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PubMed1982

Determining populations at risk for developing anorexia nervosa based on selection of college major.

The prevalence of symptoms of anorexia nervosa among students majoring in the areas of dance, drama, physical education, and English was determined by using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). It was hypothesized that female students who might be prone to develop anorexia nervosa as indicated by anorectic symptoms on the EAT would concentrate in areas of study emphasizing exercise and body image. Results indicate the prevalence of anorectic symptoms among the dance and drama majors to be significantly higher than in the English and physical education groups. These findings are compatible with the belief that individuals at risk for developing anorexia nervosa will gravitate toward areas of culture where there is increased focus on body image but not on physical exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

I'm not a doctor but I play one on TV: E.R. and the place of contemporary health care in fixing crisis.

This paper is an examination of the popular TV drama E.R. What is notable for health geographers about E.R. is how the show offers a representation of health care and the role of place in creating ways to provide care. Indeed, the place of health care-the emergency room-is the point of reference for the show's weekly dramas and centers the activity on the screen. We posit that the show's success stems from how crisis has become a central component of discourses about health care and that E.R. offers one highly seductive interpretation of how to deal with crisis in health care and care delivery. E.R. provides a representation of crisis by constructing three scales of intervention as the best sites to respond to and fix crisis: bodies, medical networks, and the urban social relations of the city. Order is designed around these scales which serve to map out where medical interventions can be made within the discursive regime of crisis. What E.R. provides is a powerful, if limited, "realistic" portrayal about the role of health care today-a role that is increasingly considered to be shaped by the need to intervene in crisis.

Capitalism↗
PubMed1995

A dramatic experience in mental health nursing education.

This paper examines aspects of a drama project in which a play Syncing Out Loud was produced for Mental Health Week. The project sought to raise community awareness about schizophrenia, as well as to provide an alternative educational experience for students enrolled in a preregistration nursing program. The programs conceptual approach is discussed. Particular referenced is made to the use of drama as a educational tool which can develop experiential sensitivity to the issues and concerns of health service consumers. The experiences of students involved in Syncing Out Loud are examined.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMed2002

Electroencephalographic measurement of possession trance in the field.

OBJECTIVES: To verify the utility of a portable electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement system developed for investigating spontaneous EEG from vigorously moving healthy subjects in a possession trance under a natural condition. METHODS: A portable multi-channel EEG telemetry system was developed to record the EEGs of 3 healthy male Balinese while they were performing a ritual dedicatory drama in the field. After reducing extraneous artifacts using a digital filter, the EEGs and their power spectra were analyzed in terms of evolution from one state to another. RESULTS: During the drama, one of the subjects became possessed while the others did not. The EEG of the possessed subject did not show any pathological findings including epileptic discharges, but indicated enhanced power in the theta and alpha frequency bands during the trance. This finding was not observed in the other two subjects, who did not go into trances, with no pathological EEG findings. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement system and data analysis methods we developed have allowed us, for the first time, to obtain an EEG from healthy subjects who are vigorously moving while in a possession trance. The present technique enables us to use a spontaneous EEG as a marker of the underlying physiology of a state of possession trance.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Ligand geometry of the ternary complex of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase from rotational-echo double-resonance NMR.

The 46-kDa enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase catalyzes the condensation of shikimate 3-phosphate (S3P) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form EPSP. The reaction is inhibited by N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (Glp), which, in the presence of S3P, binds to EPSP synthase to form a stable ternary complex. As part of a solid-state NMR characterization of this structure, we have used dipolar recovery at the magic angle (DRAMA) and rotational-echo double resonance (REDOR) to determine intra- and interligand internuclear distances. DRAMA was used to determine the single 31P-31P distance, while REDOR was used to determine one 31P-15N distance and five 31P-13C distances. These experimental distances were used as restraints in molecular dynamics simulations of an S3P-Glp complex to examine the geometry of the two ligands relative to one another in the ternary complex. The simulations were compared to unrestrained simulations of the EPSP synthase tetrahedral intermediate and its phosphonate analog. The results suggest that Glp is unlikely to bind in the same fashion as PEP, a conclusion that is consistent with recent studies that have questioned the role of Glp as a transition-state or intermediate analog.

3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase↗
PubMed2004

Decoding speech prosody: do music lessons help?

Three experiments revealed that music lessons promote sensitivity to emotions conveyed by speech prosody. After hearing semantically neutral utterances spoken with emotional (i.e., happy, sad, fearful, or angry) prosody, or tone sequences that mimicked the utterances' prosody, participants identified the emotion conveyed. In Experiment 1 (n=20), musically trained adults performed better than untrained adults. In Experiment 2 (n=56), musically trained adults outperformed untrained adults at identifying sadness, fear, or neutral emotion. In Experiment 3 (n=43), 6-year-olds were tested after being randomly assigned to 1 year of keyboard, vocal, drama, or no lessons. The keyboard group performed equivalently to the drama group and better than the no-lessons group at identifying anger or fear.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Training physicians in communication skills with adolescents using teenage actors as simulated patients.

Role-play exercises with simulated patients may serve the purpose of training professionals to develop appropriate communication skills with adolescents. Authentic adolescent responses toward the physicians may be achieved by actors who themselves are in their teenage years. We describe our experience in continuing medical education programmes for primary care physicians aimed at improving their skills in communicating with adolescents, using simulation methodology with teenage actors. Eight 16-17-year-old actors from the drama department of a high school for the arts were trained to simulate 20 cases with characteristic adolescent medical problems, as well as confidentiality issues and home and school problems. The actors performed in front of large groups of 20-30 paediatricians, family practitioners, or gynaecologists in continuing medical education. Diagnostic issues as well as therapeutic and management approaches were discussed, while the actors provided feedback to the trainees about their understanding and their feeling regarding the issues raised during the exercises. Normally, smaller learning groups are more suitable for such training purposes; nevertheless the participants could appreciate learning the principles of careful listening, a non-judgmental approach and assuring confidentiality. A collaboration of medical schools and postgraduate programmes with high schools which have drama departments may be fruitful in the teaching of adolescent medicine with special emphasis on communication skills with teenagers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The group as a whole or acting out the missing leader?

To write about a group of individuals is to see them as a single entity for some analytic purpose, even if it is just to label them a group. At issue is the type of unity assumed, its density. The article is concerned with how the consultant or therapist's anxiety may lead him or her to overemphasize the dense wholeness of the group, and so miss a more complex drama, acting out the missing leader, in which members cooperate to create the pieces of a leader who might save them. Not a productive drama, it must be identified before its script can be rewritten.

Acting Out↗
PubMed2001

Community-based HIV/AIDS education in rural Uganda: which channel is most effective?

A process evaluation was conducted to evaluate four channels (drama, video, community educators and leaflets) used in a community-based IEC (Information, Education and Communication) HIV/AIDS intervention in rural Uganda. Semi-structured interviews (n = 37) and focus groups (n = 3) were held with community members working as field staff. In addition, two questionnaire surveys (n = 105 and n = 69) and eight focus groups were conducted with the target community. Over 85% of the community had seen at least one drama or video show. They rated them as relevant and realistic. However, the messages 'taken home' were not always those intended by the plays. Access to community educators (CEs) was not equal. The CEs had a tendency to avoid the educated, rich and their older relatives. Those who had met with a CE rated them as knowledgeable and trustworthy, but felt they would rather be taught by a trained health worker. Around 80% of the community said they had seen the leaflets, but had not necessarily read them. Although appreciated by some as reference material, low literacy levels and a lack of reading culture meant that some leaflets may have gone astray. These findings suggest that a multi-channel approach may be required to overcome weaknesses inherent in individual channels.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed2004

Music lessons enhance IQ.

The idea that music makes you smarter has received considerable attention from scholars and the media. The present report is the first to test this hypothesis directly with random assignment of a large sample of children (N = 144) to two different types of music lessons (keyboard or voice) or to control groups that received drama lessons or no lessons. IQ was measured before and after the lessons. Compared with children in the control groups, children in the music groups exhibited greater increases in full-scale IQ. The effect was relatively small, but it generalized across IQ subtests, index scores, and a standardized measure of academic achievement. Unexpectedly, children in the drama group exhibited substantial pre- to post-test improvements in adaptive social behavior that were not evident in the music groups.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

A body with chronic fatigue syndrome as a battleground for the fight to separate from the mother.

I describe the therapy of a 20-year-old women who believed that her difficulties in concentrating and remembering were caused by her "ME' (Myalgic encephalomyelitis, Chronic fatigue syndrome, or CFS). She had been fathered by a man who never left his own wife. Work with her dreams revealed a within-body drama in which she was locked in an unspeakable fight to the death with her mother. Her symptoms improved after parallels between a dream and an accident showed her own self-destructive hand in her story. Another dream, reflecting her first 'incestuous' affair, showed her search for her original father-self as someone separate from mother, and a later affair provided a between-body drama, helping her to own the arrogant and abject traits she had before seen only as her mother's. I show how we worked in the area of Winnicott's first 'primitive agony' as experienced by a somatizing patient, stuck in a too-close destructive relationship with her mother-body. I discuss how analytical work can be done with the primitive affects and conflicts against which the ME symptoms may be defending.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The effect of selected health education schemes on knowledge and attitude of the Kanuri towards certain parasitic diseases.

The effect of 3 types of intervention schemes on the scientific knowledge and attitude of Kanuri towards malaria, diarrhoea and dysentery and intestinal worms was assessed using the Likert scale response type statements. 1383 respondents in our identical Kanuri villages were used in the study. The effect of still pictures and card games (Goramari), drama songs, storytelling and discussions (Yerimari) and a combination of both (Shetimari) on knowledge and attitude was tested. Gotimari was used as the control. Quarterly assessment of changes in knowledge and attitude showed that Goramari was the least effective while Yerimari and Shetimari were the most effective. Women were more influenced than men by health education schemes which involve drama songs and stories while card games and still pictures had very little effect on them (women). The implication of these findings on disease management through health education is discussed.

Ethnicity↗
PubMed2006

The song of the siren: some thoughts on idealization and creativity in Martinů's Julietta.

The authors draw on ideas posited by Segal in her seminal paper 'A psychoanalytic approach to aesthetics' to explore idealization and the creative endeavour as it is imaginatively portrayed in the Poutney/Lazaridis production of Martinů's Julietta, performed by Opera North (2003). The opera is set in a dreamlike world in which confusion proliferates, and Julietta is portrayed as a modern-day siren, luring Mischa, the main character, on to the rocks of psychic withdrawal. It depicts an inner drama where music, narrative and spectacle work together to evoke the main character's struggle which touches on universal themes--the ongoing nature of infantile longings, the pain of loneliness and separation and the fear of madness. Through careful reading of the opera and consideration of Martinů's life, the authors reflect on the factors that may have shaped Martinů's relationship to this work, including his feelings towards his homeland, his mid-life crisis and the social and political turmoil of Europe at the time. The authors conclude by reflecting on the aesthetic experience of the opera and the way in which the music transforms the drama and seeks to extend our understanding of psychic truth.

Attitude↗
PubMed1987

Alcohol on prime-time television.

Alcohol acts and scenes from a sample of 122 hours of prime-time television programs aired in the fall of 1984 were studied. Approximately 80% of the 116 episodes studied contained one or more appearances of alcohol. The appearance of alcohol on dramatic series was especially high with 9 of 10 episodes containing some verbal or visual reference to alcohol. Alcohol was ingested on 60% of all the programs. Overall, the sample contained 10.65 drinking acts per hour. Dramas, comprising 56% of the sample hours, accounted for most alcohol behavior--11 drinking acts per hour. Put in audience terms, a regular viewer of dramas would be likely to see more than 20 drink acts per evening.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Portrayals of alcohol on prime-time television.

Alcohol portrayals were analyzed for a 3-week composite sample of prime-time fictional television programs aired in the fall of 1986. Approximately 64% of the 195 episodes contained one or more appearances of alcohol. Alcohol was ingested on 50% of all programs. Overall, there were 8.1 alcohol drinking acts per hour. Movies made-for-television had the highest rate of drinking acts per hour (10.0) followed by situation comedies (9.2) and then theatrical movies (7.4) and dramas (7.4). Within the category of dramas, evening soap operas stand out with 13.3 acts per hour. Drinking and nondrinking characters were compared on a number of attributes relevant to role modeling. Regularly appearing characters were more likely to drink than nonregular characters. Drinking characters also tended to be of high status, largely being white, upper-class professionals. A time trend analysis showed a regular increase in alcohol on television from 1976 to 1984, reaching 10.2 acts in 1984. After 1984 the trend appears to reverse.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2000

[A narrative about the world of those who deliver and those who receivecare].

The purpose of the present study is to show the narrative as a methodology that enables the learning about the other's apparent and hidden world. The other may be a client or a member of the nursing team. At first, authors present their general view showing the narrative as a way of reporting the exceptional, the drama experienced by a group, and a form of acting upon a drama situation. Subsequently, authors who use the narrative to represent diseases are presented. Finally, authors show the narrative as a possibility offered to nursing to interpret and act upon its practice.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

Students' use of mass media for ideas about romantic relationships was influenced by perceived realism of presentations and parental happiness.

52 undergraduates between 18 and 24 years of age (34 women) answered a questionnaire about their use of mass media for ideas about romantic relationships and indicated how happy their parents' relationship seemed during the students' formative years. If sitcoms, dramas, magazine articles, or books were seen as realistic or presenting an ideal for which to strive in real life, students used ideas about romantic relationships presented more frequently, and they also more frequently explored sitcoms and dramas for ideas, but not magazines or books. If the parental relationship was seen as happy, students were more likely to use TV and magazines but not books for ideas; they evaluated sitcoms as more and books as less realistic.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The new math of ownership.

In 1994, when the software maker Knowledge Adventure decided to spin out a new venture--Worlds, Incorporated--founder Bill Gross expected the worst. He had argued with the board that it was in KA's best interests to maintain a controlling ownership stake in Worlds, whose powerful new software technology had enormous revenue potential. But the board prevailed, and KA took only a 20% ownership in the new company, giving the rest to Worlds' employees. Within a year, the company's performance had surpassed all expectations, and instead of owning 80% of a $5 million business, KA owned 20% of a $77 million business. The arithmetic may have been counterintuitive, but the lesson was clear. When KA let go of Worlds and gave its employees near total ownership, the company unleashed a new level of employee performance. That, in turn, led to the creation of economic value that more than made up for the equity KA had surrendered. So compelling was this "new math of ownership" that Gross founded a new company, Idealab, on this principle. The company, which develops ideas for Internet-based businesses and seeds the most promising ones, takes no more than a 49% equity stake in the new ventures and gives at least 1% of ownership to each employee. For Gross, this radical approach to ownership is the key to inspiring stellar performances. In part, employee-owners are motivated by their potential to earn great financial reward. But the drama of ownership, he argues, is even more important. In that drama, employees become personally involved in the struggle to outdo the competition and emerge victorious.

Commerce↗