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Results for “Deception”

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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Pain and deception: use of verbal pain measurement as a diagnostic aid in differentiating between clinical and simulated low-back pain.

The pain reports of 553 patients with low back pain and 347 healthy subjects faking low back pain were compared to determine if pain language can be employed as diagnostic aids in differentiating between clinical groups and groups attempting to feign a clinical condition. The best set of discriminating words correctly identified 90% of the subjects using 18 to 54 words in pain description, and 83% using 4 to 17 words in their pain report. The same pain words were used to categorize 366 new pain cases and 202 new fake cases. Cross-validation shrinkage was 8 and 7% respectively. Effectiveness in discriminating between pain and simulation was increased using selective cut-off scores. Patients in active treatment for back pain whose choice of pain words resemble those of the simulators reported 21% more clinical pain in a follow-up validation study suggesting that an accurate representation of malingering may have been achieved using a simulation research design.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Deceptive dysphagia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1984

Chronic factitious illness: recognition and management of deception.

Factitious disease is often manifested in the head and neck region. It is only when the oral and maxillofacial surgeon is aware of the existence of this syndrome and has been unable to correlate a patient's history and signs and symptoms with known diseases that factitious illness may be suspected as the diagnosis. Three case histories that help to demonstrate the variety of ruses used by patients to feign illness are presented. The expertise of a psychiatrist will often help to substantiate the diagnosis, but in many instances the main aspects of treatment will remain in the hands of the original clinician. It is important for clinicians to realize that patients with chronic factitious illness are extremely manipulative and unwilling to admit to their fabrications.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Diagnostic, expanatory, and detection models of Munchausen by proxy: extrapolations from malingering and deception.

OBJECTIVE: The overriding objective is a critical examination of Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) and its closely-related alternative, factitious disorder by proxy (FDBP). Beyond issues of diagnostic validity, assessment methods and potential detection strategies are explored. METHODS: A painstaking analysis was conducted of the MSBP and FDBP literature as it relates diagnostic and assessment issues. Given the limitations of this literature, extrapolations were provided from the extensive theory and research on malingering as a related response style. RESULTS: Diagnostic formulations for both MSBP and FDBP de-emphasize the clinical characteristics of the perpetrator. In the case of FDBP, inferential judgments about motivation (e.g., adoption of a sick role) are challenging on conceptual and clinical grounds. When explanatory models from malingering are applied, most research has focused pathogenic models, often allied with psychodynamic thought. Finally, clinical methods for the assessment of MSBP and FDBP are not well developed. CONCLUSIONS: Refinements in the conceptualization of MSBP and FDBP can be provided through prototypical analysis. Drawing from malingering research, explanatory models should be expanded to include adaptational and criminological models. Finally, detection strategies for MSBP and FDBP must be formally operationalized and rigorously validated.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A deceptive case of gunshot entry wounds -- beware of frangible bullets.

In December 2003, two young men decided to go shooting in the countryside near Montpellier, France. One accidentally shot the other. Upon crime scene examination and autopsy of the victim experts observed, at the right thorax, two round wounds, distanced 5mm from each other, presenting typical characteristics of entry wounds of bullets shot from a distance. Because of the presence of two clear cut round wounds, the Procurator suspected voluntary homicide. However, thanks to the balistics expertise, the authors concluded that all fragments belonged to a unique projectile, 22 Short caliber (Remington cartouche) of the frangible type. The barrel of the rifle infact presented an imperfection where the screw was fixed on the frontsite. The screw had obviously been changed, and the new screw was longer and therefore extended into the barrel, causing a small obstacle to the bullet when exiting the barrel. Shooting tests were performed, allowing the authors to conclude that a single bullet had fragmented before entering the body into two fragments. This lead the Procurator to consider the lesions consistent with an accident.

Accidents↗
PubMed1980

Digital operations can be deceptive. Squid giant axon membrane.

Action potentials produced by current clamp stimuli have been used to voltage-clam axons, an analogue, and computers. The final currents reproduced the original stimulus except during the action potential, when fluctuations of greater than +/- 20% were found. But all of these operations were digitalized. When the original action potential from an analogue was recorded directly on magnetic tape and played back as the voltage clamp, the original stimulus was reproduced within experimental error. Five collaborators and I have shown that the digital transients can accumulate to surprising values.

Action Potentials↗