users of health and social care services, but services have not always adequately addressed need (Department of Health, 2001). The past 50 years have witnessed many changes and reforms in health and the social welfare state that have directly affected older people and the level and type of help and support they can expect from the state. Nurses need to understand these changes, as the implications of policy development will have a direct impact on the people we are working with. Nurses also have a part to play in shaping and informing policy development.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Vitamin K prophylaxis in less developed countries: policy issues and relevance to breastfeeding promotion.

Vitamin K prophylaxis prevents hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. The present review estimates the potential magnitude of this problem in less developed countries, assessing the need for prophylaxis, along with its cost-effectiveness and feasibility. Late hemorrhagic disease, occurring between 2 and 12 weeks, often leads to death or permanent disability. Its median incidence in developed countries is 7 per 100,000 births. Incidences in less developed countries may be much higher. Three incidence scenarios are proposed and the corresponding losses of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) calculated. Under the intermediate scenario, late hemorrhagic disease accounts for 0.1% to 0.2% of DALYs lost to children less than 5 years of age. Assuming a cost of +1.00 per injection, each DALY saved would cost +133. Decisions on prophylaxis must be made on a national basis, considering mortality levels and causes, health budgets, and feasibility. Comparison with the impact of diseases prevented by breast-feeding shows that concern with hemorrhagic disease should not affect breast-feeding promotion efforts, although strategies for supplementing breast-fed infants must be explored.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1998

The negative effect of the clinical model of "health": implications for health care policy.

America has no overall health policy agenda that provides direction for improving the health of the nation. Historically, policies have focused on financing medical care. However, the philosophical model underlying that care is disease, not health, oriented. Health is only implicitly conceptualized and then only as the absence of disease. While the clinical model has provided for technological excellence and sophisticated medical care, it has also led to many problems within the health care delivery system. Skyrocketing costs; decreased access to care; poor health outcomes; and significant disparities in health among groups in America are the result of policies based on the model's limited conceptualization of health. This article describes the pervasiveness of the clinical model in influencing health policy. It analyzes both the health and economic outcomes of such policies, and explains the necessity of developing policy from a broader perspective of health. Using a nested model of health is encouraged. This allows policy makers to clearly visualize both the level of client and the focus of care that is being addressed. Delineating the focus of care may help in the development of policies that are truly aimed at improving the health of the nation.

Health Policy↗
PubMed1993

Role of infection control practitioners in human immunodeficiency virus testing. APIC Bloodborne Pathogens Committee.

BACKGROUND: As a result of the HIV epidemic, the role of the ICP has changed; acute care settings have developed a variety of policies regarding patient and health care worker (HCW) HIV testing and issues related to the HIV-infected HCW. APIC conducted a survey to determine the extent to which ICPs were involved in HCW and patient HIV testing and counseling, the prevalence of routine HIV testing for patients, institutional policies on HIV testing of patients and HCWs, and the management of HIV infected HCWs. METHODS: In 1990, a questionnaire was sent to ICPs in a simple random sample of 1300 acute care hospitals (approximately 20%) in the United States. RESULTS: Response rate was 52.8%. Of the 686 respondents, 54.8% provided counseling to the HCW after an exposure incident. ICPs were involved not only in HIV testing and counseling for patients and HCWs but also in institutional policy development for HIV-related issues. Most facilities (73.8%) obtained written consent for testing from the patient after an employee exposure. When a direct care giver was known to be HIV positive, 61.5% of the respondents evaluated each case individually. CONCLUSIONS: The ICP has a significant role in the development and implementation of institutional policies on HIV testing and counseling and on the management of HIV-infected workers. These findings affirm the need for APIC to provide educational opportunities on the issues related to HIV testing and counseling.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1994

The potential of health sector non-governmental organizations: policy options.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have increasingly been promoted as alternative health care providers to the state, furthering the same goals but less hampered by government inefficiencies and resource constraints. However, the reality of NGO health care provision is more complex. Not only is the distinction between government and NGO providers sometimes difficult to determine because of their operational integration, but NGOs may also suffer from resource constraionts and management inefficiencies similar to those of government providers. Some registered NGOs operate as for-profit providers in practice. Policy development must reflect the strengths and weaknesses of NGOs in particular settings and should be built on NGO advantages over government in terms of resource mobilization, efficiency and/or quality. Policy development will always require a strong government presence in co-ordinating and regulating health care provision, and an NGO sector responsive to the policy goals of government.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2003

Food and nutrition policies of Nordic countries: how have they been developed and what evidence substantiates the development of these policies?

The present paper addresses the emergence and development of Nordic food and nutrition policies, with some reference to the types of nutrition policies characteristic of other North European countries. Nutrition programmes aimed at dietary change have a long history of public responsibility in several Nordic and North European countries. The extent of involvement, the orientation and (indication of) success have, however, varied considerably between countries. First, different types of policies are characterised by their choice of programmes and measures, e.g. information campaigns v. market regulation or catering and public services. Second, the distinctions are associated not only with programmes, but also with the status and validity of nutritional advice and dietary guidelines in public policy making. Third, when focusing on how and on what grounds the governments have developed nutrition policies, it is evident that while more or less the same participants and issues are involved, their roles and relationships may be different. In this case the role and involvement of nutritional expertise and scientific arguments in various countries will be discussed. Finally, nutrition policies may entail conflicts of interest, particularly when health concerns are confronted with food industry and agricultural interests. This situation is quite evident in the question of animal fat. The present paper addresses how these issues have been dealt with quite differently in various countries.

Europe↗
PubMed1994

"Population" on development agenda.

"There is no peace without development and without the eradication of poverty neither would be achieved". This was the thread permeating the first inter-governmental consideration of the report of the UN Secretary-General on "An Agenda for Development" at the 1994 session of the Economic and Social Council on 28 June 1994. The meeting also agreed that pressures caused by population growth, international migration and urbanization should be given thorough consideration in the Agenda for Development. The Secretary-General thought that the time was ripe for the Agenda for Development to appear. The very concept of development had changed, he said; the concept needed to be expanded. "I am firmly convinced that the fiftieth anniversary of the UN must be, for us, the opportunity to rethink and to reinvent our economic and social development policy", he said.

International Agencies↗
PubMed2003

Linkage and exchange at the organizational level: a model of collaboration between research and policy.

This paper describes an organization-level initiative designed to promote linkage and exchange between a research unit and the mental health policy branch of Ontario's provincial government. Using a framework that conceptualizes four tiers--inter-organizational relationship, interactive research projects, dissemination and policy formation--in the application of linkage and exchange to the research and policy development processes, we present an example in order to explore the issues that arise in each tier. We conclude that while such initiatives enhance the relevance of research in the policy development process, they also present challenges that must be recognized and managed.

Cooperative Behavior↗